Warshadaha, in ka badan 60% korontadu waxaa isticmaala darawallada koronto ee aan isku midka ahayn - bamgareynta, kombaresarada, hawo-qaadista iyo rakibaadaha kale. Kani waa kan ugu fudud, sidaas darteedna ugu jaban uguna kalsoonida badan nooca matoorka.
Habka teknoolajiyada ee wax soo saarka warshadaha kala duwan waxay u baahan tahay isbeddel dabacsan oo ku yimaada xawaaraha wareega ee wax-qabad kasta. Thanks to horumarinta degdega ah ee tiknoolajiyada elektaroonigga ah iyo kombuyuutarka, iyo sidoo kale rabitaanka ah in la yareeyo khasaaraha korontada, qalabyada ayaa u muuqday xakamaynta dhaqaale ee matoorrada korantada ee noocyada kala duwan. Maqaalkan waxaan ka hadli doonaa sida loo hubiyo xakamaynta ugu waxtarka badan ee wadista korontada. Ka shaqaynta shirkad (kooxda shirkadda ), Waxaan arkaa in macaamiisheena ay si aad ah iyo aad u badan u fiirsanayaan waxtarka tamarta
Inta badan tamarta korantada ee ay isticmasho warshadaynta iyo farsamaynta waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qabto nooc ka mid ah shaqada farsamada. Si loo kaxeeyo qaybaha shaqada ee hababka kala duwan ee wax soo saarka iyo tignoolajiyada, matoorrada korantada ee asynchronous leh rotor-squirrel-cage ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa (mustaqbalka waxaan ka hadli doonaa nooca matoor koronto). Matoorka korantada laftiisa, nidaamka xakamaynta iyo qalabka farsamada ee ka gudbiya dhaqdhaqaaqa ka soo baxa mishiinka mashiinka wax soo saarka ayaa sameeya nidaamka wadista koronto.
Joogitaanka khasaaraha ugu yar ee korantada ee dabaylaha ay sabab u tahay nidaaminta xawaaraha wareegga motorka, suurtagalnimada bilawga siman sababtoo ah korodhka labis ee soo noqnoqda iyo danab - kuwani waa kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee xakamaynta wax ku oolka ah ee matoorada korontada.
Ka dib oo dhan, hore waxaa jiray oo weli jira hababka sida loo xakameeyo engine sida:
- Xakamaynta inta jeer ee rheostatic iyadoo la soo bandhigayo iska caabin firfircoon oo dheeri ah oo ku jira wareegyada wareegyada mootada, oo si isdaba joog ah u wareegaya xiriiriyeyaasha;
- isbeddelka danab ee terminaalka stator, halka inta jeer ee danab sida waa joogto ah oo siman inta jeer ee network AC warshadaha;
- habaynta tallaabo iyadoo la beddelayo tirada lammaane tiirarka dabaylaha stator ah.
Laakiin kuwan iyo hababka kale ee nidaaminta soo noqnoqda waxay wataan cilladda ugu weyn - khasaaraha weyn ee tamarta korantada, iyo sharciyeynta tillaabada, qeexid ahaan, ma aha hab ku filan oo dabacsan.
Ma qasaaro lama huraan ah?
Aynu si faahfaahsan u dul istaagno khasaaraha korantada ee ku dhaca matoor koronto oo aan sinnayn.
Hawlgalka wadista korantada waxaa lagu gartaa tiro koronto iyo farsamooyin ah.
Tirada korantada waxaa ka mid ah:
- Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ,
- hadda motor,
- qulqulka magnetic,
- Awoodda korantada (EMF).
Tirada ugu weyn ee farsamada waa:
- xawaaraha wareega n (rpm),
- Wareegga wareega M (Nβ’m) ee matoorka,
- awoodda farsamada ee matoorka korantada P (W), oo lagu go'aamiyo sheyga qulqulka iyo xawaaraha wareega: P=(Mβ’n)/(9,55).
Si loo tilmaamo xawaaraha dhaqdhaqaaqa wareegtada, oo ay weheliso wareegga wareegga n, tiro kale oo laga yaqaan fiisigiska ayaa la isticmaalaa - xawaaraha xaglaha ah Ο, kaas oo lagu muujiyo radians per second (rad/s). Waxa jira xidhiidhka soo socda ee u dhexeeya xawaaraha xagasha Ο iyo inta jeer ee wareegtada n:
iyadoo la tixgalinayo qaabka ay qaacidadu qaadanayso:
Ku-tiirsanaanta matoorka matoorka M ee xawaaraha wareega ee rotor-kiisa n waxaa loo yaqaan sifada farsamada ee mishiinka korontada. Ogsoonow in marka mashiinka asynchronous uu shaqeeyo, waxa loogu yeero awoodda korantada waxaa laga soo qaadaa stator ilaa rotor iyada oo loo marayo farqiga hawada iyadoo la adeegsanayo goob elektromagnetic ah:
Qayb ka mid ah awooddan waxaa loo gudbiyaa qulqulka rotor ee qaabka awoodda farsamada sida ku xusan muujinta (2), inta soo hartayna waxaa lagu sii daayaa qaabka khasaaraha ee iska caabbinta firfircoon ee dhammaan saddexda weji ee wareegga wareegga.
Khasaarahan, loo yaqaan koronto, waxay la mid yihiin:
Haddaba, khasaaraha korantada waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa afargeeska ah ee hadda maraaya dabaylaha.
Inta badan waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa culeyska matoorka asynchronous. Dhammaan noocyada kale ee khasaaraha, marka laga reebo kuwa korantada, si aad ah ayey isu beddelaan marka loo eego culeyska.
Sidaa darteed, aan tixgelinno sida khasaaraha korantada ee matoorka asynchronous isu beddelo marka xawaaraha wareegga la xakameeyo.
Khasaaraha korantada ee tooska ah ee dabaysha rotor ee matoor koronto ayaa lagu sii daayaa qaabka kulaylka gudaha mashiinka sidaas darteedna go'aamiyo kuleylkeeda. Sida iska cad, weynaanta khasaaraha korantada ee wareegga rotor-ka, hoos u dhaca waxtarka matoorka, ayaa ka yar dhaqaalaha hawlihiisa.
Iyadoo la tixgelinayo in khasaaraha stator-ku uu qiyaas ahaan la siman yahay khasaaraha rotor, rabitaanka in la yareeyo khasaaraha korantada ee rotor-ka ayaa xitaa la fahmi karaa. Habkaas lagu xakameynayo xawaaraha matoorka ayaa ah mid dhaqaale, kaas oo khasaaraha korantada ee rotor-ku uu aad u yar yahay.
Laga soo bilaabo falanqaynta tibaaxaha waxay soo socotaa in habka ugu dhaqaalaha badan ee lagu xakameynayo matoorada ay tahay xawaaraha rotor ee u dhow synchronous.
Dareewalada Joogtada ah ee Kala duwan
Rakibaadaha sida variable-frequency drives (VFDs), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno beddelayaasha soo noqnoqda (FCs) ). Goobahani waxay kuu oggolaanayaan inaad beddesho inta jeer iyo baaxadda korantada saddex-waji ah ee la bixiyo mashiinka korantada, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isbeddel dabacsan oo ku yimaada hababka hawlgalka ee hababka xakamaynta.
Korantada Sare ee Joogtada Isbeddelka ah
Naqshadaynta VFD
Halkan waxaa ah sharaxaad kooban oo ku saabsan beddelayaasha soo noqnoqda ee jira.
Dhisme ahaan, beddeliyuhu waxa uu ka kooban yahay baloogyada la xidhiidha shaqada: xidhidhiyaha beddelka (transformer cabinet); isbedbedeyaal heer-badan ah (qalabka beddelka) iyo nidaamka xakamaynta iyo ilaalinta oo leh unug macluumaad gelin iyo bandhig (xakamaynta iyo ilaalinta golaha).
Golaha wax-ka-beddelka wax-soo-gelinta waxa uu tamarta ka beddelaa korontadda saddexda weji ah una gudbisa koronto-bixiye-gelin badan oo dabayl badan, kaas oo u qaybiya korantada la dhimay una beddelo heer-beddele heer-badan ah.
Kala beddele heerar kala duwan leh ayaa ka kooban unugyo midaysan - beddelayaasha. Tirada unugyada waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa naqshadda gaarka ah iyo soo saaraha. Unug kastaa waxa uu ku qalabaysan yahay rectifier iyo shaandheeyaha isku xidhka DC oo leh rogroter danab buundada ah oo isticmaalaya transistor-ka casriga ah ee IGBT (transistor gate bipolar transistor). Wax gelinta AC hadda ayaa markii hore la saxay ka dibna loo beddelaa hadda beddelka ah oo leh soo noqnoqoshada la hagaajin karo iyo danab iyadoo la adeegsanayo beddele-state adag.
Ilaha ka soo baxa korantada beddelka ah ee la kantaroolo ayaa si taxane ah ugu xidhan xiriiriyayaal, samaynta weji danab. Dhismaha nidaamka tamarta wax soo saarka ee saddex-waji ah ee mishiinka asynchronous waxaa lagu fuliyaa isku xirka isku xirka iyadoo loo eegayo wareegga "STAR".
Nidaamka xakamaynta ilaalintu wuxuu ku yaalaa golaha xakamaynta iyo ilaalinta waxaana wakiil ka ah unug microprocessor multifunctional leh nidaamka sahayda korantada ee ka imanaya ilaha korantada ee beddelaha, qalab macluumaad gelin / soo saarid iyo dareemayaasha aasaasiga ah ee hababka korantada ee beddelaha.
Badbaadinta kartida: wada tirinta
Iyada oo ku saleysan xogta ay bixiso Mitsubishi Electric, waxaan qiimeyn doonaa awoodda badbaadinta tamarta marka aan soo bandhigno beddelayaasha soo noqnoqda.
Marka hore, aan aragno sida ay korontadu u beddesho hababka xakamaynta mishiinka ee kala duwan:
Hadda aan tusaale u soo qaadanno xisaabinta.
Waxtarka korantada: 96,5%;
Waxtarka wadista soo noqnoqda ee isbedbedesha: 97%;
Awoodda usha taageere ee mugga magac ahaan: 1100 kW;
Tilmaamaha taageeraha: H=1,4 p.u at S = 0;
Wakhti buuxa oo shaqo sannadkii: 8000 h.
Qaababka hawlgelinta taageere ee waafaqsan jadwalka:
Garaafka waxaan ka helnaa xogta soo socota:
100% isticmaalka hawada - 20% wakhtiga shaqada sanadkii;
70% isticmaalka hawada - 50% wakhtiga shaqada sanadkii;
50% isticmaalka hawada - 30% wakhtiga shaqada sanadkii.
Kaydinta u dhaxaysa hawlgalka lagu qiimeeyay culayska iyo hawlgalka ee leh awooda lagu xakamaynayo xawaaraha mootada (shaqaynta la socota VFD) waxay la mid tahay:
7 kWh/sanad - 446 kWh/sanad= 400 kWh/sanadkii
Aynu xisaabta ku darno qiimaha korantada oo la mid ah 1 kWh / 5,5 rubles. Waxaa xusid mudan in qiimaha loo qaato iyadoo loo eegayo qaybta qiimaha koowaad iyo celceliska qiimaha mid ka mid ah shirkadaha warshadaha ee Territory Primorsky ee 2019.
Aynu u helno kaydka qaab lacageed:
3 kWh/sanad*600 rub/kWh= 000 rub/sanad
Dhaqanka fulinta mashaariicda noocan oo kale ah ayaa u oggolaanaya, iyada oo la tixgelinayo kharashka hawlgalka iyo dayactirka, iyo sidoo kale kharashka beddelayaasha inta jeer ee naftooda, si loo gaaro muddada dib-u-celinta ee 3 sano.
Sida tirooyinka muujinaya, shaki kuma jiro suurtagalnimada dhaqaale ee soo bandhigida VFDs. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamaynta hirgelintoodu kuma koobna dhaqaalaha oo keliya. VFD-yadu waxay si habsami leh u bilaabaan mishiinka, iyagoo si weyn u dhimaya xidhidhnimadiisa, laakiin waxaan ka hadli doonaa tan marka xigta.
Source: www.habr.com