🥇5 Suiga Fa'aonaponei i Meafaigaluega Tuai o le Laina Poloaiga Linux

I le fa'aogaina o isi fa'aonaponei fa'aonaponei fa'atasi ma meafaigaluega tuai laina laina, e mafai ona sili atu lou fiafia ma fa'aleleia atili lau gaosiga.

I galuega i aso faisoo i Linux I le Unix, matou te faʻaaogaina le tele o meafaigaluega faʻatonu—mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, du mo le mataʻituina o le faʻaaogaina o le tisiketi ma punaoa o le polokalama. O nisi o nei meafaigaluega ua leva ona i ai. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, na aliali mai le top i le 1984, ma o le uluai faʻasalalauga o le du na toe foʻi i le 1971.

I le aluga o tausaga, o nei meafaigaluega ua faʻafouina ma faʻapipiʻiina i faiga eseese, ae i se tulaga lautele latou te le o mamao ese mai a latou uluai lomiga, o latou foliga vaaia ma le faʻaaogaina e leʻi suia tele.

O ni meafaigaluega sili ona lelei ia e taua mo le tele o pulega o polokalama. Peitaʻi, ua atiaʻe e le alalafaga ni meafaigaluega eseese e ofoina atu ai ni faʻamanuiaga faaopoopo. O nisi e naʻo se atinaʻe faʻaonaponei ma matagofie, ae o isi e faʻaleleia atili ai le faigofie ona faʻaaogaina. I lenei faʻaliliuga, o le a matou talanoaina ni isi auala e lima e sui ai meafaigaluega masani o le laina o poloaiga. Linux.

1. ncdu vs du

NCurses Disk Fa'aoga (ncdu) e tutusa ma le du, ae faʻatasi ai ma se fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga e faʻavae i luga o le potutusi fetuu. ncdu fa'aalia le fa'asologa o fa'atonuga e fa'aaoga ai le tele o lau va'a va'a.

ncdu su'esu'e le tisiki ona fa'aalia lea o taunu'uga fa'avasega e fa'atonuga po'o faila e masani ona fa'aaoga, mo se fa'ata'ita'iga:

ncdu 1.14.2 ~ Use the arrow keys to navigate, press ? for help
--- /home/rgerardi ------------------------------------------------------------
   96.7 GiB [##########] /libvirt
   33.9 GiB [###       ] /.crc
    7.0 GiB [          ] /Projects
.   4.7 GiB [          ] /Downloads
.   3.9 GiB [          ] /.local
    2.5 GiB [          ] /.minishift
    2.4 GiB [          ] /.vagrant.d
.   1.9 GiB [          ] /.config
.   1.8 GiB [          ] /.cache
    1.7 GiB [          ] /Videos
    1.1 GiB [          ] /go
  692.6 MiB [          ] /Documents
. 591.5 MiB [          ] /tmp
  139.2 MiB [          ] /.var
  104.4 MiB [          ] /.oh-my-zsh
   82.0 MiB [          ] /scripts
   55.8 MiB [          ] /.mozilla
   54.6 MiB [          ] /.kube
   41.8 MiB [          ] /.vim
   31.5 MiB [          ] /.ansible
   31.3 MiB [          ] /.gem
   26.5 MiB [          ] /.VIM_UNDO_FILES
   15.3 MiB [          ] /Personal
    2.6 MiB [          ]  .ansible_module_generated
    1.4 MiB [          ] /backgrounds
  944.0 KiB [          ] /Pictures
  644.0 KiB [          ]  .zsh_history
  536.0 KiB [          ] /.ansible_async
 Total disk usage: 159.4 GiB  Apparent size: 280.8 GiB  Items: 561540

E mafai ona e fa'asolo i totonu o fa'amaumauga e fa'aaoga ai ki arrow. Afai e te oomi le Ulufale, ncdu o le a faʻaalia mea o loʻo i totonu o le lisi filifilia:

--- /home/rgerardi/libvirt ----------------------------------------------------
                         /..
   91.3 GiB [##########] /images
    5.3 GiB [          ] /media

E mafai ona e fa'aogaina lenei mea faigaluega e, mo se fa'ata'ita'iga, e iloa ai po'o fea faila o lo'o fa'aogaina le tele o avanoa tisiki. E mafai ona e alu i le lisi muamua e ala i le oomiina o le ki agavale. Faatasi ai ma le ncdu e mafai ona e tapeina faila i le oomiina o le ki d. E fesili mo se faʻamaoniga aʻo leʻi tapeina. Afai e te manaʻo e faʻamalo le ata tape e puipuia ai le leiloa faʻafuaseʻi o faila taua, faʻaoga le -r filifiliga e mafai ai ona faitau naʻo le avanoa avanoa: ncdu -r.

E maua le ncdu mo le tele o faʻavae ma tufatufaga. LinuxMo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, e mafai ona e faʻaogaina le dnf e faʻapipiʻi saʻo ai i luga o Fedora mai fale teu oloa aloaia:

$ sudo dnf install ncdu

2. htop vs luga

htop o se va'aiga fa'agasologa fefa'asoaa'i e tutusa ma le pito i luga, ae i fafo atu o le pusa e maua ai se fa'aoga manaia. Ona o le le mafai, htop faʻaalia faʻamatalaga tutusa e pei o le pito i luga, ae i se auala sili atu ona vaʻaia ma felanulanuaʻi.

O le tulaga masani o le htop e pei o lenei:

E le pei o luga:

E le gata i lea, o loʻo faʻaalia e le htop faʻamatalaga faʻamatalaga e uiga i le faiga i le pito i luga, ma se laulau mo le faʻatonuina o faʻatonuga e faʻaaoga ai ki galuega i le pito i lalo. E mafai ona e faʻatulagaina e ala i le oomiina o le F2 e tatala ai le faʻasologa o mata. I Fa'atonuga, e mafai ona e suia lanu, fa'aopoopo pe aveese fua, pe suia le va'aiga lautele fa'aaliga filifiliga.

E ui lava e mafai ona e ausia le faʻaogaina tutusa e ala i le tweaking o faʻatulagaga o lomiga aupito lata mai o le pito i luga, o loʻo tuʻuina atu e le htop faʻaoga faʻaoga talafeagai, lea e sili atu ona aoga ma faigofie ona faʻaoga.

3. tldr vs tagata

O le tldr command line tool e faʻaalia ai faʻamatalaga fesoasoani faigofie e uiga i faʻatonuga, tele o faʻataʻitaʻiga. Na atiina ae e le nuu tldr itulau poloketi.

E taua le matauina o le tldr e le o se sui mo le tagata. O lo'o avea pea ma mea faigaluega fa'akomepiuta fa'apitoa ma pito sili ona atoatoa o tagata. Ae ui i lea, i nisi tulaga, e le o toe iai le tagata. Afai e te le manaʻomia faʻamatalaga manino e uiga i se faʻatonuga, o loʻo e taumafai e manatua ona faʻaoga masani. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le itulau a le tagata mo le curl command e toetoe lava 3000 laina. O le itulau tldr mo curl e 40 laina umi. O lona vaega e pei o lenei:


$ tldr curl

# curl
  Transfers data from or to a server.
  Supports most protocols, including HTTP, FTP, and POP3.
  More information: <https://curl.haxx.se>.

- Download the contents of an URL to a file:

  curl http://example.com -o filename

- Download a file, saving the output under the filename indicated by the URL:

  curl -O http://example.com/filename

- Download a file, following [L]ocation redirects, and automatically [C]ontinuing (resuming) a previous file transfer:

  curl -O -L -C - http://example.com/filename

- Send form-encoded data (POST request of type `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`):

  curl -d 'name=bob' http://example.com/form                                                                                            
- Send a request with an extra header, using a custom HTTP method:

  curl -H 'X-My-Header: 123' -X PUT http://example.com                                                                                  
- Send data in JSON format, specifying the appropriate content-type header:

  curl -d '{"name":"bob"}' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' http://example.com/users/1234

... TRUNCATED OUTPUT

TLDR o lona uiga “umi tele; e le'i faitauina": o lona uiga, o nisi tusitusiga na le amanaiaina ona o le soona tautala. O le igoa e talafeagai mo lenei meafaigaluega aua o itulau tagata, e ui ina aoga, e mafai i nisi taimi ona umi tele.

Mo Fedora, tldr na tusia i le Python. E mafai ona e faʻapipiʻiina e faʻaaoga ai le dnf manager. E masani lava, o le meafaigaluega e manaʻomia le initaneti e faʻaoga ai. Ae o le Fedora's Python client e faʻatagaina nei itulau e sii mai ma faʻapipiʻi mo avanoa tuusao.

4.jq vs sed/grep

jq o se JSON processor mo le laina poloaiga. E talitutusa ma sed poʻo grep, ae ua faʻatulagaina faʻapitoa e galue ma faʻamaumauga a le JSON. Afai o oe o se atinaʻe poʻo se pule faʻatonu e faʻaaogaina JSON i galuega i aso uma, o le meafaigaluega lea mo oe.

O le aoga sili o le jq i luga o mea faigaluega faʻapipiʻi tusitusiga e pei o le grep ma le sed o le malamalama lea i le fausaga o faʻamaumauga a le JSON, e mafai ai ona e faia ni fesili lavelave i se faʻamatalaga se tasi.

Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o loʻo e taumafai e suʻe igoa pusa i lenei faila JSON:

{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Pod",
  "metadata": {
    "labels": {
      "app": "myapp"
    },
    "name": "myapp",
    "namespace": "project1"
  },
  "spec": {
    "containers": [
      {
        "command": [
          "sleep",
          "3000"
        ],
        "image": "busybox",
        "imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent",
        "name": "busybox"
      },
      {
        "name": "nginx",
        "image": "nginx",
        "resources": {},
        "imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent"
      }
    ],
    "restartPolicy": "Never"
  }
}

Tafe le grep e suʻe le igoa string:

$ grep name k8s-pod.json
        "name": "myapp",
        "namespace": "project1"
                "name": "busybox"
                "name": "nginx",

grep toe faafoi uma laina o loʻo i ai le upu igoa. E mafai ona e fa'aopoopoina ni nai filifiliga e grep e fa'atapula'a ai, ma fa'aaoga nisi fa'amatalaga masani e su'e ai igoa o koneteina.

Ina ia maua le tali tutusa e faʻaaoga ai le jq, naʻo le tusi:

$ jq '.spec.containers[].name' k8s-pod.json
"busybox"
"nginx"

O lenei poloaiga o le a avatu ai ia te oe igoa o koneteina e lua. Afai o loʻo e suʻeina naʻo le igoa o le koneteina lona lua, faʻaopoopo le faʻailoga o le elemene elemene i le faʻamatalaga:

$ jq '.spec.containers[1].name' k8s-pod.json
"nginx"

Talu ai e iloa e le jq le faʻatulagaina o faʻamaumauga, e maua ai iʻuga tutusa e tusa lava pe suia le faila faila. grep ma sed atonu e le lelei le galue i lenei tulaga.

jq e tele galuega, ae manaʻomia se isi tusiga e faʻamatala ai. Mo nisi fa'amatalaga fa'amolemole fa'afeso'ota'i itulau o galuega faatino jq po o le tldr.

5. fd vs maua

fd o se fa'aoga faigofie i le su'esu'e aoga. Fd e le o faʻamoemoe e sui atoatoa: o loʻo i ai tulaga sili ona taatele faʻapipiʻiina e ala i le faaletonu, faʻamalamalamaina le auala lautele e galue ai ma faila.

Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, pe a suʻeina faila i totonu o le Git repository directory, fd e otometi lava ona le aofia ai faila natia ma subdirectories, e aofia ai le .git directory, ma le amanaʻiaina foʻi wildcards mai le faila .gitignore. Aotelega, e faatelevaveina su'esu'ega e ala i le toe fa'afo'i mai o fa'ai'uga talafeagai i le taumafaiga muamua.

Ona o le faaletonu, fd faia se su'esu'ega mata'itusi i totonu o le lisi o lo'o iai nei, fa'atasi ai ma lanu lanu. Ole su'esu'ega lava e tasi e fa'aaoga ai le fa'atonuga e mana'omia ai le fa'aofiina o fa'amaufa'ailoga faaopoopo ile laina fa'atonu. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, e suʻe uma faila .md (poʻo .MD) i le lisi o loʻo i ai nei, e te tusia se faʻatonuga saili e pei o lenei:

$ find . -iname "*.md"

Mo fd e pei o lenei:

$ fd .md

Ae i nisi tulaga, e manaʻomia foʻi e le fd isi filifiliga: mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, afai e te manaʻo e aofia ai faila natia ma faʻamaumauga, e tatau ona e faʻaogaina le -H filifiliga, e ui lava e masani ona le manaʻomia pe a suʻe.

E maua le fd mo le tele o tufatufaga. LinuxI Fedora, e mafai ona e faʻapipiʻiina faapenei:

$ sudo dnf install fd-find

E te le tau lafoaia se mea

E te faʻaaogaina meafaigaluega fou o le laina faʻatonuga? LinuxPe e te fa'aaogaina na'o mea tuai? Ae e foliga mai, e iai sau combo, a ea? Fa'amolemole fa'asoa mai ou aafiaga i fa'amatalaga.

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puna: www.habr.com