Epigraph:
Kalekale, Hedgehog ndi Little Bear anakumana m'nkhalango.
- Moni, Hedgehog!
- Moni, Little Bear!
Chifukwa chake, liwu ndi liwu, nthabwala ndi nthabwala, Kaluluyo adagundidwa kumaso ndi Little Bear ...
Pansipa pali zokambirana kuchokera kwa mtsogoleri wa gulu lathu, komanso Mtsogoleri wa RAS Product Development Igor Marnat, zokhudzana ndi mikangano yantchito ndi njira zomwe zingathetsere vutoli.
Mikangano yambiri yomwe timakumana nayo kuntchito imakula molingana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa mu epigraph pamwambapa. Pali anthu angapo omwe poyamba amakonderana wina ndi mzake; akuyesera kuthetsa vuto linalake, koma pamapeto pake vuto silinathe, ndipo pazifukwa zina maubwenzi pakati pa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pazokambiranawo amakhala owonongeka.
Moyo ndi wosiyanasiyana, ndipo kusiyanasiyana kumachitika muzochitika zomwe tafotokozazi. Nthawi zina ubale wapakati pa otenga nawo mbali suli wabwino kwambiri poyamba, nthawi zina palibe ngakhale nkhani yomwe imafuna yankho lachindunji (monga, mwachitsanzo, mu epigraph), nthawi zina pambuyo pokambirana ubalewo umakhalabe womwewo usanayambe, koma nkhaniyo pamapeto pake sinathe.
Ndi chiyani chodziwika muzochitika zonse zomwe zingatanthauzidwe ngati mikangano yantchito?
Choyamba, pali mbali ziwiri kapena zingapo. Maphwandowa amatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana m'bungwe, kukhala paubwenzi wofanana (ogwira nawo ntchito pagulu), kapena m'magulu osiyanasiyana (bwana-woyang'anira), kukhala payekha (wogwira ntchito) kapena gulu (pakakhala kusamvana pakati pa olamulira). wogwira ntchito ndi gulu kapena magulu awiri), ndi zina zotero. Kuthekera kwa mikangano ndi kumasuka kwa kuthetsa kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhulupirirana pakati pa otenga nawo mbali. Pamene maphwando amadziΕ΅ana bwino, mβpamenenso kukhulupirirana kumakulirakulira, mβpamenenso mpata woti agwirizane nawo umakula. Mwachitsanzo, mamembala a gulu logawidwa omwe sanakumanepo maso ndi maso amatha kukumana ndi mikangano pa nkhani yosavuta ya ntchito kusiyana ndi anthu omwe adakumanapo ndi maso ndi maso. Chifukwa chake, pogwira ntchito m'magulu ogawidwa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mamembala onse amakumana nthawi ndi nthawi pamasom'pamaso.
Chachiwiri, pakakhala mikangano kuntchito, maphwandowa ali ndi vuto lothana ndi vuto linalake lomwe ndi lofunika kwa gulu limodzi, kwa onse awiri, kapena bungwe lonse. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika, maphwando nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana nazo (zamwambo, zamwambo, misonkhano, makalata, zisankho za kasamalidwe, kukhalapo kwa zolinga ndi mapulani a gulu, mfundo ya hierarchy, etc.). Izi ndizosiyana ndi momwe mungathetsere nkhani ya ntchito (kapena yosagwira ntchito) mu bungwe kuchokera, mwachitsanzo, kuthetsa funso lofunika: "Eh, mwana, ukuchokera kudera liti?!" mumsewu, kapena mkangano wochokera ku epigraph. Pankhani yothetsera vuto la ntchito, ubwino wa ntchito ndi chikhalidwe cha kuthetsa nkhani mu gulu.
Chachitatu, chomwe chimayambitsa mikangano (kuchokera ku lingaliro la zokambirana zathu) ndikuti maphwando a ndondomekoyi sangathe kubwera pawokha pa nkhani yomwe ikugwirizana ndi maphwando onse. Mkhalidwewu umafunika kulowererapo kwa munthu wina, woweruza wakunja. Mfundoyi ingawoneke ngati yotsutsana, koma, makamaka, ngati mikanganoyo inathetsedwa bwino popanda kulowererapo kwa woweruza wakunja, nkhaniyi inathetsedwa bwino ndipo maubwenzi a maphwandowo sanawonongeke, izi ndizochitika zomwe tiyenera kuyesetsa. . Sitidzadziwa nkomwe za mkangano wotero, kapena tidzadzipeza mwangozi pambuyo pake. Mavuto omwe gulu lingathe kuthetsa palokha, limakhala lothandiza kwambiri.
Chizindikiro china cha mkangano chomwe chili choyenera kukhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhudzidwa kwamalingaliro panthawi yachigamulo. Kusemphana maganizo sikumakhudzana kwenikweni ndi msinkhu wamaganizo. Otenga nawo mbali sayenera kufuula ndi kugwedeza manja awo kuti zinthu zikhale mkangano. Nkhaniyo siidathetsedwa, kusokonezeka maganizo kwina kulipo (mwinamwake sikumasonyezedwa bwino kunja), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tikukumana ndi mikangano.
Kodi ndikofunikira kulowererapo pamikangano, kapena ndikwabwino kulola kuthetsa kwawo ndikudikirira kuti vutolo lithetse lokha? Muyenera kutero. Sikuti nthawi zonse muli mu mphamvu kapena luso lanu kuthetsa kusamvana kwathunthu, koma muzochitika zilizonse, mumkangano wamtundu uliwonse, mutha kukhala wamkulu, potero mukubweretsa anthu angapo ozungulira inu, kuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa za mikangano ndikuthandizira kuthetsa kwake.
Tisanayang'ane zitsanzo zingapo za mikangano, tiyeni tiwone mfundo zingapo zofunika pamikangano yonse.
Pothetsa mkangano, ndikofunika kukhala pamwamba pa nkhondoyo, osati mkati mwake (izi zimatchedwanso "kutenga meta-position"), ndiko kuti, kuti asakhale mbali imodzi ya maphwando omwe akukhudzidwa. Kupanda kutero, kukhala ndi arbiter akunja kumathandizira chigamulocho kumangolimbitsa udindo wa gulu limodzi kuti liwononge mnzake. Popanga chosankha, ndikofunikira kuti chivomerezedwe mwamakhalidwe ndi maphwando onse, monga akunena, "ogulidwa." Kotero kuti, ngakhale maphwandowo sanakondwere ndi chigamulo chomwe adapanga, adavomera moona mtima kuti akwaniritse. Monga akunena, kuti athe kusagwirizana ndi kudzipereka. Kupanda kutero, mkanganowo umangosintha mawonekedwe ake, moto woyaka umakhalabe pansi pa peat bog ndipo nthawi ina udzayambiranso.
Mfundo yachiwiri, yokhudzana ndi yoyamba, ndi yakuti ngati mwaganiza kale kutenga nawo mbali pothetsa mkanganowo, itengereni mozama momwe mungathere kuchokera pamalingaliro a mauthenga ndi kuphunzira nkhaniyo. Lankhulani panokha ndi aliyense wa maphwando. Payokha ndi aliyense, poyambira. Osakonzekera makalata. Pankhani ya gulu logawidwa, osachepera lankhulani kudzera pavidiyo. Osakhutitsidwa ndi nkhani zabodza komanso zowona ndi maso. Mvetsetsani nkhaniyo, zomwe mbali iliyonse ikufuna, chifukwa chiyani ikufunira, zomwe akuyembekezera, adayesapo kuthetsa nkhaniyi m'mbuyomu, zomwe zingachitike ngati sizingathetsedwe, akuwona mayankho anji, amalingalira bwanji za mbali ina, amaganiza chiyani, chabwino kapena cholakwika, etc. Kwezani zonse zomwe zingatheke m'mutu mwanu, ndi malingaliro otseguka, poganiza kuti aliyense ali wolondola. Simuli mkati mwa mkanganowo, muli kunja kwake, muzochitika. Ngati nkhaniyo ikupezeka mu ulusi wa positi, muwerenge zonse ndi ulusi ndi zolemba zokhudzana nazo. Mukatha kuliwerenga, lankhulanibe ndi mawu anu. Mwatsala pang'ono kumva china chake chofunikira chomwe mulibe mu imelo.
Mfundo yachitatu yofunika kwambiri ndi njira yolumikizirana. Izi ndi zinthu wamba, palibe cosmic, koma ndi zofunika kwambiri. Sitimayesetsa kupulumutsa nthawi, timalankhula ndi onse omwe akutenga nawo mbali, sitimudzudzula, koma timaganizira zotsatira za zochita zake (osati "ndinu wamwano", koma "mwinamwake anyamatawo angakhumudwe nazo." chinthu ichiβ), timapereka mwayi wosunga nkhope, timakambirana pamasom'pamaso, osati kutsogolo kwa mzere.
Mikangano nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa chimodzi mwa zifukwa ziwiri. Yoyamba ikugwirizana ndi ngati munthu pa nthawi ya mkangano ali pa udindo wa munthu wamkulu kapena ali mwana (zambiri pa izi pansipa). Izi ndichifukwa cha kukhwima kwake m'malingaliro, kutha kuwongolera malingaliro ake (omwe, mwa njira, sizimakhudzana ndi zaka zake). Chifukwa chachiwiri chodziwika bwino ndi kupanda ungwiro kwa ndondomeko ya ntchito, zomwe zimapanga mikhalidwe ya madera a imvi momwe udindo umafalikira pakati pa otenga nawo mbali, ziyembekezo za maphwando siziwonekera kwa wina ndi mzake, ndipo maudindo muzochitikazo samveka bwino.
Momwemo, pothetsa kusamvana (komanso nkhani ina iliyonse), woyang'anira ayenera kukumbukira malingaliro atatu: nthawi yochepa - kuthetsa nkhani / mikangano pano ndi pano, yapakati - kuchepetsa mwayi wa mkangano wina womwe ungabwere. chifukwa chomwecho, ndi nthawi yaitali - kukulitsa chikhalidwe wamkulu mu gulu munthu.
Aliyense wa ife ali ndi mwana wamkati, pafupifupi zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Nthawi zambiri amagona kuntchito, koma nthawi zina amadzuka ndikuyamba kulamulira. Mwanayo ali ndi zomwe amaika patsogolo. Ndikofunika kuti atsimikizire kuti iyi ndi mchenga wake, amayi ake amamukonda kwambiri, makina ake ndi abwino kwambiri (mapangidwewo ndi abwino kwambiri, amakonzekera bwino kwambiri, ...). Pakachitika mikangano, mwana amatha kukanikiza zoseweretsa, kupondaponda mapazi ake ndikung'amba spatula, koma sangathe kuthetsa mavuto akuluakulu (mapangidwe opangira, njira zoyesera zokha, masiku omasulidwa, ndi zina zotero), saganizira za ubwino. za timu. Mwana amene ali mkangano akhoza kulimbikitsidwa, kutonthozedwa ndi kutumizidwa kukagona pomupempha kuti aitane wamkulu wake. Musanayambe kukambirana pakakhala kusamvana, onetsetsani kuti mukulankhula ndi munthu wamkulu, osati mwana, komanso kuti inuyo muli ngati munthu wamkulu. Ngati cholinga chanu choona mtima pakali pano ndicho kuthetsa nkhani yaikulu, ndiye kuti muli pa udindo wa munthu wamkulu. Ngati cholinga chanu ndikugwedeza mapazi anu ndikuphwanya mapewa anu, uwu ndi udindo wachibwana. Tumizani mwana wanu wamkati kukagona ndikuyitanira munthu wamkulu, kapena sinthaninso zokambiranazo. Munthu amapanga chosankha chokhudza mtima, ndiyeno amayang'ana zifukwa zomveka za izo. Chisankho chopangidwa ndi mwana potengera zomwe ana amaika patsogolo sichingakhale bwino.
Kuwonjezera pa khalidwe pa nthawi ya mkangano, udindo wa mwana kapena wamkulu umadziwikanso ndi msinkhu wa udindo umene munthu ali wokonzeka kudzitengera yekha. M'mawonekedwe ake owopsa, udindo waubwana wa wopanga mapulogalamu, womwe ndakumana nawo kangapo, umawoneka motere: Ndinalemba code, ndinaitumiza kuti iwunikenso - ntchito yanga yatha. Owunikira ayenera kuwonanso ndikuvomereza, QA iyenera kuyang'ana, ngati pali mavuto, adzandidziwitsa. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ngakhale anthu okhwima komanso odziwa zambiri nthawi zina amachita izi. Mbali ina ya sikelo ndi yakuti munthu amadziona kuti ali ndi udindo wowonetsetsa kuti code yake ikugwira ntchito, imaphimbidwa ndi mayesero, yafufuzidwa ndi iyeyo, yadutsa bwino (ngati kuli kofunikira, palibe vuto pinging reviewers, kukambirana nkhani. ndi mawu, etc.) ndipo wakhala kuponderezedwa , QA adzapereka thandizo ngati n'koyenera, mayesero mayesero adzafotokozedwa, etc. Nthawi zambiri, wopanga mapulogalamu amayamba kuyandikira kumapeto kwa sikelo, kapena amasunthira kumeneko akapeza chidziwitso (ngati chikhalidwe choyenera chikukulitsidwa mkati mwa gulu). Zikafika poipa, akupitiriza kugwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri amatenga udindo wachibwana, ndiye kuti iye ndi gulu nthawi ndi nthawi amakhala ndi mavuto ndi mikangano.
Kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe choyenera, chokhwima mu gulu ndi ntchito yofunikira kwa woyang'anira aliyense. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali komanso khama la tsiku ndi tsiku, koma zotsatira zake ndizoyenera. Pali njira ziwiri zokhudzira chikhalidwe cha gulu - kutsogoza ndi chitsanzo (chomwe chidzatsatiridwa; gulu nthawi zonse limayang'ana kwa mtsogoleri) ndikukambirana ndikudalitsa khalidwe labwino. Palibe chododometsa kapena chokhazikika pano, pongokambirana za mavuto, zindikirani kuti china chake chikadachitika apa, tsindikani kuti mwazindikira pomwe zidasankhidwa molondola, kutamandidwa, cholemba pakuwunikanso, ndi zina zambiri.
Tiyeni tiwone mikangano ingapo, kuyambira yosavuta mpaka yovuta:
Mikangano yosagwirizana ndi nkhani za ntchito
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mikangano kuntchito komwe sikukhudzana ndi nkhani zantchito. Kupezeka kwawo ndi kumasuka kwa kuthetsa nthawi zambiri kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi msinkhu wa nzeru zamaganizo za otenga nawo mbali, msinkhu wawo wa kukhwima, ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi ungwiro kapena kupanda ungwiro kwa ntchito.
Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino: wina sagwiritsa ntchito makina ochapira kapena shawa nthawi zambiri, zomwe ena sakonda, wina ali wodzaza, pamene ena amatsegula zenera ndi mphepo, wina ali ndi phokoso kwambiri, ndipo ena amafunika kukhala chete kuti agwire ntchito, ndi zina zotero. zina zotero. Ndi bwino kuti tisachedwetse kuthetsa mikangano yamtunduwu komanso kusawalola kutenga njira yawo. Sadzathetsa okha ndipo amakusokonezani kuntchito tsiku lililonse ndikuwononga mpweya mu timu. Mwamwayi, kuwathetsa nthawi zambiri si vuto lalikulu - ingolankhulani modekha (m'modzi-m'modzi, inde) ndi mnzanu amene amanyalanyaza ukhondo, perekani malo omasuka kwa anthu omwe amakonda kukhala chete / kuzizira, kugula mahedifoni omvera kapena kukhazikitsa magawo. , ndi zina.
Chitsanzo china chimene ndinakumana nacho kangapo pa ntchito yanga ndi kusagwirizana m'maganizo kwa mamembala a gulu. Pazifukwa zina, anthu sangathe kugwirira ntchito limodzi; kuyankhulana kulikonse kumathera pamwano. Nthawi zina izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti anthu amakhala ndi malingaliro a polar pazovuta zina (nthawi zambiri zandale) ndipo sadziwa momwe angawasiye kunja kwa ntchito. Kuwalimbikitsa kulolerana kapena kusintha khalidwe lawo ndi ntchito yopanda pake. Chokhacho chomwe ndakumana nacho ndi anzanga achichepere omwe ali ndi malingaliro omasuka; khalidwe lawo likhoza kusinthidwa pang'onopang'ono kupyolera mu zokambirana za nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthawi zambiri nkhaniyo imathetsedwa bwino powalekanitsa m'magulu osiyanasiyana, kapena kupereka mwayi wokumana kuntchito kawirikawiri.
Muzochitika zonse zomwe tatchulazi, ndi bwino kuyankhula ndi onse omwe akutenga nawo mbali payekha, kukambirana za nkhaniyi, kufunsa ngati akuwona vuto pankhaniyi, ndikufunsa kuti, mwamalingaliro awo, ndi njira ziti zothetsera, ndikuwonetsetsa kutenga nawo mbali popanga izi. chisankho.
Pakuwona kukhathamiritsa kwa ntchito (mawonekedwe apakatikati omwe ndatchula), palibe zambiri zomwe zingachitike pano; mfundo yokhayo yokwaniritsira ndikuganizira zomwe zimagwirizana popanga gulu osati kuyika anthu. pamodzi pasadakhale amene adzakangana.
Kuchokera kumagulu a chikhalidwe chamagulu, zochitika zoterezi zimachitika kawirikawiri m'magulu omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chokhwima, kumene anthu amalemekeza gulu ndi anzawo ndikudziwa momwe angathetsere nkhani paokha. Kuonjezera apo, mikangano yotereyi imathetsedwa mosavuta (nthawi zambiri pokhapokha) m'magulu omwe ali ndi chikhulupiliro chachikulu, anthu agwira ntchito limodzi kwa nthawi yaitali komanso / kapena kulankhulana kawirikawiri kunja kwa ntchito.
Mavuto okhudzana ndi ntchito:
Mikangano yotereyi nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha zifukwa zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi, zonse zamaganizo (zoona kuti mmodzi wa otenga nawo mbali sali m'malo a munthu wamkulu) komanso kupanda ungwiro kwa ntchito yokha. Mwina mikangano yofala kwambiri yomwe ndidakumana nayo ndi mikangano pakuwunika kwa ma code kapena zokambirana zamamangidwe pakati pa omanga.
Ndikuwonetsa milandu iwiri yodziwika bwino apa:
1) Pachiyambi choyamba, wopanga mapulogalamu sangapeze ndemanga ya code kuchokera kwa mnzake. Chigambacho chimatumizidwa kuti chiwunikenso, ndipo palibe chomwe chimachitika. Poyang'ana koyamba, palibe mkangano woonekera pakati pa mbali ziwirizi, koma ngati mukuganiza za izo, izi ndizosamvana. Nkhani ya ntchito siidathetsedwa, mmodzi wa maphwando (akuyembekezera kubwereza) amakumana ndi kusapeza bwino. Subtype yoopsa kwambiri ya nkhaniyi ndi chitukuko m'deralo kapena m'magulu osiyanasiyana, pamene wowunikirayo sangakhale ndi chidwi ndi code iyi, chifukwa cha kutsitsa kapena zochitika zina, sangamvetsere pempho la kubwereza konse, ndi arbiter akunja. (woyang'anira wodziwika mbali zonse ziwiri) ) sangakhalepo konse.
Njira yothetsera vutoli yomwe imathandiza muzochitika zotere ikugwirizana ndendende ndi malingaliro a nthawi yayitali, chikhalidwe cha munthu wamkulu. Choyamba, ntchito zanzeru zimagwira ntchito. Simuyenera kuyembekezera kuti code yomwe yapachikidwa pakuwunika idzakopa chidwi cha wowunikayo. Tiyenera kuthandiza obwereza kumuzindikira. Pingani anthu angapo, funsani funso pa syncape, tengani nawo pazokambirana. Mwachiwonekere, kukakamiza ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kuthandizidwa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru. Chachiwiri, kukonzekeratu kumagwira ntchito bwino. Ngati gululo likumvetsa zomwe zikuchitika komanso chifukwa chake, chifukwa chake ndondomekoyi ikufunika konse, mapangidwewo adakambidwa ndikuvomerezedwa pasadakhale ndi aliyense, anthu amatha kumvetsera kachidindo kameneka ndikuvomereza kuti agwire ntchito. Chachitatu, ulamuliro umagwira ntchito. Ngati mukufuna kuwunikiranso, chitani ndemanga zambiri nokha. Chitani ndemanga zapamwamba, ndi macheke enieni, mayesero enieni, ndi ndemanga zothandiza. Ngati dzina lanu lakutchulidwa limadziwika bwino mu timu, pali mwayi waukulu kuti code yanu izindikiridwe.
Kuchokera pamawonedwe a kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, zosintha zomwe zingatheke apa ndikuyika patsogolo kolondola komwe cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza wopangayo kukwaniritsa zolinga zake ndi za gulu (unikaninso ena, lembani makalata kwa anthu ammudzi, kutsagana ndi kachidindo kofotokozera kamangidwe, zolemba, mayeso, kutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana ndi community, etc.), letsani zigamba kuti zisapachikidwa pamzere motalika kwambiri, ndi zina zotero.
2) Mlandu wachiwiri wa mikangano pamawunidwe a code kapena kapangidwe kake ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pankhani zaukadaulo, kalembedwe kazolemba, ndi kusankha kwa zida. Chofunikira kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi kuchuluka kwa chikhulupiliro pakati pa omwe akutenga nawo mbali, omwe ali mgulu limodzi, komanso chidziwitso chogwira ntchito limodzi. Mapeto a imfa amapezeka pamene mmodzi mwa ophunzirawo atenga udindo waubwana ndipo sayesa kumva zomwe wofunsayo akufuna kumufotokozera. Nthawi zambiri, njira yomwe winayo akufuna komanso njira yomwe adafunsidwa poyamba imatha kugwira ntchito bwino ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti ndi iti yomwe mungasankhe.
Tsiku lina, wolemba mapulogalamu kuchokera ku gulu langa (tiyeni timutchule Pasha) adakonza chigamba ndi kusintha kwa dongosolo loperekera phukusi, lomwe linapangidwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ku dipatimenti yoyandikana nayo. Mmodzi wa iwo (Igor) anali ndi malingaliro ake amphamvu ponena za momwe ntchito za Linux ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa potumiza phukusi. Lingaliro ili linali losiyana ndi njira yomwe idaperekedwa pachigambacho, ndipo sanagwirizane. Monga mwa nthawi zonse, masiku omalizira anali kutha, ndipo kunali kofunikira kufika pa chosankha cha mtundu wina; kunali kofunikira kuti mmodzi wa iwo atenge malo achikulire. Pasha adazindikira kuti njira zonsezi zili ndi ufulu wamoyo, koma adafuna kuti chisankho chake chidutse, chifukwa Palibe njira imodzi kapena yachiwiri yomwe inali ndi ubwino waumisiri.
Kukambitsirana kwathu kunkawoneka motere (mwadongosolo kwambiri, ndithudi, kukambiranako kunatenga theka la ola):
- Pasha, tili ndi mawonekedwe oundana m'masiku ochepa. Ndikofunika kuti tipeze zonse pamodzi ndikuyamba kuyesa mwamsanga. Kodi tingadutse bwanji Igor?
- Akufuna kukhazikitsa mautumiki mosiyana, amandiyika ndemanga pamenepo ...
- Ndipo pali chiyani, kusintha kwakukulu, mikangano yambiri?
- Ayi, pali ntchito kwa maola angapo, koma pamapeto pake palibe kusiyana, idzagwira ntchito mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa chiyani izi zili zofunika? Ndapanga china chake chomwe chimagwira ntchito, tiyeni tivomere.
- Tamverani, mwakhala mukukambirana zonsezi kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
- Inde, takhala tikulemba nthawi kwa sabata ndi theka tsopano.
- Um ... kodi tingathe kuthetsa vuto mu maola angapo omwe atenga kale sabata ndi theka, osachita?
- Inde, inde, koma sindikufuna kuti Igor aganize kuti ndidalowa ...
- Mvetserani, chofunika kwambiri kwa inu ndi chiyani, kuti mutulutse kumasulidwa, pamodzi ndi chisankho chanu mkati, kapena kupha Igor? Titha kuletsa, komabe, pali mwayi wabwino wowuluka ndikumasulidwa.
- Chabwino ... zingakhale zozizira, ndithudi, kupukuta mphuno ya Igor, koma chabwino, kumasulidwa kuli kofunika kwambiri, ndikuvomereza.
- Kodi ndizofunika kwambiri kwa inu zomwe Igor akuganiza? Kunena zowona, iye samapereka chiwopsezo nkomwe, amangofuna njira yolumikizana m'malo osiyanasiyana a chinthu chomwe ali ndi udindo.
- Chabwino, ndiloleni ndichite monga momwe akufunsa mu ndemanga ndikuyamba kuyesa.
- Zikomo, Pasha! Ndinali wotsimikiza kuti mwa awiri a inu mudzakhala okhwima, ngakhale Igorek ndi wamkulu kuposa inu :)
Nkhaniyo inathetsedwa, kumasulidwa kunatulutsidwa pa nthawi yake, Pasha sanamve kusakhutira kwambiri, chifukwa iye mwini anakonza njira yothetsera vutoli ndipo anaigwiritsa ntchito. Igor anali wokondwa kwambiri, chifukwa ... Malingaliro ake adaganiziridwa ndipo adachita monga momwe adanenera.
Mtundu wina wa mkangano womwewo ndi kusankha pakati pa mayankho aukadaulo / malaibulale / njira mu projekiti, makamaka mu gulu logawidwa. Mu imodzi mwama projekiti, yomwe idayikidwa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito C/C ++, zidapezeka kuti kasamalidwe kaukadaulo ka polojekitiyi ndi yotsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito STL (Standard Template Library). Iyi ndi laibulale yokhazikika ya zilankhulo yomwe imathandizira chitukuko, ndipo gulu lathu lazolowera kwambiri. Zinapezeka kuti ntchitoyi ili pafupi kwambiri ndi C kuposa C ++, zomwe sizinalimbikitse gululo kwambiri, chifukwa oyang'anira adayesetsa momwe angathere ndikulemba osewera abwino kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo, American mbali ya gulu, onse injiniya ndi mameneja, kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito mu kampani, anazolowera mmene zinthu zinalili, ndipo anali osangalala ndi chirichonse. Mbali yaku Russia ya timuyi idasonkhanitsidwa posachedwa, mkati mwa milungu ingapo (kuphatikiza ine). Gawo lachi Russia la gululo silinafune kusiya njira yokhazikika yachitukuko.
Zokambirana zosatha zolembedwa zinayamba pakati pa makontinenti awiriwa, makalata pamakanema atatu kapena anayi amawuluka uku ndi uku, m'makalata amagulu ndi aumwini, kuchokera kwa opanga mapulogalamu kupita kwa opanga mapulogalamu ndi oyang'anira. Monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri, zilembo zautali umenewu sizinawerengedwe ndi aliyense kupatulapo olemba ndi owatsatira awo achangu. Zokambirana zidayamba kugwedezeka, kudutsa malingaliro amitundu yambiri mbali zosiyanasiyana zaubwino waukadaulo wa STL, momwe imayesedwera bwino, ndi yotetezeka bwanji, komanso mwambiri, momwe moyo uliri wodabwitsa ndi iyo, komanso zoyipa zake popanda izo. .
Izi zonse zidatenga nthawi yayitali, mpaka ndidazindikira kuti tikukambirana zaukadaulo wa nkhaniyi, koma vuto silinali luso. Vuto si ubwino kapena kuipa kwa STL kapena kuvutika kugwira ntchito popanda izo. Vuto liri m'malo mwa bungwe. Tinkangofunika kumvetsa mmene kampani imene tinkagwirira ntchitoyo inkagwira ntchito. Palibe aliyense wa ife amene anali ndi chidziwitso chogwira ntchito mu kampani yotere. Chinthucho chinali chakuti code itapangidwa ndikutulutsidwa mukupanga, chithandizo chinayendetsedwa ndi anthu osiyana kwambiri ndi magulu ena, ochokera m'mayiko ena. Gulu lalikululi la mainjiniya makumi angapo a mainjiniya (onse onse) limatha kupeza njira zochepetsera zaukadaulo, titero kunena kwake, zochepa zochepa. Chilichonse chomwe chinadutsa muyeso wa uinjiniya womwe udakhazikitsidwa mu kampaniyo sichingathe kuthandizidwa mtsogolo. Mlingo wa gulu umatsimikiziridwa ndi msinkhu wa mamembala ake ofooka kwambiri. Titamvetsetsa chilimbikitso chenicheni zochita za mbali yaku America ya gululo, nkhaniyi idachotsedwa pazokambirana, ndipo palimodzi tidapanga bwino ndikumasula malondawo pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo yomwe kampaniyo idatengera. Makalata ndi macheza pankhaniyi sizinagwire ntchito bwino; zidatenga maulendo angapo komanso kulumikizana kwakukulu kuti abwere pagulu wamba.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, pankhaniyi, zingathandize kukhala ndi kufotokozera zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zofunikira kwa iwo, zoletsa kuwonjezera zatsopano, ndi kulungamitsidwa kwa zoletsa zotere. Zolemba zotere zimafanana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa m'ndime Reuse Strategy and Development Environment ya "Manager's Handbook for Software Development", yopangidwa mu . Ngakhale zaka zake, zimalongosola bwino ntchito zonse zazikulu ndi magawo okonzekera mapulogalamu amtunduwu. Kukhala ndi zolemba ngati izi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukambirana za zigawo ndi njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazogulitsa, komanso chifukwa chake.
Kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, mwachiwonekere, ndi malo okhwima kwambiri, omwe maphwando amayesa kumva ndi kumvetsetsa chilimbikitso chenicheni cha zochita za anzawo ndikuchitapo kanthu potengera zofunikira za polojekiti ndi gulu, osati kudzikonda kwaumwini. , mkanganowo ukanathetsedwa mosavuta komanso mwachangu.
Mu mkangano wina pa chisankho cha njira yothetsera luso, zinanditengeranso nthawi yodziwika bwino kuti ndimvetsetse chisonkhezero cha mmodzi wa maphwando (zinali zachilendo kwambiri), koma chilimbikitso chitatha, yankho linali lodziwikiratu.
Zomwe zilili ndi izi: wopanga watsopano akuwoneka mu gulu la anthu pafupifupi 20, timutchule kuti Stas. Panthawiyo, chida chathu cholumikizirana ngati gulu chinali Skype. Monga momwe zinakhalira pambuyo pake, Stas anali wokonda kwambiri miyezo yotseguka ndi mapulogalamu otseguka, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zida ndi machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito okha omwe magwero awo analipo poyera ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko zofotokozedwa poyera. Skype si imodzi mwa zida izi. Tidakhala nthawi yayitali tikukambirana za zabwino ndi zoyipa za njirayi, kuyesa kuyambitsa ma analogi a Skype pamakina osiyanasiyana opangira, kuyesa kwa Stas kukopa gululo kuti lisinthe kuzinthu zina, kumulembera payekha pamakalata, kumuyimbira foni payekhapayekha. foni, kumugulira kompyuta yachiwiri makamaka Skype, etc. Pomaliza, ndinazindikira kuti vutoli, kwenikweni, si luso kapena bungwe, ndi m'malo maganizo, ngakhale, wina anganene, chipembedzo (kwa Stas). Ngakhale titalumikiza Stas ndi Skype (zomwe zidatenga miyezi ingapo), vuto lingabwerenso pachida chilichonse chotsatira. Ndinalibe njira yeniyeni yosinthira maganizo a Stas, ndipo panalibe chifukwa choyesera kusintha dziko la gulu lomwe linagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'deralo. Munthuyo ndi kampani anali chabe orthogonal m'malingaliro awo adziko lapansi. Zikatero, njira yabwino ndiyo kulinganiza zinthu. Tinasamutsira Stas ku timu ina, komwe anali wokhazikika.
Chifukwa cha mkangano uwu, mwa lingaliro langa, ndi kusiyana pakati pa chikhalidwe chaumwini cha munthu wina (yemwe ali ndi malingaliro amphamvu omwe samamulola kusokoneza) ndi chikhalidwe cha kampaniyo. Pamenepa, ndithudi, kulakwitsa kwa manejala. Poyamba zinali zolakwika kumutengera ntchito yamtunduwu. Stas pamapeto pake adasamukira ku pulojekiti yotsegulira mapulogalamu apulogalamu ndipo adachita bwino kumeneko.
Chitsanzo chabwino cha mkangano womwe umabwera chifukwa cha malingaliro achibwana a wopanga komanso zofooka za ntchitoyo ndizochitika zomwe, pakalibe tanthauzo la zomwe zachitika, wopanga mapulogalamu ndi gulu la QA ali ndi ziyembekezo zosiyanasiyana zokhuza kukonzekera. mawonekedwe adasamutsidwa ku QA. Wopanga mapulogalamuyo adakhulupirira kuti kunali kokwanira kulemba kachidindo ndikuponyera mbaliyo pampanda ku QA - amazikonza pamenepo. Wopanga mapulogalamu okhwima komanso odziwa zambiri, mwa njira, koma chimenecho chinali gawo lake lamkati kuti likhale labwino. QA sanagwirizane ndi izi ndipo adafuna kuti awawonetse ndi kuwafotokozera zomwe adadzifufuza yekha, ndipo adawafunsa zolemba zoyesera. Iwo anali ndi vuto ndi magwiridwe antchito kuchokera kwa wopanga izi m'mbuyomu ndipo sanafune kuwononganso nthawi yawo. Mwa njira, iwo anali olondola - mawonekedwewo sanagwire ntchito, sanayang'ane kachidindo asanatumize ku QA.
Kuti athetse vutoli, ndinamupempha kuti andisonyeze kuti zonse zinagwira ntchito (sizinagwire ntchito, ndipo amayenera kuzikonza), tinakambirana ndi gululo komanso ndi tanthauzo la QA lachita (sanapange). kulemba, chifukwa sitinkafuna kuti ndondomekoyi ikhale yovomerezeka kwambiri ), chabwino, posakhalitsa tinasiyana ndi katswiriyu (kuti athandizidwe).
Kuchokera pamawonedwe a kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, zosintha zomwe zingatheke pa nkhaniyi ndi kukhalapo kwa tanthawuzo la zomwe zachitika, zofunikira zothandizira gawo lililonse la gawo ndi mayesero ophatikizana, ndi kufotokozera kuyesa kochitidwa ndi wopanga mapulogalamu. Mu imodzi mwama projekiti, tidayeza kuchuluka kwa ma code pa mayeso pa nthawi ya CI ndipo ngati chiwongola dzanja chatsika pambuyo powonjezera chigamba, mayesowo adadziwika kuti adalephera, i.e. kachidindo kalikonse katsopano kakhoza kuwonjezeredwa ngati pangakhale mayesero atsopano.
Chitsanzo china cha mikangano yokhudzana kwambiri ndi bungwe la ntchito. Tili ndi zinthu, gulu lopanga zinthu, gulu lothandizira, ndi kasitomala. Makasitomala ali ndi vuto ndi malonda ndi othandizira othandizira. Thandizo limasanthula vutoli ndikumvetsetsa kuti vuto liri muzogulitsa ndikusamutsa vutoli ku gulu lazogulitsa. Gulu lazogulitsa lili mu nthawi yotanganidwa, kumasulidwa kukuyandikira, kotero tikiti yomwe ili ndi vuto kuchokera kwa kasitomala, yotayika pakati pa matikiti ena a wopanga omwe amapatsidwa, imapachikidwa kwa milungu ingapo popanda chidwi. Thandizo likuganiza kuti wopanga mapulogalamu akugwira ntchito pavuto la kasitomala. Wogula amadikirira ndikuyembekeza kuti vuto lawo likugwira ntchito. Kunena zoona, palibe chimene chikuchitika. Pambuyo pa milungu ingapo, wogulayo pamapeto pake amasankha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi momwe zinthu zikuyendera ndikupempha thandizo momwe zinthu zikuyendera. Thandizo limapempha chitukuko. Wopanga mapulogalamu amanjenjemera, amayang'ana pamndandanda wamatikiti ndikupeza tikiti kuchokera kwa kasitomala pamenepo. Powerenga tikiti kuchokera kwa kasitomala, amamvetsetsa kuti palibe chidziwitso chokwanira kuti athetse vutoli, ndipo amafunikira zipika zambiri ndi kutaya. Thandizo limapempha zambiri zowonjezera kuchokera kwa kasitomala. Ndiyeno kasitomala amazindikira kuti palibe amene wakhala akugwira ntchito pa vuto lake nthawi yonseyi. Ndipo mabingu adzagunda ...
Zikatero, yankho la mkangano palokha limakhala lodziwikiratu komanso lolunjika (konzani malonda, zolembedwa zosintha ndi kuyesa, kusangalatsa makasitomala, kumasula hotfix, ndi zina). Ndikofunika kufufuza ndondomeko ya ntchito ndikumvetsetsa yemwe ali ndi udindo wokonzekera mgwirizano pakati pa magulu awiriwa, komanso chifukwa chake izi zinatheka poyamba. Ndizodziwikiratu zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa - wina ayenera kuyang'anira chithunzi chonse popanda zikumbutso kuchokera kwa makasitomala, mwachangu. Matikiti ochokera kwa kasitomala ayenera kuwonekera pakati pa matikiti ena ochokera kwa opanga. Thandizo liyenera kuwona ngati gulu lachitukuko likugwira ntchito pa matikiti ake, ndipo ngati sichoncho, liti likhoza kuyamba kugwira ntchito, komanso pamene zotsatira zingayembekezere. Thandizo ndi chitukuko ziyenera kulankhulana nthawi ndi nthawi ndikukambirana momwe matikiti alili, kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zofunikira kuti zithetsedwe ziyenera kukhala zokha momwe zingathere, ndi zina zotero.
Monga momwe pankhondo mdani amayesera kugunda mphambano pakati pa magulu awiri, momwemonso muntchito malo osalimba komanso osatetezeka nthawi zambiri amakhala kuyanjana kwa magulu. Ngati oyang'anira chithandizo ndi chitukuko ali okalamba mokwanira, adzatha kukonza ndondomekoyo okha, ngati sichoncho, ndondomekoyi idzapitirizabe kuyambitsa mikangano ndi mavuto mpaka woyang'anira atalowererapo yemwe angathe kukonza vutoli.
Chitsanzo china chomwe ndachiwona mobwerezabwereza m'makampani osiyanasiyana ndi momwe zinthu zimalembedwera ndi gulu limodzi, mayeso ophatikizana okhawo amalembedwa ndi gulu lachiwiri, ndipo zomangamanga zomwe zimayendetsedwa zimatsagana ndi gawo lachitatu. timu. Mavuto pamene akuyesa mayesero amadza nthawi zonse, ndipo chifukwa cha mavuto mwa iwo akhoza kukhala mankhwala ndi mayesero ndi zomangamanga. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuvomereza kuti ndani ayenera kuwunika koyambirira kwa zovuta, zolakwika zamafayilo, kusanthula zipika zazinthu, kuyesa ndi zomangamanga, ndi zina zambiri. Mikangano pano imachitika kawirikawiri, ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, yunifolomu. Pankhani ya kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwamalingaliro, otenga nawo mbali nthawi zambiri amagwera paubwana ndipo zokambirana zimayamba pamutuwu: "Chifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kuyang'ana izi," "zimasweka nthawi zambiri," ndi zina zotero.
Kuchokera pamawonekedwe a kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, njira zenizeni zothetsera vuto zimadalira kapangidwe ka magulu, mtundu wa mayeso ndi zinthu zina. Mu imodzi mwama projekiti, tidayambitsa ntchito yanthawi ndi nthawi, momwe magulu amawunika mayeso kamodzi kamodzi, sabata ndi sabata. Mwa zina, kusanthula koyambirira kunkachitidwa nthawi zonse ndi oyambitsa mayeso, koma kusanthula kunali kofunikira kwambiri ndipo mankhwalawo anali okhazikika, choncho adagwira ntchito bwino. Chofunikira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndondomekoyi ikuwonekera poyera, kuti ziyembekezo zikhale zomveka kwa magulu onse, komanso kuti zinthu zimve bwino kwa aliyense.
Kodi kusamvana kumakhalanso vuto m'bungwe?Kodi ndi chizindikiro choyipa kuti mikangano nthawi zambiri (kapena nthawi ndi nthawi) imachitika mu gulu lanu? Kawirikawiri, ayi, chifukwa ngati pali kukula, chitukuko, pali mtundu wina wa mphamvu, ndiye kuti pamakhala nkhani zomwe sizinathetsedwepo kale, ndipo pozithetsa, mikangano ingabwere. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti madera ena amafunikira chisamaliro, kuti pali madera oyenera kusintha. Ndizoipa ngati mikangano imachitika nthawi zambiri, imakhala yovuta kuthetsa kapena kutenga nthawi yayitali. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kusakhazikika bwino kwa ntchito komanso kusakhwima kwa gulu.
Source: www.habr.com