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Debian 10 "Buster" faʻamalolo

Ina ua mavae le lua tausaga o atinae na tupu tatala Debian GNU / Linux 10.0 (Buster), avanoa mo le to'asefulu lagolago aloaia tusiata fale: Intel IA-32/x86 (i686), AMD64 / x86-64, ARM EABI (auupega), 64-bit ARM (arm64), ARMv7 (armhf), MIPS (mips, mipsel, mips64el), PowerPC 64 (ppc64el) ma le IBM System z (s390x). O faʻafouga mo Debian 10 o le a tuʻuina atu i luga ole vaitaimi ole 5 tausaga.

O le fale teu oloa o loʻo i ai le 57703 binary packages, e tusa ma le 6 afe sili atu nai lo le mea na ofoina atu i le Debian 9. Faʻatusatusa i Debian 9, 13370 fou binary packages ua faʻaopoopoina, 7278 (13%) ua le toe aoga pe lafoai afifi ua aveese, 35532 (62). %) afifi ua toe faafou . Mo le 91.5% o afifi saunia lagolago mo le toe faʻaleleia o fale, lea e mafai ai ona e faʻamaonia o le faila faila e fausia saʻo mai le faʻamatalaga faʻapogai tulafono ma e le o iai ni suiga tetele, o le suitulaga, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, e mafai ona faia e ala i le osofaʻia o faʻalapotopotoga faʻapitoa poʻo faʻailoga tusi i totonu o le tuʻufaʻatasia. .

mo downloadga avanoa ata DVD e mafai ona la'uina mai HTTP, jigdo poʻo BitTorrent. E faapena foi faia O se ata fa'apipi'i lē sa'oloto e aofia ai firmware fa'apitoa. Fuafuaina mo amd64 ma i386 fausaga USB ola, avanoa ile GNOME, KDE ma le Xfce flavors, faʻapea foʻi ma le tele-arch DVD o loʻo tuʻufaʻatasia afifi mo le amd64 platform faʻatasi ai ma afifi faaopoopo mo le fausaga o le i386. Faʻaopoopo le lagolago mo ata na sii mai i luga o le upega tafailagi (netboot) mo kata SD ma ata e fetaui ile 16 GB USB Flash;

Ki suiga i Debian 10.0:

  • Fa'atinoina lagolago mo le UEFI Secure Boot, lea e faʻaaogaina le Shim boot loader, faʻamaonia ma se saini numera mai Microsoft (shim-signed), faʻatasi ma le faʻamaonia o le grub kernel ma le boot loader (grub-efi-amd64-signed) e le poloketi a le tagata lava ia. tusi faamaonia (shim e fai o se laulau mo le tufatufaina e faʻaaoga ai ana lava ki). O pusa saini-simi ma grub-efi-ARCH-saini o loʻo aofia ai e fausia faʻalagolago mo amd64, i386 ma arm64. O le bootloader ma grub, faʻamaonia e se tusi faigaluega, o loʻo aofia i ata EFI mo amd64, i386 ma le arm64. Sei o tatou manatua o le lagolago a Secure Boot na muamua faʻamoemoeina i le Debian 9, ae e leʻi faʻamautuina aʻo leʻi faʻamalolo ma tolopoina seʻia oʻo i le isi faʻasalalauga tele o le tufatufaga;
  • E mafai e ala i le faaletonu o le lagolago mo le AppArmor faʻatonuina le faʻaogaina o le faʻaogaina o le polokalama, lea e mafai ai e oe ona pulea le mana o gaioiga e ala i le faʻamalamalamaina o lisi o faila ma aia tatau (faitau, tusitusi, faʻafanua manatua ma tamoe, setiina se loka faila, ma isi) mo taʻitasi. talosaga, faʻapea foʻi ma le faʻatonutonuina o fesoʻotaʻiga (mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, faʻasa le faʻaogaina o le ICMP) ma pulea le gafatia POSIX. O le eseesega tele i le va o AppArmor ma SELinux o le SELinux o loʻo faʻaogaina i luga o igoa e fesoʻotaʻi ma se mea, aʻo AppArmor e fuafua faʻatagaga e faʻavae i luga o le ala faila, lea e matua faafaigofieina ai le faʻatulagaina o faʻasologa. O le afifi autu ma AppArmor e tuʻuina atu ai faʻamatalaga puipuiga mo naʻo nisi o talosaga, ma mo isi e tatau ona e faʻaogaina le apparmor-profiles-faʻapipiʻi faaopoopo poʻo faʻamatalaga mai faʻamatalaga faʻapitoa;
  • Suia iptables, ip6tables, arptables ma ebtables sau nftables packet filter, lea ua le mafai nei ma ua lauiloa mo le tuufaatasia o fesoʻotaʻiga faʻapipiʻi pepa mo IPv4, IPv6, ARP ma alalaupapa fesoʻotaʻiga. O Nftables e maua ai na'o se feso'ota'iga lautele, tuto'atasi tuto'atasi i le tulaga o le fatu e maua ai galuega fa'avae mo le su'eina o fa'amaumauga mai fa'amaumauga, fa'atinoina o fa'amaumauga, ma le pulea o le tafe. O le faʻavasegaina o manatu lava ia ma tagata faʻapitoa faʻapitoa e tuʻufaʻatasia i le bytecode i avanoa faʻaoga, a maeʻa ona utaina lenei bytecode i totonu o le fatu e faʻaaoga ai le Netlink interface ma faʻatinoina i totonu o se masini faʻapitoa faʻapitoa e manatua ai le BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters);

    Ona o le faaletonu, ua faʻapipiʻi le pusa iptables-nft, lea e ofoina atu ai se seti o mea aoga e faʻamautinoa ai le fetaui ma iptables, e tutusa le faʻatonuga laina laina, ae faʻaliliu tulafono e maua i le nf_tables bytecode, faʻatino i le masini masini. O le iptables-legacy package e mafai ona avanoa mo le faʻapipiʻiina, e aofia ai fa'atinoga tuai e fa'atatau i x_tables. iptables executables ua faʻapipiʻi nei i / usr / sbin nai lo / sbin (symlinks ua faia mo le fetaui);

  • Mo le APT, o lo'o fa'atinoina se faiga tu'ufua o le sandbox, fa'aaga e ala i le filifiliga APT::Sandbox::Seccomp ma tu'uina atu le fa'amamaina o telefoni fa'aoga ile seccomp-BPF. Ina ia fa'alelei le lisi papa'e ma le uliuli o le telefoni feavea'i, e mafai ona e fa'aogaina le lisi APT :: Sandbox :: Seccomp :: Mailei ma APT :: Sandbox :: Seccomp :: Fa'ataga;
  • Linux kernel faʻafouina ile version 4.19;
  • O le GNOME desktop ua suia i Wayland ona o le faaletonu, ma o le X server-based session ua ofoina atu o se filifiliga (X server o loʻo aofia pea o se vaega o le pusa autu). Fa'afou fa'aputu ata ma si'osi'omaga fa'aoga: GNOME 3.30, KDE Plasma 5.14, Kinamoni 3.8, LXDE 0.99.2, LXQt 0.14, MATE 1.20, ma le Xfce 4.12. Office suite LibreOffice faʻafouina e faʻamalolo 6.1, ma Calligra aʻo leʻi faʻamalolo 3.1. Faʻafouina Evolution 3.30, GIMP 2.10.8, Inkscape 0.92.4, Vim 8.1;
  • O le tufatufaga e aofia ai le tuʻufaʻatasia mo le gagana Rust (Rustc 1.34 ua tuʻuina atu). Fa'afouina GCC 8.3, LLVM/Clang 7.0.1, OpenJDK 11, Perl 5.28, PHP 7.3, Python 3.7.2;
  • Ua toe faʻafouina talosaga a le server, e aofia ai Apache httpd 2.4.38, BIND 9.11, Dovecot 2.3.4, Exim 4.92, Postfix 3.3.2, MariaDB 10.3, nginx 1.14, PostgreSQL 11, Samba 4.9 (SMBv3 lagolago);
  • I le cryptsetup faatino suiga i le LUKS2 disk encryption format (muamua LUKS1 sa faaaogaina). LUKS2 e iloga i se faiga faʻaoga faigofie, o le mafai ona faʻaogaina vaega tetele (4096 nai lo le 512, faʻaitiitia le uta i le taimi o le decryption), faʻailoga faʻailoga faʻailoga (igoa) ma meafaigaluega faʻapipiʻi metadata ma le gafatia e toe faʻafoʻisia mai ai mai se kopi pe afai ua iloa le faaleagaina. O le faagasologa o le faʻaleleia o le a otometi lava ona faʻaliliu vaega LUKS1 o loʻo i ai nei i se LUKS2 faʻatulagaina faʻatulagaina, ae ona o le faʻatapulaʻaina o le ulutala, e le o avanoa fou uma ia i latou;
  • Ua faʻaopoopoina e le faʻapipiʻi le mafai ona faʻaogaina le tele o faʻamafanafanaga i le taimi e tasi i le taimi o le faʻapipiʻiina. Ua aveese le lagolago a ReiserFS. Faʻaopoopo le lagolago mo le ZSTD compression (libzstd) mo Btrfs. Faʻaopoopo le lagolago mo masini NVMe;
  • I le debootstrap, o le "-merged-usr" filifiliga e mafai ona o le le mafai, lea e mafai ai ona faʻaogaina faila uma ma faletusi mai le root directory e faʻafeiloaʻi i le / usr partition (le / bin, / sbin ma / lib * directories ua mamanuina e pei feso'ota'iga fa'atusa i tusi fa'atatau i totonu /usr). O le suiga e fa'atatau i na'o mea fou fa'apipi'i, o le fa'asologa tuai o le lisi o lo'o fa'atumauina i le faagasologa o le fa'afouga;
  • I totonu o le pusa faʻaleleia e leʻi vaʻaia, faʻaopoopo i le faʻapipiʻiina otometi faʻafouga e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻamutaina o faʻafitauli, faʻaleleia i faʻasalalauga vavalalata (Debian 10.1, 10.2, ma isi) ua mafai nei foi ona faʻaogaina;
  • O vaega o faiga lomitusi ua faafou i IPU 2.2.10 ma ipu-filters 1.21.6 faʻatasi ai ma le lagolago atoatoa mo AirPrint, DNS-SD (Bonjour) ma IPP Soo se mea mo le lolomiina e aunoa ma le faʻapipiʻiina muamua o avetaavale;
  • Faʻaopoopo lagolago mo laupapa faʻavae i luga ole Allwinner A64 processors, e pei ole FriendlyARM NanoPi A64, Olimex A64-OLinuXino, TERES-A64, PINE64 PINE A64/A64/A64-LTS, SOPINE, Pinebook, SINOVOIP Banana Pi BPI-M64 ma Xunlong Orange Pi Win ( Faaopoopo);
  • Ole numera o med-* metapackages e lagolagoina e le Debian Med team ua faʻalauteleina, faʻatagaina oe e faʻapipiʻi polokalame filifiliafeso'ota'i ma le biology ma vaila'au;
  • Lagolago mo Xen malo faiga i le PVH mode ua saunia;
  • OpenSSL e le lagolagoina TLS 1.0 ma 1.1 protocols, TLS 1.2 ua fa'ailoa mai o le la'ititi la'ititi la'ititi lagolago;
  • O le tele o pusa tuai ma le le tausia ua aveese, e aofia ai Qt 4 (naʻo Qt 5 o totoe), phpmyadmin, ipsec-tools, racoon, ssmtp, ecryptfs-utils, mcelog, faʻaaliga. Debian 11 o le a faʻamutaina le lagolago mo Python 2;
  • Ua fausia se uafu mo le 64-bit RISC-V architecture, lea e le o lagolagoina aloaia i Debian 10. I le taimi nei, mo RISC-Vfa'atasi ma le manuia e tusa ma le 90% o le aofaʻi atoa o afifi;
  • O se faʻapipiʻi faʻapipiʻi tutoʻatasi na amata ona faʻaaogaina i siosiomaga Live Calamares faʻatasi ai ma le Qt-based interface, lea e faʻaaogaina foi e faʻapipiʻi ai le faʻapipiʻiina o Manjaro, Sabayon, Chakra, NetRunner, KaOS, OpenMandriva ma KDE neon tufatufaga. O faʻapipiʻi faʻapipiʻi masani e faʻaauau pea ona faʻaogaina le debian-installer.

    I le faaopoopo atu i mea na maua muamua, o le Live environment ma le LXQt desktop ma le Live environment e aunoa ma se faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻi, naʻo faʻatasi ai ma faʻamafanafanaga faʻaoga e fausia ai le faiga faavae, ua faia. O le console Live environment e mafai ona faʻaogaina e faʻapipiʻi vave ai se tufatufaga, talu ai, e le pei o ata faʻapipiʻi masani, o se fasi pepa ua saunia e kopiina, e aunoa ma le tatalaina o afifi taʻitasi e faʻaaoga ai le dpkg.

puna: opennet.ru

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