"Gumi neshanu" kana "gumi neshanu" muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo weiyo yakapfava logic mutambo unozivikanwa pasi rese. Kuti ugadzirise dambanemazwi, unofanirwa kuronga masikweya nenhamba zvakarongeka, kubva padiki kusvika pakukura. Hazvisi nyore, asi zvinonakidza.
Muchidzidzo chemazuva ano tinokuratidza maitiro ekugadzira Gumi neshanu muJava 8 neEclipse. Kugadzira UI isu tichashandisa iyo Swing API.
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Dhizaini Yemutambo
Panguva ino iwe unofanirwa kutsanangura maitiro:
- Saizi - saizi yenhandare yekutamba;
- nbTiles - nhamba yema tags mumunda. nbTiles = saizi* saizi - 1;
- Matiles i tag iyo ine-dimensional array ye integers. Imwe neimwe yema tag inogashira kukosha kwakasiyana muhuwandu [0, nbTiles]. Zero inoratidza sikweya isina chinhu;
- blankPos - nzvimbo yenzvimbo isina chinhu.
Game logic
Isu tinofanirwa kutsanangura nzira yekumisikidza inoshandiswa kutanga nzvimbo itsva yemutambo. Nenzira iyi tinoisa kukosha kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe chetags array. Zvakanaka, tobva taisa blankPos munzvimbo yekupedzisira yehurongwa.
Isu tinoda zvakare shuffle nzira yekukwenya ruzhinji rwema tag. Isu hatisanganisi iyo isina chinhu tag mukuita shuffling process kuti tiisiye iri munzvimbo imwechete.
Sezvo hafu chete yezvinzvimbo zvinobvira zvekutanga zvepuzzle zvine mhinduro, unofanirwa kutarisa mhedzisiro yeshuffle mhedzisiro kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti dhizaini yazvino inogoneka. Kuti tiite izvi, tinotsanangura iyo isSolvable nzira.
Kana imwe tag inotangirwa ne tag ine kukosha kwepamusoro, inoonekwa se inversion. Kana iyo nzvimbo isina chinhu iripo, iyo nhamba yeinversions inofanirwa kunge iri kunyange kuti puzzle igadziriswe. Saka isu tinoverenga nhamba yeinversions uye todzoka chokwadi kana nhamba yacho yakaenzana.
Izvo zvakakosha kutsanangura iyo isSolved nzira yekutarisa kana yedu Mutambo Wegumi neshanu dhizaini yagadziriswa. Kutanga tinotarisa pane nzvimbo isina chinhu. Kana munzvimbo yekutanga, ipapo kurongeka kwazvino kuri kutsva, kwete kwakambosarudzwa. Isu tinodzokorora kuburikidza nematairi mune reverse kurongeka, uye kana kukosha kweiyo tag kwakasiyana neinowirirana index +1, isu tinodzokera nhema. Zvikasadaro, pakupera kwenzira yave nguva yekudzoka chokwadi nekuti iyo puzzle yakatogadziriswa.
Imwe nzira inoda kutsanangurwa ndeye newGame. Inodiwa kugadzira chiitiko chitsva chemutambo. Kuti tiite izvi, isu tinoseta zvakare nzvimbo yekutamba, tozoisanganisa uye toenderera mberi kusvika nzvimbo yekutamba yagadziriswa.
Heino muenzaniso kodhi ine kiyi logic ye tag:
private void newGame() {
do {
reset(); // reset in initial state
shuffle(); // shuffle
} while(!isSolvable()); // make it until grid be solvable
gameOver = false;
}
private void reset() {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.length;
}
// we set blank cell at the last
blankPos = tiles.length - 1;
}
private void shuffle() {
// don't include the blank tile in the shuffle, leave in the solved position
int n = nbTiles;
while (n > 1) {
int r = RANDOM.nextInt(n--);
int tmp = tiles[r];
tiles[r] = tiles[n];
tiles[n] = tmp;
}
}
// Only half permutations of the puzzle are solvable/
// Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
// as an inversion. In our case, with the blank tile in the solved position,
// the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle to be solvable
private boolean isSolvable() {
int countInversions = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nbTiles; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (tiles[j] > tiles[i])
countInversions++;
}
}
return countInversions % 2 == 0;
}
private boolean isSolved() {
if (tiles[tiles.length - 1] != 0) // if blank tile is not in the solved position ==> not solved
return false;
for (int i = nbTiles - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (tiles[i] != i + 1)
return false;
}
return true;
}Chekupedzisira, iwe unofanirwa kuronga mafambiro ematagi mune array. Iyi kodhi ichadaidzwa gare gare kuburikidza necallback kupindura kune cursor kufamba. Mutambo wedu uchatsigira akawanda tile mafambiro panguva imwe chete. Saka, mushure mekunge tashandura nzvimbo yakatsikirirwa pahwindo kuita tag, tinowana nzvimbo yeti isina chinhu uye tinotarisa nzira yekufambisa kutsigira akati wandei ekufamba kwayo panguva imwe chete.
Heino muenzaniso wekodhi:
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;Isu tinogadzira UI tichishandisa Swing API
Inguva yekushanda pane interface. Kutanga tinotora kirasi yeJPanel. Ipapo isu tinodhirowa ma tag pamunda - kuverenga hukuru hwechimwe nechimwe, isu tichashandisa iyo data yakatsanangurwa mune yemutambo muvaki paramende:
gridSize = (dim - 2 * margin);
tileSize = gridSize / size;Margin zvakare iri parameter yakaiswa mune yemutambo muvaki.
Zvino isu tinoda kutsanangura iyo drawGrid nzira yekudhirowa gidhi uye mavara pachiratidziri. Isu tinoongorora ruzhinji rwema tag uye tinoshandura marongero kuita mushandisi interface makongisheni. Wodhirowa nzvimbo yega yega nenhamba inoenderana nepakati:
private void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
// we convert 1D coords to 2D coords given the size of the 2D Array
int r = i / size;
int c = i % size;
// we convert in coords on the UI
int x = margin + c * tileSize;
int y = margin + r * tileSize;
// check special case for blank tile
if(tiles[i] == 0) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
drawCenteredString(g, "u2713", x, y);
}
continue;
}
// for other tiles
g.setColor(getForeground());
g.fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
drawCenteredString(g, String.valueOf(tiles[i]), x , y);
}
}Chekupedzisira, ngatipfuurei iyo paintComponent nzira, inotorwa kubva kuJPane kirasi. Isu tobva tashandisa nzira yekudhonzaGrid, ichiteverwa neiyo drawStartMessage nzira kuratidza meseji inotikurudzira kuti tinya kuti utange mutambo:
private void drawStartMessage(Graphics2D g) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setFont(getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 18));
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
String s = "Click to start new game";
g.drawString(s, (getWidth() - g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s)) / 2,
getHeight() - margin);
}
}
private void drawCenteredString(Graphics2D g, String s, int x, int y) {
// center string s for the given tile (x,y)
FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
int asc = fm.getAscent();
int desc = fm.getDescent();
g.drawString(s, x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + desc)) / 2));
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) g;
g2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawGrid(g2D);
drawStartMessage(g2D);
}Kuita kune zviito zvemushandisi muUI
Kuti mutambo uenderere mberi, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa zviito zvemushandisi muUI. Kuti uite izvi, wedzera kuisirwa kweMouseListener paJpanel uye kodhi yekufambisa nzvimbo, yatoratidzwa pamusoro:
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
// used to let users to interact on the grid by clicking
// it's time to implement interaction with users to move tiles to solve the game !
if (gameOver) {
newGame();
} else {
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;
}
// we check if game is solved
gameOver = isSolved();
}
// we repaint panel
repaint();
}
});Isu tinoisa iyo kodhi mumuvaki wekirasi GameOfFifteen. Kumagumo, tinodaidza iyo newGame nzira yekutanga mutambo mutsva.
Full game code
Nhanho yekupedzisira usati waona mutambo uchiitwa ndeyekuisa zvese zvekodhi zvinhu pamwechete. Hezvino zvinoitika:
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
// We are going to create a Game of 15 Puzzle with Java 8 and Swing
// If you have some questions, feel free to read comments ;)
public class GameOfFifteen extends JPanel { // our grid will be drawn in a dedicated Panel
// Size of our Game of Fifteen instance
private int size;
// Number of tiles
private int nbTiles;
// Grid UI Dimension
private int dimension;
// Foreground Color
private static final Color FOREGROUND_COLOR = new Color(239, 83, 80); // we use arbitrary color
// Random object to shuffle tiles
private static final Random RANDOM = new Random();
// Storing the tiles in a 1D Array of integers
private int[] tiles;
// Size of tile on UI
private int tileSize;
// Position of the blank tile
private int blankPos;
// Margin for the grid on the frame
private int margin;
// Grid UI Size
private int gridSize;
private boolean gameOver; // true if game over, false otherwise
public GameOfFifteen(int size, int dim, int mar) {
this.size = size;
dimension = dim;
margin = mar;
// init tiles
nbTiles = size * size - 1; // -1 because we don't count blank tile
tiles = new int[size * size];
// calculate grid size and tile size
gridSize = (dim - 2 * margin);
tileSize = gridSize / size;
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(dimension, dimension + margin));
setBackground(Color.WHITE);
setForeground(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 60));
gameOver = true;
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
// used to let users to interact on the grid by clicking
// it's time to implement interaction with users to move tiles to solve the game !
if (gameOver) {
newGame();
} else {
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;
}
// we check if game is solved
gameOver = isSolved();
}
// we repaint panel
repaint();
}
});
newGame();
}
private void newGame() {
do {
reset(); // reset in intial state
shuffle(); // shuffle
} while(!isSolvable()); // make it until grid be solvable
gameOver = false;
}
private void reset() {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.length;
}
// we set blank cell at the last
blankPos = tiles.length - 1;
}
private void shuffle() {
// don't include the blank tile in the shuffle, leave in the solved position
int n = nbTiles;
while (n > 1) {
int r = RANDOM.nextInt(n--);
int tmp = tiles[r];
tiles[r] = tiles[n];
tiles[n] = tmp;
}
}
// Only half permutations of the puzzle are solvable.
// Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
// as an inversion. In our case, with the blank tile in the solved position,
// the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle to be solvable
private boolean isSolvable() {
int countInversions = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nbTiles; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (tiles[j] > tiles[i])
countInversions++;
}
}
return countInversions % 2 == 0;
}
private boolean isSolved() {
if (tiles[tiles.length - 1] != 0) // if blank tile is not in the solved position ==> not solved
return false;
for (int i = nbTiles - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (tiles[i] != i + 1)
return false;
}
return true;
}
private void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
// we convert 1D coords to 2D coords given the size of the 2D Array
int r = i / size;
int c = i % size;
// we convert in coords on the UI
int x = margin + c * tileSize;
int y = margin + r * tileSize;
// check special case for blank tile
if(tiles[i] == 0) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
drawCenteredString(g, "u2713", x, y);
}
continue;
}
// for other tiles
g.setColor(getForeground());
g.fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
drawCenteredString(g, String.valueOf(tiles[i]), x , y);
}
}
private void drawStartMessage(Graphics2D g) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setFont(getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 18));
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
String s = "Click to start new game";
g.drawString(s, (getWidth() - g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s)) / 2,
getHeight() - margin);
}
}
private void drawCenteredString(Graphics2D g, String s, int x, int y) {
// center string s for the given tile (x,y)
FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
int asc = fm.getAscent();
int desc = fm.getDescent();
g.drawString(s, x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + desc)) / 2));
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) g;
g2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawGrid(g2D);
drawStartMessage(g2D);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setTitle("Game of Fifteen");
frame.setResizable(false);
frame.add(new GameOfFifteen(4, 550, 30), BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
// center on the screen
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}Pakupedzisira, ngatitambe!
Yasvika nguva yekutangisa mutambo uye woiedza mukuita. Munda unofanirwa kutaridzika seizvi:
Ngatiedzei kugadzirisa dambanemazwi. Kana zvese zvikafamba zvakanaka, tinowana izvi:
Ndizvo zvose. Waitarisira zvakawanda here? 🙂
Skillbox inokurudzira:
- Nzira inoshanda .
- Inoshandiswa online course .
- Makore maviri anoshanda kosi .
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