Talofa uma. I le afiafi o le amataga o se vaega fou kosi O loʻo matou lolomiina mea aoga na tusia e le matou tamaititi aʻoga, faʻapea foʻi ma le faufautua o vasega, faʻapitoa lagolago faʻapitoa mo REG.RU oloa kamupani - Roman Travin.
O lenei tusiga o le a iloiloina mataupu e 2 o le suia o tisiki ma le fesiitaiga o faʻamatalaga i tisiki fou e sili atu le malosi ma faʻalautele atili le faʻasologa ma faila faila. O le mataupu muamua o le a aafia ai le suia o tisiki ma le MBR / MBR poʻo le GPT / GPT vaeluaga, o le mataupu lona lua e faʻatatau i le suia o tisiki ma le MBR vaeluaga ma tisiketi e sili atu i le 2 TB, lea e te manaʻomia e faʻapipiʻi ai. se vaega GPT ma se vaega o le biosboot. I tulaga uma e lua, o tisiki matou te faʻafeiloaʻi ai faʻamatalaga ua uma ona faʻapipiʻiina i luga o le server. O le faila faila o loʻo faʻaaogaina mo le vaeluaga o aʻa o le ext4.
Tulaga 1: Suia tisiki laiti i tisiki lapopoa (e oo i le 2TB)
O se galuega: Sui tisiki o iai nei i tisiki lapopo'a (e o'o i le 2 TB) ma fa'aliliuina fa'amatalaga. I lenei tulaga, o loʻo i ai a matou tisiki 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) faʻatasi ai ma le masini faʻapipiʻi ma 2 x 1 TB SATA tisiki lea e manaʻomia ona faʻafeiloaʻi le faiga.
Se'i tatou va'ai i le fa'atulagaina o tisiki o lo'o iai nei.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Se'i o tatou siaki le avanoa fai faila o lo'o fa'aogaina nei.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,6M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0
O le tele o le faila faila aʻo leʻi suia disks o le 204 GB, 2 md126 software arrays o loʻo faʻaaogaina, lea e faʻapipiʻi i totonu. /boot и md127, lea e faʻaaogaina e pei o malosi faaletino mo VG vaega vg0.
1. Ave'esea vaega o tisiki mai arrays
Siaki le tulaga o le laina
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
O lo'o fa'aogaina e le faiga fa'asologa e 2: md126 (tulaga mauga /boot) - e aofia ai se vaega /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM mo Faafesuiaiga ma le aʻa o le faila faila) - e aofia ai /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Matou te faʻailogaina vaega o le disk muamua o loʻo faʻaaogaina i laina taʻitasi e leaga.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Matou te aveese le / dev / sda poloka poloka poloka vaega mai faʻasologa.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2A maeʻa ona matou aveese le disk mai le faʻasologa, o faʻamatalaga masini poloka o le a pei o lenei.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Tulaga o array pe a uma ona aveese tisiki.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>2. Kopi le laulau vaeluaga i se tisiki fou
E mafai ona e siakiina le laulau vaeluaga faʻaaoga i luga o le disk ma le faʻatonuga lea.
fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'
O le gaioiga mo le MBR o le:
Disk label type: dosmo GPT:
Disk label type: gpt
Kopi le laulau vaeluaga mo MBR:
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdcI lenei au muamua ua faailoa mai le tisiki с lea ua kopiina le faailoga, lona lua - o fea kopi.
FUAFUAGA: Mo GPT muamua ua faailoa mai le tisiki lea kopi fa'ailoga, tulaga lua tisiki e fa'ailoa ai le tisiki mai ai kopi fa'ailoga. Afai e te fa'afefiloi tisiki, o le vaeluaga lelei muamua o le a fa'asolo ma fa'aumatia.
Kopi le laulau fa'atulagaina mo le GPT:
sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdbO le isi, tuʻu se UUID faʻafuaseʻi i le disk (mo GPT).
sgdisk -G /dev/sdc
A maeʻa le faʻatonuga, e tatau ona faʻaalia vaega i luga o le disk /dev/sdc.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Afai, pe a uma ona faia le gaioiga, o le vaeluaga o le faiga i luga o le disk /dev/sdc e lei tonu, ona matou faia lea o le poloaiga e toe faitau le laulau vaeluaga.
sfdisk -R /dev/sdcAfai e fa'aoga e tisiki o lo'o i ai nei le laulau MBR ma fa'amatalaga e mana'omia ona tu'uina atu i tisiki e sili atu nai lo le 2 TB, ona i luga o tisiki fou e te mana'omia le faia ma le lima GPT vaeluaga e fa'aaoga ai le biosboot partition. O lenei mataupu o le a talanoaina i le Vaega 2 o lenei tusiga.
3. Fa'aopoopoina vaega o le tisiki fou i le fa'asologa
Se'i o tatou fa'aopoopoina vaeluaga tisiki i fa'asologa tutusa.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2Matou te siaki ua faaopoopo vaega.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk A maeʻa lenei, matou te faʻatali mo faʻasologa e faʻafetaui.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[==>..................] recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
E mafai ona e mataʻituina pea le faagasologa o le synchronization e faʻaaoga ai le aoga watch.
watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat
Parakalafa -n fa'ailoa mai po'o a va i sekone e tatau ona fa'atino ai le fa'atonuga e siaki ai le alualu i luma.
Toe fai laasaga 1 - 3 mo le isi tisiki sui.
Matou te faʻailogaina vaega o le disk lona lua o loʻo faʻaaogaina i laina taʻitasi e leaga.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ave'ese vaega poloka poloka /dev/sdb mai arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2A maeʻa ona matou aveese le disk mai le faʻasologa, o faʻamatalaga masini poloka o le a pei o lenei.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Tulaga o array pe a uma ona aveese tisiki.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Kopi le laulau vaeluaga MBR mai le tisiki /dev/sdс i tisiki /dev/sdd.
sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd
A maeʻa le faʻatonuga, e tatau ona faʻaalia vaega i luga o le disk /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part Fa'aopoopoina vase tisiki i arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2Matou te siaki ua faaopoopo vaega.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]A maeʻa lenei, matou te faʻatali mo faʻasologa e faʻafetaui.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
5. Fa'apipi'i GRUB i ta'avale fou
Mo CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXmo Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
le mea X — mataitusi o le masini poloka. I lenei tulaga, e tatau ona e faʻapipiʻi GRUB i luga /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
6. Fa'alautele faiga faila (ext4) o le vaeluaga a'a
I luga o tisiki fou /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB avanoa. Ona o le mea moni o le laulau vaeluaga na kopiina mai tisiki laiti, o vaega /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 222.5 GB avanoa.
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]E tatau:
- Fa'alautele le vaeluaga 2 i luga o tisiki ta'itasi,
- Fa'alautele le laiga md127,
- Fa'atele le PV (volo fa'aletino),
- Fa'alautele le LV (logical-volume) vg0-root,
- Fa'alautele le faiga faila.
Faʻaaogaina le aoga vavae tatou faalautele le vaega /dev/sdc2 i le tau maualuga. Faatino le poloaiga parted /dev/sdc (1) ma vaʻai i le laulau vaeluaga o loʻo iai nei ma le faʻatonuga p (2).
E pei ona mafai ona e vaʻaia, o le pito o le vaeluaga 2 e muta ile 240 GB. Tatou fa'alautele le vaeluaga ma le fa'atonuga resizepart 2, o le 2 o le numera o le vaega (3). Matou te faʻaalia le tau i le numera numera, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga 1000 GB, poʻo le faʻaogaina o le faʻailoga o le faʻasalalauga faʻasalalau - 100%. Matou te toe siaki o le vaeluaga o loʻo i ai le tele fou (4).
Toe fai laasaga i luga mo le tisiki /dev/sdd. A maeʻa ona faʻalauteleina vaega /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 na tutusa ma le 930.5 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]A maeʻa lenei mea matou te faʻalauteleina le laina Md127 i le maualuga.
mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=maxMatou te siaki ua faʻalauteleina le faʻasologa. O lea la ua avea lona telē ma 930.4 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Fa'alautele le fa'aopoopoga malosi faaletino. Aʻo leʻi faʻalauteleina, seʻi o tatou siaki le tulaga o iai nei o le PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
E pei ona vaaia, PV /dev/md127 fa'aoga 222.4 GB avanoa.
Matou te faʻalauteleina le PV i le faʻatonuga lea.
pvresize /dev/md127Siaki le taunuuga o le faʻalauteleina o le PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Fa'alautele leo talafeagai. A'o le'i fa'alautele, se'i o tatou siaki le tulaga o iai nei o le LV (1).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit
LV /dev/vg0/root fa'aaoga le 206.41 GB.
Matou te faʻalauteleina le LV ma le faʻatonuga (2).
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-rootMatou te siakiina le gaioiga ua maeʻa (3).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit
E pei ona mafai ona e vaʻaia, ina ua uma ona faʻalauteleina le LV, o le aofaʻi o le avanoa faʻapipiʻi na avea ma 914.39 GB.
Ua faateleina le voluma LV (4), ae o loʻo nofoia pea le faila faila 204 GB (5).
1. Tatou fa'alautele le faiga faila.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-rootA maeʻa le faʻatonuga, matou te siakiina le tele o le faila faila.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,5M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 900G 1,3G 860G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0Ole tele ole faila faila ole a faʻateleina ile 900 GB. A maeʻa laasaga, e mafai ona e aveese tisiki tuai.
Tulaga 2: Suia tisiki laiti i tisiki lapopoa (sili atu i le 2TB)
Tofiga: Sui tisiki o iai nei i tisiki lapopoa (2 x 3TB) a'o fa'asaoina fa'amatalaga. I lenei tulaga, o loʻo i ai a matou 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) disks faʻatasi ai ma le faʻapipiʻiina ma le 2 x 3 TB SATA disks lea e manaʻomia ai le faʻaogaina o le polokalama. O tisiki nei o lo'o fa'aogaina le laulau vaeluaga MBR. Talu ai o tisiki fou e iai le malosi e sili atu i le 2 TB, latou te manaʻomia le faʻaogaina o se laulau GPT, talu ai e le mafai e le MBR ona galue i tisiketi e sili atu i le 2 TB.
Se'i tatou va'ai i le fa'atulagaina o tisiki o lo'o iai nei.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Sei o tatou siaki le laulau vaeluaga o loʻo faʻaaogaina i luga o le disk /dev/sda.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos
I luga o le tisiki /dev/sdb o lo'o fa'aogaina se laulau vaeluaga tutusa. Sei o tatou siaki le avanoa tisiki faʻaaogaina i luga ole faiga.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,5M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0E pei ona mafai ona e vaʻaia, o le aʻa o le faila faila e maua le 204 GB. Sei o tatou siaki le tulaga oi ai nei o le polokalame RAID array.
1. Fa'apipi'i se laulau vaeluaga GPT ma va'aiga tisiki
Se'i o tatou siaki le fa'atulagaina o le tisiki i vaega.
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Тип Файловая система Флаги
1 1049kB 1076MB 1075MB primary загрузочный, raid
2 1076MB 240GB 239GB primary raid
I luga o le tisiki fou 3TB tatou te manaʻomia le faia o ni vaega se 3:
- Fuaiupu
bios_grub2MiB tele mo le GPT BIOS fetaui, - O le vaeluaga mo le RAID array o le a faʻapipiʻi i totonu
/boot. - Le vaeluaga mo le RAID array o le ai ai LV a'a и LV fesuiai.
Fa'apipi'i le aoga vavae 'au yum install -y parted (mo CentOS), apt install -y parted (mo Debian/Ubuntu).
Faʻaaogaina vavae Se'i tatou fa'agasolo tulafono nei e vaelua ai le tisiki.
Faatino le poloaiga parted /dev/sdc ma alu i le fa'asologa o le fa'atulagaina o tisiki.
Fausia se laulau vaeluaga GPT.
(parted) mktable gpt
Fausia 1 vaega bios_grub vaega ma seti se fu'a mo ai.
(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on
Fausia le vaeluaga 2 ma seti se fu'a mo ia. O le vaeluaga o le a faʻaaogaina e fai ma poloka mo se RAID array ma faʻapipiʻi i totonu /boot.
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot onMatou te fatuina le vaeluaga 3, lea o le a faʻaaogaina foi o se poloka poloka lea o le a tu ai le LVM.
(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100% I lenei tulaga, e le manaʻomia le setiina o le fuʻa, ae afai e manaʻomia, e mafai ona faʻatulagaina i le poloaiga lenei.
(parted) set 3 raid onMatou te siaki le laulau na faia.
(parted) p
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Файловая система Имя Флаги
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 1077MB 1074MB primary загрузочный
3 1077MB 3001GB 3000GB primary
Matou te tuʻuina atu se GUID faʻafuaseʻi fou i le disk.
sgdisk -G /dev/sdd
2. Aveese vaega o le tisiki muamua mai arrays
Siaki le tulaga o le laina
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
O lo'o fa'aogaina e le faiga 2 arrays: md126 (mount point / boot) - e aofia ai /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM mo swap ma le aʻa o le faila faila) - e aofia ai /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Matou te faʻailogaina vaega o le disk muamua o loʻo faʻaaogaina i laina taʻitasi e leaga.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Ave'ese vaega poloka poloka /dev/sda mai arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2
Siaki le tulaga o le laina pe a uma ona aveese le disk.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
3. Fa'aopoopoina vaega o le tisiki fou i le fa'asologa
O le isi laasaga o le faʻaopoopoina o vaega o le tisiki fou i faʻasologa mo le faʻatasi. Se'i tatou va'ai i le tulaga o lo'o iai nei o le fa'atulagaina o tisiki.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Fuaiupu /dev/sdc1 o bios_grub vaega ma e le o aafia i le fausiaina o arrays. O fa'asologa o le a fa'aaogaina /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. Matou te fa'aopoopoina vaega nei i fa'asologa tutusa.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3Ona tatou fa'atali lea mo le laina e fa'amaopoopo.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Vaevae tisiki pe a uma ona fa'aopoopo vaega i le fa'asologa.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk 4. Ave'esea vaega o le tisiki lona lua mai arrays
Matou te faʻailogaina vaega o le disk lona lua o loʻo faʻaaogaina i laina taʻitasi e leaga.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ave'ese vaega poloka poloka /dev/sda mai arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2
5. Kopi le laulau fa'atulagaina GPT ma fa'amaopoopo le fa'asologa
Ina ia kopi le laulau faʻailoga GPT o le a matou faʻaogaina le aoga sgdisk, lea o loʻo aofia i totonu o le afifi mo le galue i vaeluaga o disk ma se laulau GPT - gdisk.
faatulagaga gdisk mo CentOS:
yum install -y gdisk
faatulagaga gdisk mo Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install -y gdiskFUAFUAGA: Mo GPT muamua ua faailoa mai le tisiki lea kopi le faailoga tulaga lua tisiki e fa'ailoa ai le tisiki mai ai kopi le faailoga. Afai e te fa'afefiloi tisiki, o le vaeluaga lelei muamua o le a fa'asolo ma fa'aumatia.
Kopi le laulau fa'ailoga GPT.
sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
Vaevaeina o tisiki pe a uma ona fesiitai se laulau i le tisiki /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part Le isi, matou te faʻaopoopoina vaega taʻitasi o loʻo auai i polokalame RAID arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3O loʻo matou faʻatali mo le faʻasologa e faʻatasi.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>A maeʻa ona kopiina le GPT partition i le disk fou lona lua, o le vaeluaga o le a pei o lenei.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Le isi, faʻapipiʻi le GRUB i luga o tisiki fou.
Fa'atonu mo CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXFa'atonu mo Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
le mea X — tusi ave taavale, i lo matou tulaga ave taavale /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
Matou te faʻafouina faʻamatalaga e uiga i le array.
Mo CentOS:
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.confmo Debian/Ubuntu:
echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Fa'afouina le ata initrd:
Mo CentOS:
dracut -f -v --regenerate-allmo Debian/Ubuntu:
update-initramfs -u -k allMatou te faʻafouina le GRUB configuration.
Mo CentOS:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
mo Debian/Ubuntu:
update-grubA maeʻa laasaga, e mafai ona aveese tisiki tuai.
6. Fa'alautele faiga faila (ext4) o le vaeluaga a'a
Vaevaeina o tisiki a'o le'i fa'alauteleina le faiga o faila pe a mae'a ona fa'asolo le faiga ile 2 x 3TB tisiki (RAID-1).
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
O vaega nei /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 nofo 2.7 TB. Talu ai na matou fatuina se faʻasologa fou o le disk ma se laulau GPT, o le tele o le vaeluaga 3 na vave faʻatulagaina i le maualuga avanoa avanoa; i lenei tulaga, e leai se manaʻoga e faʻalautele le vaeluaga.
E tatau:
- Fa'alautele le laiga md126,
- Fa'atele le PV (volo fa'aletino),
- Fa'alautele le LV (logical-volume) vg0-root,
- Fa'alautele le faiga faila.
1. Faalautele le laina md126 i le maualuga.
mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max
A maeʻa le faʻalauteleina o array md126 o le tele o le avanoa nofoia ua faateleina i le 2.7 TB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Fa'alautele malosi faaletino.
Aʻo leʻi faʻalauteleina, siaki le tau o loʻo i ai nei o le avanoa avanoa PV /dev/md126.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- 222,40g 0 Matou te faʻalauteleina le PV i le faʻatonuga lea.
pvresize /dev/md126
Matou te siakiina le gaioiga ua maeʻa.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- <2,73t 2,51tFa'alautele fua fa'atatau vg0-a'a.
A uma ona fa'alautele le PV, se'i o tatou siaki le avanoa VG.
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 2 0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51tSei o tatou siaki le avanoa o lo'o nofoia e LV.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g Ole vg0-root volume e nofo i le 206.41 GB.
Matou te faʻalauteleina le LV i le avanoa sili ona maualuga.
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root Siaki le avanoa LV pe a uma le faʻalauteleina.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 2,71t
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00gFa'alautele le faiga faila (ext4).
Se'i o tatou siaki le tele o lo'o iai nei le faiga faila.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,4G 192G 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Ole voluma /dev/mapper/vg0-root e nofo i le 204 GB pe a uma le faʻalauteleina o le LV.
Fa'alautele le faiga faila.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root
Siaki le tele o le faila faila pe a uma ona faʻalauteleina.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 2,7T 1,4G 2,6T 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0
O le tele o le faila faila ua faʻateleina e ufiufi ai le voluma atoa.
puna: www.habr.com