Iyo hero yega yemunyori Fraerman, kana Tale yeRudo Rwekutanga

Ndichiri mudiki, zvimwe ndaiva munhu anopesana nevaSemite. Uye zvose nokuda kwake. Hoyo aripano.

Aigara achindisvota. Ndakangofarira nyaya dzaPaustovsky dzinoshamisa pamusoro pekatsi yembavha, chikepe cherabha, etc. Uye chete ndiye akapamba zvinhu zvose.

Kwenguva yakareba ndakanga ndisinganzwisisi kuti sei Paustovsky akanga akarembera neFraerman uyu? Imwe mhando yeCaricature muJudha, uye zita rake ibenzi - Reuben. Kwete, hongu, ndaiziva kuti ndiye munyori webhuku rinonzi “The Wild Dog Dingo, kana kuti Tale of First Love,” asi izvi zvakatowedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Aiwa, handina kuverenga bhuku racho, uye handina kuronga kudaro. Ndeupi mukomana anozviremekedza angaverenga bhuku rine musoro wakadaro kana "Captain Blood's Odyssey" isati yaverengwa kechishanu?

Uye Paustovsky ... Paustovsky akanga akanaka. Munyori anotonhorera, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero ndakanzwisisa izvi kunyangwe ndichiri mudiki.

Uye pandakakura ndikadzidza nezve mazita matatu ekusarudzwa kweNobel Prize, mukurumbira wenyika dzakawanda, uye Marlene Dietrich achipfugama pamberi pemunyori wake waaida, ndakamuremekedza zvakanyanya.

Uye kuti ndaimuremekedza zvakadini apo, ndave akachenjera, ndakaverenga zvakare mabhuku ake ... Paustovsky haana kungoona zvakawanda uye kunzwisisa zvakawanda munyika ino - akanga akachenjera. Uye iyi imhando isingawanzoitiki. Kunyange pakati pevanyori.

Kunyanya pakati pevanyori.

Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, ndakaona chikonzero nei aive achitandara naFraerman.

Uye mushure menyaya ichangobva kuitika pamusoro pemadhimoni eHondo Yenyika, ndakafunga kukuudzawo.

***

Ndagara ndichinetseka kuti sei mafirimu anotyisa akagadzirwa pamusoro peHondo Huru yePatriotic, umo vanhu vakachema, apo Hondo Yenyika yaiva imwe rudzi rwevaraidzo inokwezva. Kunyanya marudzi ese ekuvaraidza zvishoma "kumabvazuva" se "White Sun of the Desert" kana "The Elusive Avengers" akatorwa firimu nezvake.

Uye chete gare gare ndakazoona kuti ndiyo inonzi "substitution" mune psychology. Seri kwevaraidzo iyi vakativanza kubva kuchokwadi pamusoro pekuti Hondo Yenyika yaive chii chaizvo.

Nditende, pane zviitiko apo chokwadi chisiri chokwadi chaunofanira kuziva.

Munhoroondo, semasvomhu, pane axioms. Mumwe wavo anoti: muRussia hapana chakaipa kupfuura Nguva Yematambudziko.

Kwakanga kusina hondo, kusina nhenda kunyange pedyo. Chero munhu akanyudzwa mumagwaro anozodzoreka achitya uye anodzokorora mushure mekukatyamadza classicist uyo akasarudza kudzidza mhirizhonga yePugach: "Mwari ngaarege kuti tione kumukira kweRussia ...".

Hondo yeNyika yakanga isiri yakaipa chete - chaive chimwe chinhu chepamusoro.

Ini handina kuneta kudzokorora - raive gehena rakapinda panyika, kupinda muInferno, kupinda kwemadhimoni kwakatora miviri nemweya yevagari verunyararo.

Kunyanya pazvose, yaiita sedenda repfungwa - nyika yakapenga ikapinda mumhirizhonga. Kwemakore akati wandei pakanga pasina simba zvachose; nyika yaitongwa nemapoka madiki uye makuru evanhu vakapenga vane zvombo vaimhanya-mhanya zvisina chinangwa, vachidyana uye vachizadza ivhu neropa.

Madhimoni haana kurega chero munhu, akatapurira maRed nevachena, varombo nevapfumi, matsotsi, vanhuwo zvavo, maRussia, uye vatorwa. Kunyange maCzech, avo muhupenyu hwemazuva ose vane runyararo. Vakanga vachitotakurwa kuenda kumba muzvitima, asi ivowo vakatapukirwa, uye ropa rakayerera kubva kuPenza kuenda kuOmsk.

Ini ndinongokuudza nezve chimwe chikamu chehondo iyoyo, yakazodaidzwa nevamiriri ve "Nikolaev Incident." Ini handisi kuzozvitaurazve zvakadzama, ini ndinongopa iyo huru rondedzero yezviitiko.

Paiva, sezvavaizotaura nhasi, mutungamiri wemunda we "red" orientation ainzi Yakov Tryapitsyn. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti akanga ari murume anoshamisa. Aimbova mukuru wewaranti akazova mukuru kubva pachinzvimbo uye faira muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, uye achiri musoja akagamuchira maviri St. George Crosses. An anarchist, panguva yeHondo yeVanhu vakarwa nevaya veWhite Czechs muSamara, ndokuenda kuSiberia ndokusvika kuFar East.

Rimwe zuva akarwa nemurairo, uye, asingagutsikane nechisarudzo chekumisa kurwisana kusvikira kusvika kwezvikamu zveRed Army, akaenda nevanhu vakavimbika kwaari, avo vaingova 19. Pasinei neizvi, akazivisa kuti akanga achizodzorera simba reSoviet paAmur uye akaenda kumushandirapamwe - atova nevanhu 35.

Sezvo kurwiswa kwaienderera mberi, mauto akakura uye vakatanga kutora misha. Ipapo mukuru weboka revarwi veNikolaevsk-on-Amur, iro guta guru renzvimbo idzodzo, chena Colonel Medvedev akatumira boka rinotungamirirwa naColonel Vits kusangana naTryapitsyn. Vachena vakasarudza kubvisa maRed vasati vawana simba.

Asangana nemauto echirango, Tryapitsyn, achizivisa kuti aida kudzivisa kuteura ropa, akauya kuWhites kuti ataurirane. Simba recharisma yemurume uyu rakanga rakakura kwazvo zvokuti mushure meizvi, mhirizhonga yakatanga muuto reVitz, mutungamiri nevarwi vashomanana vakasara vakavimbika vakaenda kuDe-Kastri Bay, uye vazhinji vevarwi vemazuva ano vachena vakabatana neuto reTryapitsyn.

Sezvo pakanga pasina mauto akasara muNikolaevsk - varwi vanenge 300 chete, Vachena muNikolaevsk vakakoka maJapan kudzivirira guta racho. Avo, hongu, vaingofarira, uye munguva pfupi mauto eJapan akamiswa muguta - vanhu 350 vachitungamirirwa naMajor Ishikawa. Mukuwedzera, vangangoita 450 vagari vekuJapan vaigara muguta. Semumaguta ese ekuFar Eastern, maive nevakawanda maChinese nemaKorea, nekuwedzera, boka rezvikepe zvepfuti zveChinese, zvichitungamirwa naCommodore Chen Shin, akange asina nguva yekuenda kubhangi reChinese reAmur nguva isati yatanga, yakapedza. yechando muNikolaevsk.

Kusvikira muchirimo nechando chaputika, vose vakanga vakapfigirwa muguta, maiva musina pokubudamo.

Kupinda kwemauto eJapan muNikolaevsk-on-Amur muna 1918. Major Ishikawa akaitwa zvakasiyana mungoro inodhonzwa nebhiza.

Nekudaro, munguva pfupi yadarika, vaita kufora kusati kwamboitika muchando, "mauto ehondo" aTryapitsyn ane zviuru zviviri anosvika kuguta, mumitsetse yaive naReuben Fraerman, ane hutachiona geek, mudzidzi achangoburwa paKharkov Institute of Technology, uyo, mushure mekuita kwake. gore rechitatu, yakatumirwa kudzidzira maindasitiri pachitima kuFar East. Pano akabatwa neHondo yeVanhu, iyo yaakatora rutivi rweReds uye akanga ava mumwe wevanyanyisi veTryaptsyn.

Guta rakanga rakakombwa.

Uye kutamba kwenguva refu uye kunotyisa kweropa remadhimoni eHondo Yenyika yakatanga.

Zvose zvakatanga zviduku - nevanhu vaviri, vamiririri vatsvuku Orlov-Ovcharenko uye Shchetnikov, vakaurayiwa nevachena.

Ipapo vaReds vakaparadzira boka revarwi venhare yeChnyrrakh, iyo inodzora nzira dzeNikolaevsk-on-Amur, uye yakatora nhare, ichigamuchira pfuti.

Mukutyisidzirwa kwekuputirwa kweguta, maJapan anozivisa kusarerekera kwavo.

Iwo maReds anopinda muguta uye anoritora pasina kana kupokana, achitora, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, iyo yese chena counterintelligence archive.

Zvitunha zvakasvibiswa zveOvcharenko naShchetnikov zvinoratidzwa mumabhokisi muchivakwa chemusangano wevarwi weChnyrrakh fortress. Vemapato vanoda kutsiva, uye maererano nerondedzero dzevachena, kusungwa uye kuurayiwa kwevachena kunotanga.

MaJapan anoramba asina kwaakarerekera uye achishingairira kutaurirana nevaridzi vatsva veguta. Nenguva isipi mamiriro ekuvapo kwavo munharaunda yavo anokanganwika, kushamwaridzana kunotanga, uye varwi veJapan vane zvombo, vakapfeka uta hutsvuku uye hutema (anarchist), vanodzungaira muguta, uye mukuru wavo anobvumirwa kutaura neredhiyo nedzimbahwe reJapan muKhabarovsk. .

Asi iyo idyll yekudyidzana yakakurumidza kupera. Pahusiku hwaKurume 11 kusvika Kurume 12, maJapan akapfura pachivako chedzimbahwe raTryaptsin nepfuti dzemuchina nemaroketi anopisa, vachitarisira kugura musoro mauto eRed. Chivako chacho chaiva chemapuranga, uye moto unopfuta machiri. Mukuru wevashandi T.I. Naumov-Medved akafa, munyori wevashandi Pokrovsky-Chernykh, akagurwa kubva pakubuda nemoto, akazvipfura, Tryapitsyn pachake, nemakumbo ake akapfurwa, akaitwa papepa rine ropa uye, pasi peJapan. moto, wakachinjirwa kuchivako chematombo chiri pedyo, uko vakaronga dziviriro.

Kupfura nemoto zviri kuitika muguta rose, sezvo zvakakurumidza kuva pachena kuti kwete chete varwi vemauto eJapan vakapinda mumhirizhonga ine zvombo, asiwo varume vese vechiJapan vanokwanisa kubata zvombo.

Hondo dzinoenda kurufu, uye vasungwa vose vari vaviri vanopera.

Muchengeti waTryapitsyn, aimbova musungwa weSakhalin anonzi Lapta, ane chikwata anoenda kujeri uye anouraya vasungwa vose.

Kuti urege kukwezva kutarisa kwevaJapan nekupfura, munhu wese "apedzwa" nesimbi inotonhora. Sezvo ropa richidhaka sevodka, vanhu vakavhiringidzika vakauraya kwete chete vachena vakasungwa, asiwo vatsigiri vavo vakagara muimba yevarindi.

Kurwa muguta kunotora mazuva akati wandei, mhedzisiro yehondo inosarudzwa nemukuru weboka remapato evacheri vatsvuku, Budrin, uyo akauya neboka rake kubva kunharaunda yepedyo yekugara - musha weKirbi, uri 300 km. kure. kubva Nikolaevsk.

Pakupedzisira, maJapan akaurayiwa zvachose, kusanganisira consul, mudzimai wake nemwanasikana, uye geisha kubva kudzimba dzepfambi dzeko. Vakadzi 12 chete vechiJapan vakanga vakaroorwa neChina vakapona - ivo, pamwe chete neguta reChinese, vakapotera muzvikepe zvepfuti.

Mudzimai waTryapitsyn, Nina Lebedeva, aSocialist-Revolutionary maximalist akadzingwa kuFar East semudzidzi wepachikoro chesekondari aine makore gumi nemashanu nekutora chikamu mukuyedza kuuraya gavhuna wePenza, anogadzwa semukuru mutsva wevashandi vechikamu chebato.

Akakuvadzwa Ya. Tryaptsyn nemudzimai wake wekare N. Lebedeva.

Mushure mekukundwa kweJapan, iyo Nikolaev Commune inoziviswa muguta, mari inobviswa uye kuvhima kwechokwadi mabhunu kunotanga.

Kana yangotanga, iyi flywheel inenge isingaite kumira.

Ini ndichakuchengetedza iwe ruzivo rweropa rezviri kuitika muNikolaevsk mberi, ini ndichataura chete izvo semugumisiro wezvinonzi. "Chiitiko chaNikolaev" chakakonzera kufa kwezviuru zvevanhu.

Izvi zvese pamwe chete, zvakasiyana: Reds, Whites, Russians, Japanese, intellectual, hunghuz, telegraph operators, vasungwa uye nezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zviuru zvevanhu.

Uye kuparadzwa kwakakwana kweguta - mushure mekubudiswa kwevanhu uye kubuda kweuto reTryapitsyn, kwakanga kusina chinhu chakasara chekare Nikolaevsk.

Hapana.

Sezvayakaverengerwa gare gare, kubva pa1165 zvivakwa zvekugara zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, 21 zvivakwa (matombo uye semi-dombo) zvakaputika, 1109 yemapuranga yakapiswa, saka 1130 dzimba dzekugara dzakaparadzwa zvachose, iyi inenge 97% ye Zvose zveimba yeNikolaevsk.

Asati aenda, Tryaptsyn, achinetseka neropa, akatumira radiogram:

Makomuredhi! Aka ndekekupedzisira kutaura newe. Tinosiya guta nenhare, tofuridza nhepfenyuro ndokupinda mutaiga. Vanhu vose vomuguta nenharaunda vakabviswa. Misha iri pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa yose uye munzvimbo dzezasi dzeAmur dzakapiswa. Guta nenhare zvakaparadzwa pasi, zvivakwa zvikuru zvakaputika. Chinhu chose chaisagona kubviswa uye chaigona kushandiswa namaJapan chakaparadzwa ndokupiswa nesu. Panzvimbo yeguta nenhare, matongo anoputa chete akasara, uye muvengi wedu, anouya pano, achangowana mirwi yemadota chete. Tiri kuenda…

Unogona kubvunza - ko Fraerman? Hapana humbowo hwekupinda kwake muhutsinye, asi zvakapesana.

Mumwe munyori wemitambo anopenga anonzi Life akasarudza kuti panguva ino rudo rwekutanga runofanira kuitika kune aimbova mudzidzi weKharkov. Chokwadi, kusafara.

Izvi ndizvo zvakanyorwa naSergei Ptitsyn mune yake memoirs yevatsigiri:

"Runyerekupe rwekutyisidzira kwaifungidzirwa rwakapinda muhuwandu, uye vanhu vasina kugamuchira zvitupa (zvekubuda - VN) vakamhanya vachitenderera neguta vachitya, vachitsvaga nzira dzese nemikana yekubuda kunze kweguta. Vamwe vakadzi vechidiki, vakanaka kubva kumabhunu nechirikadzi dzeWhite Guards vakaurayiwa vakazvipa semadzimai kune vanopikisa kuti vavabatsire kubuda muguta, vakapinda muukama nevashandi vakawanda kana vashoma vane mutoro kuti vavashandise ruponeso rwavo. , vakazvikanda mumaoko evakuru vakuru vechiChina vakabva muzvikepe zvepfuti, kuti vaponeswe nebetsero yavo.

Fraerman, achiisa upenyu hwake mungozi, akaponesa mwanasikana womupristi Zinaida Chernykh, akamubatsira kuvanza somudzimai wake, uye gare gare, achizviratidza kwaari mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, haana kuzivikanwa somurume wake.”

Hapana humbowo hwekuita kwake hutsinye.

Asi akanga aripo uye akazviona zvose. Kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupera.

***

Tryapitsyn, Lebedev, Lapta nevamwe vanhu makumi maviri vakazvisiyanisa panguva yekuparadzwa kweNikolaevsk "vakapedzwa" nevatsigiri vavo, kusiri kure nemusha mumwechete weKirby, ikozvino musha unonzi Polina Osipenko.

Kurangana kwakabudirira kwakatungamirirwa neaimbova lieutenant, uye iye zvino ari nhengo yekomiti yepamusoro uye mukuru wemapurisa emunharaunda, Andreev.

Vakapfurwa nemutongo wedare rinokurumidza kare vasati vagamuchira chero mirairo kubva kuKhabarovsk, uye kunyanya kubva kuMoscow.

Zvingori nekuti mushure mekuyambuka mutsara, vanhu vanofanirwa kuuraiwa - kungave maererano nemirairo yevanhu kana yehumwari, zvirinani nekuda kwekuzvichengetedza.

Hezvino izvo, hutungamiriri hwakaitwa hweNikolaev commune:

Fraerman haana kutora chikamu mukutsividza aimbova mutungamiriri - nguva pfupi asati abuda, akagadzwa commissar weboka rezvematongerwo enyika rakaumbwa kuti rimise simba reSoviet pakati peTungus.

"Nechikwata chebato iri, - munyori pachake akayeuka muzvinyorwa zvake, "Ndakafamba zviuru zvemakiromita kuburikidza netaiga isingapindiki pane reindeer ...". Mushandirapamwe wakatora mwedzi mina uye wakapera muYakutsk, uko mauto akaparadzaniswa, uye aimbova commissar akatanga kushandira Lensky Communar pepanhau.

***

Vaigara mumasango eMeshchera pamwe chete - iye naPaustovsky.

Akaonawo zvinhu zvakawanda muHondo Yenyika - zvose muKyiv yakagarwa, uye muuto rakasununguka raHetman Skoropadsky, uye muuto dzvuku, rakatorwa kubva kune vaimbova Makhnovists.

Kunyanya, ivo vatatu, nekuti shamwari yepedyo, Arkady Gaidar, aigara achiuya kuzovaona. Vakatotaura nezvazvo muSoviet filmstrips.

Iyewo Gaidar uyo akambonyora mudhayari yake: “Ndakarota nezvevanhu vandakauraya ndichiri mwana”.

Ikoko, mumasango asina kusvibiswa nemadziva eMeshchera, vakazvichenesa.

Vakanyungudutsa simba redhimoni dema kuita mitsetse yekudzingirirwa yekuchena isingawanzo uye hunyoro.

Gaidar akanyora "The Blue Cup" ikoko, basa rakanyatsojeka rezvinyorwa zvevana veSoviet.

Fraerman akanyarara kwenguva yakareba, asi akazopaza, uye muvhiki akanyora "Imbwa Yemusango Dingo, kana Tale yeRudo Rwekutanga."

Nyaya yacho inoitika munguva dzeSoviet, asi guta riri paAmur, rinotsanangurwa zvakadzama mubhuku, rinonyanya kuzivikanwa.

Izvi zvakafanana pre-revolutionary, refu-defunct Nikolaevsk-on-Amur.

Guta racho vakariparadza.

Paustovsky akabva anyora izvi: "Mashoko okuti "tarenda rakanaka" ane chekuita naFraerman. Iri itarenda rakanaka uye rakachena. Nokudaro, Fraerman akakwanisa kubata zvinhu zvakadaro zvehupenyu serudo rwake rwekutanga rwehuduku nekutarisira kwakakosha. Bhuku raFraerman "The Wild Dog Dingo, kana Tale of First Love" izere nechiedza, nhetembo yakajeka pamusoro perudo pakati pemusikana nemukomana..

Vaiwanzogara zvakanaka ikoko. Chinhu chakanaka, chakanaka uye chinonakidza:

Gaidar aigara achiuya nenhetembo itsva dzinosetsa. Akambonyora nhetembo refu pamusoro pevanyori nevapepeti vevechidiki vese paChildren's Publishing House. Nhetembo iyi yakarasika uye yakakanganwika, asi ndinorangarira mitsetse inofadza yakatsaurirwa kuna Fraerman:

Muchadenga pamusoro pechadenga chose
Isu tinotambudzwa nekusingaperi tsitsi,
Anotarisa asina kuveurwa, anofemerwa,
Reuben anoregerera...

Vakazvibvumira vamene kusunungura madhimoni avo akadzvinyirirwa kamwe chete.

Muna 1941.

Iwe unogona kunge uchiziva nezveGaidar; Paustovsky akanyorera Fraerman kubva mberi: "Ndakapedza mwedzi nehafu paSouth Front, inenge nguva dzose, ndisingaverengi mazuva mana, pamutsara wemoto ...".

Paustovsky pamusoro peSouth Front.

Uye Fraerman... Fraerman, anga atova nemakore makumi matanhatu, akabatana nemauto eMoscow semurwiwo zvake muzhizha ra41. Haana kuvanda kubva kumberi, ndokusaka akakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa muna 1942, mushure mokunge asunungurwa.

Aimbova mudzidzi weKharkov uye agitator aitemerwa kuti ave nehupenyu hurefu - akararama kusvika makore makumi masere.

Uye zuva rega rega, saChekhov muranda, akazvinyudza kubva maari dhimoni dema reHondo Yenyika.

Kusiyana neshamwari dzake Paustovsky naGaidar, akanga asiri munyori mukuru. Asi, maererano nendangariro dzevakawanda, Reuben Fraerman aiva mumwe wevanhu vakajeka uye vane mutsa zvikuru vavakasangana navo muupenyu.

Uye mushure meizvi, mitsetse yeRuvim Isaevich inonzwika zvakasiyana zvachose:

"Kurarama hupenyu hwako neruremekedzo pasi pano zvakare hunyanzvi hukuru, pamwe hwakatooma kunzwisisa kupfuura humwe hunyanzvi ...".

PS Uye iwe unofanirwa kuverenga "Iyo Mbavha Katsi", kana iwe usati watove.

Source: www.habr.com