Ukama huri pakati pevakaroorana, huzere nekutarisira, zviratidzo zvekutarisa uye kunzwira tsitsi, hunonzi rudo nevadetembi, asi biologist inoitumidza kuti hukama hwepabonde hune chinangwa chekupona uye kubereka. Mamwe marudzi anosarudza kutora nhamba - kubereka nevadiwa vakawanda sezvinobvira kuitira kuwedzera nhamba yevana, nekudaro kuwedzera mikana yekurarama kwemarudzi ose. Vamwe vanogadzira vakaroorana vane mudzimai mumwe chete, izvo zvinogona kurega kuvapo chete mushure mekufa kwemumwe wevadiwa. Kwemakore akawanda, masayendisiti aitenda kuti sarudzo yekutanga inobatsira zvikuru, asi izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi. Vakaroorana vemonogamous, sekutonga, vanosimudza vana vavo pamwe chete, i.e. mudzivirire pazvikara, tora chikafu uye umudzidzise humwe hunyanzvi, nepo pabarika zvese izvi zvinowanzowira pamafudzi asina kusimba evakadzi. Hongu, pane zvisizvo, asi nhasi hatisi kutaura nezvazvo. Biologist vave vachifarira kwenguva refu imwe pfungwa inofadza - varume vanoramba vachiratidza zviratidzo zvekutarisa kune vakadzi, kunyange kana vaviri vavo vakatoumbwa uye vavepo kwemakore akawanda. Chii chinokonzeresa hunhu uhu, chii chinobatsira kubva pazviri, uye ndezvipi zvinhu zvemhindumupindu zvine chekuita nazvo? Tichawana mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi mumushumo weboka retsvakurudzo. Enda.
Hwaro hwechidzidzo
Tichifunga nezvemusoro wechidzidzo, isu hatisi kuzotarisa pabarika remhando dzeshiri, asi tichatarisa kune vane minhenga romantics vanowira murudo zvachose.
Kutaura nezve monogamy, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kune marudzi akawanda ayo zvichienderana nekugara kwenguva: imwe mwaka, makore akawanda uye kwehupenyu hwose.
Pakati peshiri, mwaka mumwe chete ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ungave wehanzi dzomusango. Hadzi dzinobatanidzwa mukuita dendere nekuyamwisa mazai, uye mukono une basa rekuchengetedza nzvimbo yacho. Pazuva rechipiri pashure pokuchechenywa, mhuri inoenda kudziva riri pedyo, uko nguruve dzinodzidzira kuzvitsvakira zvokudya. Muchiitiko chengozi pamvura, hadzi inodzivirira zvakasimba mwana, asi murume, sezviri pachena achirangarira zvinhu zvinokosha, kazhinji kazhinji anotiza. Kwete iyo yakanyanya kunaka hukama, zvisinei kuti unozviona sei.
Mhuri yemhuka dzesango.
Kana tikataura nezvehukama, hwaro hwahwo hunogara huripo, saka storks ndiyo yakanakisisa munyaya iyi. Vanogadzira murume nomudzimai mumwe kweupenyu hwose uye havatombochinji nzvimbo yavo yekugara kunze kwekunge zvakakodzera. Rimwe dendere reshuramurove, iro rinogona kuyera kusvika ku 250 kg uye kusvika 1.5 m muhupamhi, rinovashumira kwemakore akawanda kana njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga kana kupindira kwevanhu hazviparadzi. Kune dendere muCzech Republic rakagadzirwa kare muna 1864.
Unyanzvi hwekuvaka hweshuramurove hahudi kuongwa paunoona zvivakwa zvakadaro.
Kusiyana nehanzi dzomusango, shuramurove dzine mabasa akaenzana: vose vari vaviri vanochochonya mazai, tsvaka zvokudya, dzidzisa vana kubhururuka uye kuvadzivirira panjodzi. Mhando dzakasiyana dzetsika dzinoita basa rakakosha muhukama hweshuramurove: kuimba, kutamba, nezvimwe. Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti tsika idzi dzinoitwa kwete chete panguva yekuumbwa kwevakaroorana (pazuva rekutanga), asiwo muhupenyu hwavo hwose pamwe chete (kunyangwe pakutsiva mukadzi panguva yekudzivirira, murume anoita kutamba kuduku). Kwatiri, izvi zvinotaridzika zvakanaka, zverudo uye zvisina musoro zvachose, sezvo kubva pakuona kwebiology hapana chakanakira maitiro akadaro. Ndizvo here? Uye pano tinogona kutanga kufunga nezvechidzidzo chacho, icho chaifanirwa kupindura mubvunzo uyu.
Ethologists* Vanotenda kuti nguva dzose kuratidzwa kwekunzwa kwavo nevarume kunobatanidzwa nekuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwekubereka muvakadzi.
Ethology* - sainzi inodzidza maitiro akasarudzika, i.e. mafungiro.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinoramba zvisinganzwisisike kuti sei hunhu uhwu hunogara kwete chete panguva yekusangana kwekutanga, asi muhupenyu hwese, nekuti zvingava zvine musoro kuti varume vaise simba rakawanda uye simba muvana vavo, pane kuratidza manzwiro kune avo. mukadzi. Parizvino, vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vaidavira kuti kusimba kwekutaura kwerudo kumukadzi kunobata zvakananga kunaka kwekubatana uye, naizvozvo, mwana (kureva nhamba yemazai akaiswa).
Shiri hono yeparadhiso inotamba pamberi pehadzi. Sezvatinoona, murume anotaridzika zvakanyanya kupenya kupfuura mukadzi.
Dzidziso iyi inosimbiswa nekucherechedza. Mukadzi ane shamwari yake murume asina kunyorwa uye anotanga kubhururuka mumusha anoisa simba rakawanda pamwana wake kupfuura kana murume asiri hove kana shiri. Zvinonzwika zvinonakidza uye zvinosetsa, asi tsika dzinoitwa nevarume pamberi pevakadzi dzine chinangwa chekuratidza kwete runako chete, asiwo simba. Zvinongoitika kuti mapapiro anopenya, kuimba kwakanaka uye kumwe kuratidzwa kwekutarisisa kubva kuvarume zvinongori zviratidzo zvekuziva zvevakadzi, izvo zvaanosarudza muruzivo nezve murume.
Masayendisiti kubva kumayunivhesiti eNorth Carolina neChicago, ane basa ratiri kufunga nhasi, anotenda kuti hunhu hwevarume uhwu hwakanangana nekugadzirisa hunhu hwevakadzi maererano nemaitiro ekubereka vana.
Muenzaniso wakatsanangurwa nemasayendisiti unobva pane zvakawanda zvakaedza zvakaratidza kuti kusimbisa zviratidzo izvi kubva kuvarume kunowedzera mupiro wevakadzi mukugadzirisa kubereka. Izvo zvave zvichitaurwa kuti kunobva mhedzisiro yakadaro inosimudzira mhinduro dzekunzwisisa dzinobva kune zvakatipoteredza, masaini uye tsinga pachayo. Parizvino, mienzaniso ye100 ye "kutsauka" kwakadaro kubva kune zvakajairika masisitimu ekunzwa (kunzwa, kuona uye kunhuwa) inozivikanwa.
Kana murume aratidzazve zvakanakira pane vamwe varume, izvi zvinogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakanaka kune murume pachake (mukadzi achamusarudza zvechokwadi). Asi kumukadzi izvi zvinogona kuva zvisingabatsiri, sezvo zvichaderedza kubereka kwemangwana. Mune mamwe mazwi, isu tine "kupfuura tarisiro" mamiriro. Murume ari nani zvikuru kupfuura vamwe varume uye anogara achiratidza zviratidzo zvekufarira mumukadzi achawana zvaanoda - kubereka uye kubereka, kana kuti pane rudzi rwake. Mukadzi anotarisira maitiro akafanana kubva kune vamwe varume, asi asingaagamuchire, angazviwana ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Masayendisiti anoreva nyaya yakadai sekunetsana kwepabonde: kuzviratidza kwevarume sekuwedzera kwakanaka pakati pehuwandu, uye kuramba zano iri rinokura pakati pevakadzi.
Kupokana uku kwakaenzanisirwa pachishandiswa computational approach (neural networks). Mumamodheru anobuda, mucherechedzi (chiratidzo chitubu - murume) anoshandisa fungidziro yeanogamuchira (signal receiver - mukadzi), iyo inomutsa masaini pachawo kukuvadza kwekuona. Pane imwe nguva, shanduko yekuona kwezviratidzo muhuwandu hwevakadzi inoitika (rudzi rwekuchinja), semhedzisiro iyo simba rezviratidzo kubva kune sosi (murume) richaderera zvakanyanya. Kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mukuchinja kwakadaro kuchatungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti imwe kana imwe mhando yechiratidzo ichave isingabatsiri zvachose. Sezvo shanduko dzakadaro dzichiitika, zvimwe zviratidzo zvinopera, kurasikirwa nesimba, asi zvitsva zvinomuka, uye nzira inotanga patsva.
Iyi yakanyanya kumonyoroka sisitimu iri nyore mukuita. Fungidzira kuti murume anooneka ane minhenga yakajeka (imwe chete), anomira kunze kwevamwe, uye vakadzi vanomupa zvaanoda. Ipapo murume anooneka ane minhenga miviri yakajeka, ipapo nematatu, nezvimwe. Asi simba rechiratidzo chakadaro, nekuda kwekukura kwayo uye kupararira, rinotanga kuwira zvakaenzana. Zvino kamwe kamwe murume anooneka anogona kuimba zvinoyevedza uye kuvaka matendere. Nekuda kweizvozvo, minhenga yakanaka sechiratidzo inorega kushanda uye inotanga kuderera.
Nekudaro, pane nguva dzose kusarudzika kune mutemo - kumwe kukakavara kwevakadzi nevakadzi kunogona kukura kuve kuzere uye kunoshanda kwazvo kubatana kwevakadzikadzi.
Chirongwa chekubuda kwekunetsana kwevanhukadzi uye kubatana kwevakadzi.
Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti murume ane chiratidzo chakanyanya kujeka anomanikidza mukadzi kuti aisa mazai matatu, asi mana. Izvi zvakanakira murume - achaita vana vakawanda nejini rake. Kune mukadzi, kwete zvakanyanya, nekuti achafanira kushandisa simba rakawanda kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti vana vese vanopona uye vasvika pazera rekuzvimiririra. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vakadzi vanotanga kuenderana nevarume kuitira kuti vagone kuramba kune masaini avo. Mugumisiro wacho unogona kuva nzira mbiri: kurwisana kana kushandira pamwe.
Munyaya yekubatana, vakadzi vanoshanduka kukandira mazai matatu, sepamberi pekuonekwa kwechiratidzo chakasimba kubva kuvarume, asi ramba uchipindura kune izvi zviratidzo. Zvakawanda zvemanomano evakadzi muzvarirwo. Nenzira iyi, kwete vaviri chete vanoumbwa, asi vaviri vanotsigirana pamwero wakakwana wekubereka kubva pakuona kwechiratidzo-mhinduro yekudyidzana.
Vanhurume havagone kushanduka kumashure, kana kutaura. Zviratidzo zvavo zvakasimudzirwa kuvakadzi zvinobudisa clutch yemazai matatu, i.e. kwete sezvaitarisirwa. Nekudaro, kudzikisa chiratidzo kune yakapfuura nhanho zvakare kuchave kusashanda, sezvo zvichizotungamira mukuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwemazai mu clutch kusvika maviri. Inoshanduka kuva denderedzwa rakashata - varume havagoni kuderedza simba rechiratidzo uye havagoni kuwedzera, sezvo vakadzi munyaya yekutanga vachabereka vana vashoma, uye mune yechipiri havazopinduri.
Nenzira yomuzvarirwo, varume kana kuti vanhukadzi havasati vane vavariro ipi neipi yakashata kana kuti chishuvo chokuita varanda. Iyi nzira yese inoitika padanho remajini uye inonangana chete nekubatsirwa kwemwana wemurume nemukadzi uye kugara zvakanaka kwemarudzi ese.
Mhedzisiro yekutsvaga
Achishandisa masvomhu modelling, masayendisiti akaongorora mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuitika kudyidzana kwepabonde. Quantitative character ine average value zf inotsanangura basa guru remukadzi kumwana wake. Pakutanga, chiyero chepakati chinobvumirwa kukura kusvika kune zvakakosha zopt, izvo zvinoenderana nemhando mbiri: kubatsirwa kubva mukudyara (nhamba yevana vanopona) uye mutengo wekudyara kwevakadzi (cf) Kusiyanisa kwekupedzisira kunoongororwa mushure mekubereka, zvichireva kuti dzimwe hadzi dzinopona uye dzinogona kubereka zvakare gore rinotevera, zvichiita kuti nhamba yezvizvarwa zviwedzere.
Pane mazwi akati wandei achashandiswa nguva zhinji muchidzidzo chino akakodzera kutsanangurwa zvishoma:
- zviratidzo - kuratidzwa kwekutarisisa kune varume kune vakadzi vanobatana (kuimba, kutamba uye mamwe maitiro) anoitika ari maviri akaumbwa;
- mupiro / Investments - mhinduro yevakadzi kune zviratidzo izvi, zvinoratidzwa mumhando yehuwandu hwemazai mu clutch, nguva yakawanda yekutarisira vana venguva yemberi, nezvimwewo;
- akapindura - mukadzi achipindura zviratidzo kubva kumurume;
- mari - mari yezvipo zvevakadzi kumwana (nguva mudendere, nguva yekutsvaga zvokudya, hutano hwehutano nekuda kwehuwandu / nhamba shoma yezai mu clutch, nezvimwewo).
Novel masaini echirume uye mhinduro dzechikadzi kwavari dzakateedzerwa vachishandisa zvakasununguka kudzokorodza diallelic single-locus modifiers, nekudaro vachibatanidza huwandu uye huwandu hwevanhu genetic maitiro. IN nzvimbo*, iyo inodzora mhinduro yemukadzi (A), pakutanga kukwirira kwepamusoro kunoonekwa -anopindura* (A2), inoenderana nemafungiro ekare aripo
Locus* - nzvimbo yejini chaiyo paiyo genetic mepu yechromosome.
Alleles* - mafomu akasiyana ejini rimwechete riri munzvimbo imwechete yehomologous chromosomes. Alleles inosarudza nzira yekukura kwechimwe chimiro.
Responder gene* (Rsp) ijena rinoshanda rakabatana neiyo segregation disorder factor (SD gene), iyo inoshanda allele iyo (Rsp +) inokwanisa kudzvinyirira SD kutaura.
Chiratidzo chechiratidzo (B) chinotanga kugadziriswa kune isiri-signal allele (B1). Ipapo B2 allele inounzwa, izvo zvinoita kuti zviratidzo zvechirume zvioneke.
Kuratidza zviratidzo zvevarume zvakare kune mutengo wayo (sm), asi inowedzera mupiro wemukadzi mudiwa (A2) nehuwandu Ξ±. Semuenzaniso, Ξ± inogona kuratidzwa sezai rekuwedzera mune clutch. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuwedzera kwechipo chemukadzi kunogonawo kuzviratidza nenzira yemigumisiro yakanaka yaanayo pamwana wake.
Naizvozvo, peya umo murume anotakura chiratidzo che allele uye mukadzi anotakura anopindura allele (kureva A2B2 pairs) ine imwezve mupiro kubva kumukadzi uye saka yakakwirira fecundity kupfuura mamwe matatu masanganiswa.
Kusiyana kwekusanganiswa kwevarume nevakadzi maererano nereshiyo yezviratidzo uye mhinduro kwavari.
Huwandu hwevana vanopona kuti vabereke gore rinotevera hunokanganiswa density dependence* mukati mevana uye kutsamira pahuwandu hwevana mushure mekubva.
Density dependence* Density-dependent process inoitika kana chiyero chekukura kwechiverengero chavanhu chichidzorwa nekuwanda kwehuwandu hwevanhu ivavo.
Rimwe boka rezvinyorwa zvinosanganiswa nekufa kwevakadzi nevarume mushure mekuberekwa kwevana. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotemerwa nemupiro kune vana (cm - mupiro wevarume, cf - mupiro wevakadzi), mutengo wezviratidzo zvevarume (sm) uye kufa kusiri kusarudzwa (dm - varume uye df - vakadzi).
Shirikadzi, varume vakafirwa, vana vadiki uye chero vaimbova vasina kuroora vanobatana kuti vagadzire vaviri vaviri uye kutenderera kwegore kunopera. Mumuenzaniso uri kudzidzwa, kusimbiswa kuri pa genetic monogamy, saka marudzi ese ekusarudzwa kwepabonde (kureva makwikwi pakati pevanhu kune mumwe wako) haana kuverengerwa pakuverenga.
Hukama pakati pekushanduka kwezviratidzo, vanopindura uye mipiro.
Kuenzanisira kwakaratidza kuti kugadzikana kwakagadzikana kunowanikwa apo varume vanopa zviratidzo uye vakadzi vanopindura kwavari. Pakuenzanisa, mipiro yese kumwana inodzoserwa padanho rayaive risati raonekwa mamwe masaini echirume.
Pachati Π Zviri pamusoro apa zvinoratidza muenzaniso wekushanduka kwemasimba apo mupiro wechikadzi kumwana unodzokera padanho repamusoro, zvinova mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwehuwandu hwemhando yemupiro (mutsetse wegirini ine dotted ndiwo mupiro chaiwo, uye mutsara wakasvibira wakasimba. ndiwo mupiro usina kuwanikwa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemhinduro yevakadzi kune mamwe masaini echirume). Pachati Π Mumwe muenzaniso unoratidzwa apo kunetsana kwevakadzi pakati pevarume nevakadzi kunotungamira mukurasikirwa neanopindura.
Uye pane girafu Π‘ Maparamita maviri anozivikanwa anopesvedzera mhedzisiro iyi: kuwedzera kwemupiro kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera masaini (Ξ±), uye mutengo wevakadzi pakudyara uku (cf) Munzvimbo yakatsvuka pane chati, zviratidzo hazviwedzere, sezvo mari yavo ichapfuura kubatsirwa. Munzvimbo yero uye dema, kuwanda kwezviratidzo kunowedzera, izvo zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kwemari inodhura kune chikamu chevakadzi. Munzvimbo yero, mhinduro kune izvi inoitika nekuderedza huwandu hwekutsvaga mari, iyo inotungamirira kukugadzirisa zvachose alleles yezvose zviratidzo uye vanopindura. Munharaunda yevatema, uko vakadzi vanopindura vanowedzera mari, iyo inopindura inorasika inokurumidza kurasika, ichiteverwa nemasaini, senge mumhando dzechinyakare dzekupokana kwepabonde (graph. Π).
Muganho wakatwasuka pakati penzvimbo dzvuku neyero unomiririra apo varume vanowana imwe mari muvana nekuda kwevakadzi kuenzanisa mutengo wechiratidzo chavo. Muganhu wakatwasuka unoparadzanisa nzvimbo dzeyero nedzitema kubva kune dzvuku unoitika nenzira yakafanana, asi nokuda kwechikonzero chisinganyatsooneki. Kana mari yekudyara yevakadzi (cf) zvakaderera, ipapo kukosha kwakakwana kwemupiro (zopt) ichave yakakwira, uye nekudaro mupiro wechikadzi uchave wakakura zvakanyanya mumamiriro ekutanga. Mhedzisiro yeizvi ndeyekuti masaini anopa murume kubatsirwa zvishoma kubva mukudyara kwaanoita, izvo zvinodzorwa zvakare nemitengo yayo.
Iyo parameter nzvimbo, umo zviratidzo uye mhinduro zvakagadziriswa (yero), inosiyana zvichienderana nesimba rekusarudza uye kusiyanisa kwemajini emumhan'ari's allele. Semuenzaniso, apo mupinduri wekutanga allele frequency iri 0.9 panzvimbo ye0.99 inoratidzwa mumufananidzo #2, kuiswa kwezviratidzo kunoguma nekusarudzwa kunobudirira kune vanopindura (yekutanga genetic variance yakakwirira) uye dunhu dema rinowedzera kuruboshwe.
Zviratidzo zvechirume zvinogona kuitika kunyangwe zvikauya nemutengo unodzikisira mupiro wemurume kumwana wazvino (parameterized sfec), nokudaro zvichikanganisa kusimba* zvose murume nomukadzi, panzvimbo pokuderedza mukana wokuti murume ararame.
Kugwinya* - kugona kubereka vanhu vane imwe genotype.
Hukama huripo pakati pemitengo yefecundity uye masaini (kuruboshwe) uye hukama pakati pezvinodhura mari nemasaini.
Panyaya yembereko, kana masaini echirume akaiswa (yellow area), varume vese vanodyara mari shoma muvana pane vasati varatidza. Muchiitiko ichi, mupiro wevakadzi uchave wakakura kudarika zvaive zvisati zvaonekwa zviratidzo zvevarume.
Kukura kwekudyara kwevakadzi, kana mari yemurume ichidzorwa nekubereka (panzvimbo yekubudirira), inowedzera avhareji yenhamba yevana pavaviri, asi haitsigire zvizere. Nekufamba kwenguva, kupa kwakawanda kwevakadzi kunowedzera avhareji yenhamba yevana vanosvika pakubvaruka asi kunoderedza avhareji yevakadzi. Izvi zvinotungamirira pakuumbwa kwekuenzanisa kutsva pakati pemasimba maviri aya, apo huwandu hwehuwandu hwevana huri pasi pane huri mumamiriro ehupenyu hwemazuva ose kana mumamiriro ekutanga (kusati kwaratidzwa kwezviratidzo).
Kubva pakuona kwemasvomhu, zvinoratidzika seizvi: kana zviratidzo zvevarume zvichiwedzera kubereka ne1% (asi zvisingawedzere kubudirira), ipapo mari yevakadzi yevana inowedzera ne 1.3%, asi panguva imwechete kufa kwavo kunowedzerawo ne0.5 %, uye nhamba yevana pavaviri inoderera ne0.16%.
Kana chiyero chepakati chemupiro wechikadzi chinotanga chakaderera pane chakanyanya chiyero (somuenzaniso, nekuda kwemaitiro ezvakatipoteredza), ipapo kana zviratidzo zvinokurudzira kukura kwemari zvinoratidzwa, hurongwa hwakaenzana hunomuka, i.e. kubatana pakati pevarume nevakadzi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zviratidzo zvevarume hazvisi kungowedzera mupiro wevakadzi kune vana, asiwo kusimba kwavo.
Maitiro akadaro evarume nevakadzi anowanzoitika nekuda kwekuchinja kwekunze (mamiriro ekunze, pekugara, huwandu hwechikafu chiripo, nezvimwewo). Tichifunga nezveizvi, masayendisiti anoratidza kuti kuumbwa kwemukadzi mumwe chete mune mamwe marudzi emazuva ano, nepo madzitateguru avo aiva nebarika, kunokonzerwa nokutama uye, maererano naizvozvo, kuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama rwema nuances echidzidzo, ini ndinokurudzira kutarisa ΠΈ kwaari.
Epilogue
Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza hukama huripo pakati pebarika uye murume mumwe chete kubva pakuona kwekushanduka-shanduka. Muumambo hweshiri, varume vagara vachiedza kudarika mumwe nemumwe kuti vawane kutarisa kwechikadzi: nemapapiro akajeka, kutamba kwakanaka, kana kunyange kuratidzwa kwekugona kwavo kuvaka. Hunhu uhwu hunokonzerwa nemakwikwi pakati pevarume, zvinova zvinowanzo zivikanwa nemhando dzebarika. Kubva pakuona kwevakadzi, zviratidzo zvese izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuongorora hunhu hwemurume huchatora vana vavo. Nekudaro, nekufamba kwenguva, vanhurume vakatanga kushanduka nenzira yekuti masaini avo aive akajeka kupfuura evakwikwidzi vavo. Vanhukadzi, zvakare, vakashanduka kuti varambe zviratidzo zvakadaro. Mushure mezvose, panofanira kuva nekuenzanisa nguva dzose. Kana mari yevakadzi yevana isingaenzaniswi kune zvikomborero, saka hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera mari. Zviri nani kukandira mazai matatu clutch worarama nekukura nekurera vana pane kukandira vashanu wofa uchiedza kuvadzivirira.
Kukakavadzana kwakadaro kwezvido kunogona kukonzera kuderera kwehuwandu hwevanhu, asi shanduko yakatora nzira inonzwisisika - munzira yekubatana. Muvaviri vane murume mumwe chete, varume vanoramba vachizviratidza mukubwinya kwavo kwose, uye vakadzi vanopindura izvi nekubatsira kwakakwana kumwana.
Zvinoda kuziva kuti nyika yemhuka dzesango haina kuremerwa nemitemo yetsika, mitemo uye tsika, uye zviito zvose zvinogadziriswa nekushanduka-shanduka, genetics uye nyota yekubereka.
Zvichida kune vanodanana, tsananguro yesainzi yerudo ine mapapiro ichaita seyakanyanya prosaic, asi masayendisiti anofunga zvakasiyana. Mushure mezvose, chii chingave chakanaka kupfuura kushanduka nenzira yakadai kuti kune kuenzana uye hukama hwechokwadi pakati pemukadzi nemurume, tichifunga nezvezvido zvemapato maviri uye chinangwa chekubatsira kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Chishanu kubva kumusoro:
Kunyange zvazvo shiri idzi dzisina zita rakanakisisa (Grebes), kutamba kwadzo kwekubatana kwakangonaka.
Off-top 2.0:
Shiri dzeparadhiso muenzaniso wakanaka (chaiwo) wemhando dzakasiyana dzezviratidzo zvinotumirwa nevarume kuvakadzi munguva yekugara (BBC Earth, voice-over naDavid Attenborough).
Ndatenda nekuverenga, garai muchida kuziva uye muve nekupera kwevhiki kwakanaka vakomana! π
Ndinokutendai nekugara nesu. Unoda zvinyorwa zvedu here? Unoda kuona zvimwe zvinonakidza zvemukati? Titsigire nekuisa odha kana kukurudzira kushamwari, 30% kuderedzwa kwevashandisi veHabr pane yakasarudzika analogue yekupinda-level maseva, iyo yakagadzirwa nesu kuti iwe: (inowanikwa neRAID1 uye RAID10, kusvika ku24 cores uye kusvika ku40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd kaviri zvakachipa? Chete pano muNetherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - kubva pamadhora makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe! Verenga nezve
Source: www.habr.com