Citizenship nekudyara: ungatenga sei pasipoti? (Chikamu 1 che3)

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuwana pasipoti yechipiri. Kana iwe uchida iyo inokurumidza uye yakapusa sarudzo, shandisa chizvarwa nekudyara. Iyi yezvikamu zvitatu-zvikamu zvakatevedzana zvezvinyorwa zvinopa gwara rakazara revanhu vekuRussia, Belarusian uye vekuUkraine vangade kunyorera hupfumi hwenyika. Nerubatsiro rwayo, unogona kuona kuti chizvarwa chemari chii, chii chainopa, kupi uye kuti ungaiwana sei, uye kuti ndeipi pasipoti yemubhadharisi ichave yakanakira mumwe munhu.

Pakusvika kune nyanzvi mumunda wekutama kwekudyara, vanhu vazhinji vanoita sekunge vari kutaurirana nemasainzi e rocket. Ruzivo rwuri pazasi runogona kunzwika sezviri mukati mebhuku resainzi rekutanga.

Asi hapana achakutumira kumwedzi. Pane kudaro, takaita basa redu rekukubatsira kuenda kwauchazobatwa zvakanyanya, kuwedzera rusununguko rwako uye kukura nekuchengetedza hupfumi hwako.

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvakanyanya zvinogona kushandiswa kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi ipasipoti yekuwedzera. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti kuva nemuunganidzwa wemapasipoti zvinogoneka chete muchokwadi chezvinyorwa zvevasori, umo vatambi vakaita saJason Bourne naJames Bond vanofamba kutenderera pasirese vaine gumi nemaviri magwaro akadaro uye nemari yakawanda.

Mazuva ano, kuunganidzwa kwepasipoti haisisiri kodzero yemagamba enganonyorwa dzevasori - dziri kuramba dzichionekwa muhomwe dzevemabhizinesi vakabudirira, vanoisa mari uye vamwe vanhuwo zvavo vane pfungwa dzepasirese.

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuwana pasipoti yechipiri, asi nzira inokurumidza ndeye "kutenga" imwe chete. Hongu, unoverenga zvakanaka. Iyi nzira inogona kunzi "kutenga pasipoti", "vagari vehupfumi" kana "vagari vemo nekudyara" - mazwi ese aya anoreva chinhu chimwe chete.

Dzimwe hurumende dzakada kukupa iwe chizvarwa uye pasipoti mukati memwedzi nehafu kana gore (zvichienderana nenyika inotambira) mukutsinhana nekudyara kwakakura kana mipiro muhupfumi hwavo. Inonzwika inonakidza? Verenga! Ichi chinyorwa chichabata misoro inotevera uye chinopindura mibvunzo inotevera:

• Chii chinonzi mugari wehupfumi?
• Nzira yekuziva sei kuti nyika inopa hukama nekudyara?
• Ko yechipiri pasipoti inopa chii kune investor?
• Citizenship by investment haifanire kuvhiringwa neizvi...

Chii chinonzi mugari wehupfumi?

Usati wanyorera pasipoti yechipiri uye chizvarwa chemari, unofanirwa kunzwisisa izvo zvekutanga. Chekutanga, chii chinonzi Citizenship? Muchidimbu, ugari hwemunyika ndiwo mufananidzo wechibvumirano chekugarisana: chibvumirano pakati pevanhu uye nzanga kuti vashande pamwe chete kuti vabatsirikane.

Muhukama hwehukama uhwu, mugari anogamuchira mamwe mabasa akadai sekuteerera mutemo, kubhadhara mutero, uye kushanda muchiuto. Mukudzoka, hurumende inomupa kodzero dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kodzero yekuvhota uye kushanda munharaunda yayo.

Muzana remakore rapfuura, nyika dzakawana imwezve kodzero: kodzero yekurambidza kufamba-famba kwevanhu. Sezvo nyika yave kushanduka uye ichiwedzera kubatana, nyika dzave kuvimba nemapasipoti kutonga kuti ndiani anogona kupinda nekusiya nharaunda yadzo.

Nekuda kweizvi, pasipoti yave chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha izvo hurumende inogona kupa mugari mukutsinhana nemupiro wake munzanga. Mapasipoti anobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana anosiyana mukubatsira kwawo kune vafambi, mukurumbira uye mamwe ma parameter - sekungofanana nekodzero uye mabasa emugari anosiyana kune imwe nhanho zvichienderana nenyika.

Pachivanhu, ugari hwemunyika hwaipiwa kuburikidza nekuzvarwa, kugarisana, uye kuroorana. Dzimwe nguva yaipihwa kune zvakakosha mundima yetsika, mitambo kana sainzi. Asi muna 1984, zvinhu zvose zvakashanduka: zvakave zvichiita kukurumidza kuwana vagari venyika nekudyara.

Rimwe remabasa makuru emugari nderekubatsira muhupfumi hwenyika yehugari hwake. Nyika zhinji dzeWestern Bloc dzinowanzoshandisa zvisizvo kodzero yekumanikidza basa rakadaro nekuda kubhadharwa kwemitero yakakwira.

Asi hadzisi nyika dzese dzakaita seizvi. Nyika dzemutero wakaderera dzinopa hugari hwehupfumi dzakasarudza kuti vanhu vanopa mupiro wakakura kuhupfumi hwavo kuburikidza nekudzoserwa kwemakore akawanda ekudyara kana mari yenguva imwe chete vakazadzisa basa iri uye nekudaro vanokodzera kuve vagari.

Nokudaro, hugari hwehupfumi inzira inokosha iyo munhu anogona kukodzera kuwana pasipoti yechipiri nekudyara mune imwe nzvimbo. Yakagadzirirwa vanhu vakapfuma vanoda kukurumidza kuwana hugari hwechipiri uye pasipoti yechipiri, kana kunyange vagari vakawanda uye muunganidzwa wepasipoti.

Nzira yekuziva sei kuti nyika inopa hukama nekudyara?

Haasi ese mapurogiramu ehugari hwehupfumi anosikwa akaenzana. Izvi zvinowanzokonzera kuvhiringika kuti ndezvipi zvirongwa zviri pamutemo. Ngatijekese. Pane maitiro mashanu chete aunoda kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti uone kana imwe nzvimbo yekutonga inopa zviri pamutemo hugari hunobhadharwa:

1. Kurumidza kubuda: Kune dzimwe nzira dzekuwana imwe pasipoti isingadhure sevagari vehupfumi, asi inoda nguva yakawanda nesimba pane yako. The advantage of citizenship neinvestment ndeyokuti inzira inokurumidza. Malta ndiyo chete nyika inopa vagari nekudyara uye inoda kumirira pasipoti kweanopfuura gore. Mune dzimwe nyika dzese dzakakodzera, maitiro anotora nyaya yemwedzi.
2. Commoditization: Mamiriro ekutengeserana eugari hwese nemapurogiramu ekudyara zvinoreva kuti chero munhu, zvisinei nenyika yake, chitendero kana hunyanzvi hwemutauro, anogona kuve mugari wehupfumi. Kunyangwe uchibva kuPakistan kana United States of America, unogona kuwana pasipoti yeDominica nemutengo mumwe chete. Uye zviremera zvemunharaunda zvinogamuchira chero mukwikwidzi ane hushamwari hwakaenzana kana vakapasa hunyanzvi. Musiyano chete ndewekuti zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba (mavhiki akati wandei) kuvheneka munyoreri wePakistan pane zvazvinoita kuongorora kuvimbika kwemunyoreri weUS. Kunze kwaizvozvo, havana basa kuti unobva kupi. Ingobhadhara uye ugamuchire pasipoti yako.
3. Mamiriro ezvinhu: Chero kuve mugari nehurongwa hwekudyara hunofanirwa kuve nechimiro chakajeka. Izvi zvinoreva mari dzakatarwa dzekudyara uye nzira yakajeka yepasipoti yako. Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvinoshanda senge chero bhizinesi renguva dzose. Naizvozvo, chero nyika inopa "yakasviba" nzira kune yechipiri pasipoti inogona kunge inowira mune rakasiyana chikamu.
4. Mutemo: Izvi zvinoratidzika sezviri pachena, asi hukama hwechokwadi nehurongwa hwekudyara hunofanirwa kuve hwakanyorwa zvakajeka, kana zvisiri muBumbiro rekutonga kweanotambira, ipapo mumitemo yayo yekubvakacha.
5. unyore: Nyika zhinji dzinopa vagari vehupfumi hazvidi kuti vavhoti vatame kana kugara munharaunda yavo (kunze kweAntigua, Malta, Kupro neTurkey). Hapana nyika yakadai inosungira vamiriri kutaura mutauro wayo wepamutemo, kubhadhara mutero kuhomwe yayo, kana kuzadzisa chero zvimwe zvinodiwa kunze kwekupa mari uye humbowo hwekuteerera mutemo.

Ko yechipiri pasipoti inopa chii kune investor?

Zvino ngatitarisei mabhenefiti aunogona kuwana nekunyorera chizvarwa chehupfumi.

• Chechipiri pasipoti yehupenyu: Alternative citizenship inogona kuvimbiswa kushandiswa kwehupenyu hwese, kana iwe ukasapara chero mhosva dzakakomba uye usinga shatise chifananidzo chenyika yako nyowani neimwe nzira.
• Hugari hutsva hwemhuri yese: Kwete chete munyoreri mukuru anogona kugamuchira pasipoti nyowani uye chizvarwa nekudyara. Kana mukwikwidzi asiri munhu mumwechete, asi murume wemhuri, anogona kusanganisira mukadzi wake nevana muchikumbiro. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira vabereki nevanun'una kuti vawedzerwe pachikumbiro.
• Instant passport pasina kuwedzera kushanda: Unogona kuwana pasipoti yechipiri kuburikidza nekudyara mune zvishoma seimwe nehafu kusvika kumwedzi gumi nembiri (zvichienderana nehutongi). Vanhu vakapfuma vane hutano hwakanaka uye vane mukurumbira wakachena vanogona kushandisa nzira iri nyore yekuwana gwaro iri. Kazhinji hapana chikonzero chekufamba kuenda kana kugara munzvimbo yevaenzi.
• Hugari hutsva nekuda kwekuramba kuri nyore kwezvino: Pasipoti nyowani yemubhadharisi inogona kushandiswa kuramba chizvarwa chako uye kuchengetedza mutero, kudzivirira kunyoreswa muchiuto, kana kugadzirisa chero mamwe matambudziko.
• Ropafadzo dzevashanyi: Visa-yemahara yekuwana kuUK, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore, Central neSouth America neSoutheast Asia, pamwe neEU Schengen nyika (kana kunyange kodzero yekusununguka kufamba mukati meSchengen) zvese zvinogona kuwanikwa nekunyorera hukama hwehupfumi. .
• Kuronga mutero: Kuva mugari nekudyara hakuzongo shandura chimiro chako chemutero, asi kana uchida kunakidzwa nemararamiro emahara, inhanho yekutanga yakanaka. Sezvo wakagara munyika inogamuchirwa kwegore rose uye uchive mugari wemari, unogona kudzivirira kubhadhara mutero wemari yako pamari inowanikwa kubva pasirese (inoenderana nevaridzi vepasipoti veSt. Kitts, Vanuatu neAntigua).
• Inishuwarenzi yakanakisisa: Kana iwe uchida chirongwa chakanakisa "B", ipapo "kutenga" pasipoti ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka sarudzo. Nekunyorera kuti uve mugari wezvehupfumi, unogamuchira yekupedzisira inishuwarenzi uye chishandiso chakavimbika chekusiyanisa njodzi dzegeopolitical.

Citizenship by investment haifanire kuvhiringwa neizvi...

Haasi ese mabhenefiti akanyorwa pamusoro angave anofarira kune mumwe mumiriri, asi vasina kutendeseka vamiririri vekune dzimwe nyika havatarise izvi, vachikanganwa nezvemaitiro emunhu uye kuyedza kutengesa "chigadzirwa" chavo.

Izvo zvakati, zano rakashata rinongova muromo weiyo iceberg kana zvasvika kune zvisirizvo pamusoro pei, kupi, sei uye sei iwe unogona kuwana kana iwe uchida pasipoti nyowani uye chizvarwa chemari. Ngatipedzei izvi pano uye zvino! Ngationei kuti ndeapi magwaro asingafanirwe kuvhiringidzwa nepasipoti yemubhadhari.

1. Passport yezvakakosha

Kune akawanda mapurogiramu anoita semugari wemugari nehurongwa hwekudyara nekuti anosanganisira imwe mhando yezvinodiwa zvemari uye anopa chizvarwa kana apedza. Asi ivo vanowanzove vasina kurongeka uye kwete commoditized. Uye zvakare havana high speed.

Boka reugari hwakasarudzika rinoshandiswa zvakanakisa kutsanangura idzi hurongwa hwakasanganiswa. Unogona kutenga zvivakwa muCambodia kana kupa € 3 miriyoni kuAustria uye wowana yechipiri pasipoti kuburikidza nekutengeserana, asi zvirongwa izvi zvinonyanya kuzviisa pasi pezvematongerwo enyika uye hazviwanikwe kune wese anoda. Uhwu hausi hugari hwechokwadi nekudyara.

2. Gold visa

Kugara nekudyara kana vhiza yegoridhe hakuna kufanana nekuva mugari wehupfumi. Nyika zhinji dziri kuda kupa mvumo yekugara kune vekunze vanodyara mari muhupfumi hwavo, asi mvumo yekugara iyi haivimbisi kuti mumiriri anozowana hugari. Visa yegoridhe inongopa kodzero yekupinda munyika yakakodzera uye kugara munharaunda yayo gore rose.

Nyika dzakasiyana dzine maitiro akasiyana ayo munhu anogona kusangana nawo kuti akwanise kugara, kubva pakupa basa nekutanga kambani kusvika pakuroora mumwe wevagari veko. Dzimwe nyika dzakasarudza kuwedzera imwe sarudzo uye kubvumira avo vatorwa vanoita mari kuti vagare panharaunda yavo, vasingashandisi mamwe maitiro.

Asi munyaya iyi tiri kutaura chete nezvemvumo yekuva mugari. Kana munhu angove mugari, anogona kuve wekuzvarwa nenzira imwechete semumwe munhu wese. Ehe, hatisi kutaura nezve chero vagari vemo nekudyara.

Izvi ndizvo zvakaita kune akawanda egoridhe mavhiza zvirongwa muEurope. Zvirongwa zvakafanana, semuenzaniso, zvinoshanda muGreece neSpain. Nepo iwe uchizopedzisira wawana pasipoti yechipiri kuburikidza nedhipatimendi remuridzi, izvi zvinoda angangoita makore mashanu ekugara uye uchafanirwa kudzidza mutauro weutongi hweanotambira.

Pamusoro pezvo, iwe uchafanirwa kugara munzvimbo yayo kweakawanda egore rega rega panguva yekuzvimiririra, nekudaro uchiwana zvimwe zvisungo zvemutero kune iyo inomiririra kutonga. Iyo chete inosarudzika iPortugal, kwausingade kugara zvachose.

Enzanisa izvi neCaribbean zvirongwa zvehupfumi hwevagari vemo, uko pasina nguva yekumirira yekuzvarwa (kunze kwekumirira mutongo wekushingairira uye maitiro ekugadzirisa, izvo zvinotora mavhiki mashoma). Iwe unoita mari uye unogamuchira chizvarwa.

3. Passport kuburikidza neghost program

Nekuda kweruzivo rwakawanda rwusiri rwechokwadi uye nemabasa evazhinji vasina ruzivo vamiririri vekubvakacha, vamwe vanhu vanoda kutora pasipoti kuburikidza nekuva vagari vemo nehurongwa hwekudyara husina kumbovapo kana kuvapo kwechinguva asi hwakazomiswa.

Somuenzaniso, mumakore achangopfuura mapurogiramu eMoldova neComoros akamiswa. Pakutanga, zvaigonekawo kuwana chizvarwa cheIrish nekudyara, asi chirongwa chinowirirana chakamiswa zvakare uye basa rayo harina kuzombotangwazve.

Kunewo mamiriro ezvinhu apo nyika inozivisa kuva mugari wemo nechirongwa chekudyara, asi haisati yazadzisa vimbiso. Nguva pfupi yapfuura pakanga paine runyerekupe rwekuti Armenia yaizounza chirongwa chakadaro. Zvisinei, mushure mekuchinja kwesimba muhurumende, zvakasarudzwa kusiya pfungwa iyi.

Zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvechitsotsi

Panewo dambudziko rekubiridzira. Tinogashira mibvunzo yakawanda kubva kuvaverengi pamusoro peichi kana chirongwa icho, uye tinomanikidzwa kubvuma kuti aya matsotsi. Usashamiswe kana mawebhusaiti anokurudzira aya matsotsi akangoerekana anyangarika.

Kiyi yekushandisa pasipoti yako yechipiri zvinobudirira uye zvakachengeteka kuiwana zviri pamutemo. Dzivisa mapurogiramu api neapi anobatanidza kubhadhara mari kuvakuru vakuru vane uori. Hugari hwepamutemo nechirongwa chekudyara hunofanirwa kutsanangurwa mumitemo yenzvimbo inotambira. Kana munhu ari kusimudzira chirongwa asingakwanisi kukuudza hwaro hwepamutemo hwacho, ingorega kutaurirana naye.

Rangarira kuti ugari hwehupfumi hunotengeswa uye hwakarongwa, uye huri nyore, zviri pamutemo uye nekukurumidza. Chinhu chipi nechipi chisingazadzise zvinodiwa zvishanu izvi hachisi vagari vemunyika nekudyara. Izvi hazvireve kuti dzimwe nzira dzekubvakacha hadzishande kwauri (kunze kwekunge dzisiri pamutemo, hongu), asi zvakakosha kuziva zvauri kupinda.

Zvichaenderera mberi. Kana iwe wakafarira chikamu chekutanga chegwaro iri, gara wakatarisa. Chikamu chechipiri chichaongorora nyika dzinopa vagari vemo nekudyara, pamwe nezvinodiwa kune vanonyorera kuve vagari vehupfumi.

Uchiri nemibvunzo? Vabvunze mumhinduro!

Source: www.habr.com