Namhlanje siza kuhlalutya i-metrics ye-disk subsystem kwi-vSphere. Ingxaki yokugcina sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo somatshini ocothayo wenyani. Ukuba, kwimeko ye-CPU kunye ne-RAM, iingxaki ziphela kwinqanaba le-hypervisor, ngoko ukuba kukho iingxaki ngediski, unokujongana nenethiwekhi yedatha kunye nenkqubo yokugcina.
Ndiza kuxubusha isihloko usebenzisa umzekelo wokufikelela kwibhloko kwiinkqubo zokugcina, nangona ukufikelela kweefayile ii-counters ziphantse zifana.
Ingcamango ethile
Xa uthetha malunga nokusebenza kwedisk subsystem yoomatshini benyani, abantu bahlala benikela ingqalelo kwiiparamitha ezintathu ezinxulumeneyo:
- inani lemisebenzi yegalelo/imveliso (Igalelo/Imveliso yeMisebenzi ngeSibini, IOPS);
- imveliso
- ulibaziseko lwemisebenzi yokufaka/yemveliso (Latency).
Inani le-IOPS ngokuqhelekileyo ibalulekile kumthwalo wemisebenzi engaqhelekanga: ukufikelela kwiibhloko zedisk ezibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo womthwalo onjalo unokuba yi-database, izicelo zoshishino (ERP, CRM), njl.
Ngokusetyenziswa kubalulekile kwimithwalo elandelelanayo: ukufikelela kwiibhloko ezibekwe enye emva kwenye. Umzekelo, iiseva zefayile (kodwa azisoloko) kunye neenkqubo zokucupha ividiyo zinokuvelisa umthwalo onjalo.
Ugqithiso lunxulumene nenani lemisebenzi ye-I/O ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ungeniso = IOPS * Ubungakanani bebhlokhi, apho ubungakanani bebhloko bubukhulu bebhloko.
Ubungakanani bebhloko luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu. Iinguqulelo zanamhlanje ze-ESXi zivumela iibhloko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-32 KB ngobukhulu. Ukuba ibhloko inkulu ngakumbi, yahlulahlulwe yaba liqela. Ayizizo zonke iinkqubo zokugcina ezinokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye neebhloko ezinkulu, ngoko kukho iparamitha yeDiskMaxIOSize kwi-ESXi Useto oluPhezulu. Ukuyisebenzisa, unokunciphisa ubukhulu bebhloko yebhloko etsitywayo yi-hypervisor (iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu ). Ngaphambi kokutshintsha le parameter, ndincoma ukuba udibane nomenzi wenkqubo yokugcina okanye ubuncinane uvavanye utshintsho kwibhentshi yebhubhoratri.
Ubungakanani obukhulu bebhloko bunokuba nefuthe elibi ekusebenzeni kokugcina. Nokuba inani le-IOPS kunye ne-throughput lincinci, i-latencies ephezulu inokubonwa ngobungakanani obukhulu bebhloko. Ngoko ke, nikela ingqalelo kule parameter.
Ukuhamba -eyona parameter yokusebenza inomdla. Ukubambezeleka kwe-I/O kumatshini wenyani siquka:
- ukulibaziseka ngaphakathi kwe-hypervisor (KAVG, i-Average Kernel MilliSec / Read);
- ukulibaziseka okunikezelwa yinethiwekhi yothumelo lwedatha kunye nenkqubo yokugcina (DAVG, i-Average Driver MilliSec/Command).
I-latency iyonke ebonakalayo kwi-OS yeendwendwe (GAVG, i-Average Guest MilliSec/Command) sisixa se-KAVG kunye ne-DAVG.
I-GAVG kunye ne-DAVG ziyalinganiswa kwaye i-KAVG ibalwa: i-GAVG–DAVG.
Makhe sijonge ngakumbi KAVG. Ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, i-KAVG kufuneka ityekele ku-zero okanye ibe ngaphantsi kakhulu kune-DAVG. Imeko kuphela endiyaziyo apho i-KAVG ilindeleke ukuba phezulu ngumda we-IOPS kwidiski yeVM. Kule meko, xa uzama ukudlula umda, i-KAVG iya kwanda.
Elona candelo libalulekileyo le-KAVG yi-QAVG-ixesha lomgca wokucwangcisa ngaphakathi kwe-hypervisor. Amacandelo aseleyo e-KAVG awanamsebenzi.
Umgca kumqhubi we-adaptha yediski kunye nomgca oya kwiinyanga unobungakanani obusisigxina. Kwiimeko-bume ezilayishwe kakhulu, kunokuba luncedo ukwandisa obu bukhulu. ichaza indlela yokunyusa imigca kumqhubi weadaptha (ngaxeshanye umgca wokuya kwiinyanga uya kwanda). Olu seto lusebenza xa i-VM enye kuphela isebenza nenyanga, nto leyo enqabileyo. Ukuba kukho ii-VM ezininzi enyangeni, kufuneka ukwandise iparamitha Disk.SchedNumReqOutstanding (imiyalelo ). Ngokwandisa umgca, unciphisa i-QAVG kunye ne-KAVG ngokulandelelana.
Kodwa kwakhona, qala ufunde amaxwebhu avela kumthengisi we-HBA kwaye uvavanye utshintsho kwibhentshi yelebhu.
Ubungakanani bomgca wokuya enyangeni bunokuchaphazeleka ngokubandakanywa kwe-SIOC (Ukugcinwa kwe-I/O Control) indlela. Inika ukufikelela okufanayo enyangeni kuzo zonke iiseva ezikwiqela ngokutshintsha ngamandla umgca uye enyangeni kwiiseva. Oko kukuthi, ukuba enye yeenginginya iqhuba i-VM efuna ubungakanani obungalinganiyo bokusebenza (ummelwane onomsindo we-VM), i-SIOC inciphisa ubude bomgca ukuya enyangeni kulenginginya (DQLEN). Iinkcukacha ezingakumbi .
Siye salungisa KAVG, ngoku kancinci malunga DAVG. Yonke into ilula apha: I-DAVG kukulibaziseka okwaziswe yimeko yangaphandle (inethiwekhi yedatha kunye nenkqubo yokugcina). Yonke inkqubo yangoku kwaye ayinjalo yangoku, inezixhobo zayo zokubala zokusebenza. Ukuhlalutya iingxaki nge-DAVG, kunengqiqo ukuzijonga. Ukuba yonke into ilungile kwicala ESXi kunye nokugcinwa, khangela inethiwekhi data.
Ukunqanda iingxaki zokusebenza, khetha uMgaqo-nkqubo wokuKhetha iNdlela echanekileyo (PSP) kwinkqubo yakho yokugcina. Phantse zonke iinkqubo zokugcina zanamhlanje zixhasa i-PSP Round-Robin (kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-ALUA, i-Asymmetric Logical Unit Access). Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise zonke iindlela ezikhoyo kwinkqubo yokugcina. Kwimeko ye-ALUA, kuphela iindlela eziya kumlawuli ongumnikazi wenyanga ezisetyenziswayo. Ayizizo zonke iinkqubo zokugcina kwi ESXi zinemigaqo engagqibekanga emisela umgaqo-nkqubo we-Round-Robin. Ukuba akukho mgaqo wenkqubo yakho yokugcina, sebenzisa iplagin evela kumenzi wenkqubo yokugcina, eya kudala umgaqo ohambelanayo kuyo yonke imikhosi kwiqela, okanye uzenzele umthetho. Iinkcukacha .
Kwakhona, abanye abavelisi benkqubo yokugcina batusa ukutshintsha inani le-IOPS kwindlela nganye ukusuka kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-1000 ukuya kwi-1. Kwinkqubo yethu, oku kwenza ukuba "ucuthe" ukusebenza okungaphezulu kwenkqubo yokugcina kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha elifunekayo kwi-failover. kwimeko yokusilela komlawuli okanye uhlaziyo. Jonga iingcebiso zomthengisi, kwaye ukuba akukho zichaso, zama ukutshintsha le parameter. Iinkcukacha .
Izinto zokubala zokusebenza zedisk ezisisiseko zomatshini wenyani
Izixhobo zokubala zenkqubo esezantsi yeDiski kwi-vCenter ziqokelelwa kwiDatha yeDatha, iDiski, amacandelo eDiski yeVirtual:
Kulo candelo Uvimba wedatha kukho iimetrics ze vSphere disk storages (datastores) apho iidiski zeVM zibekwe khona. Apha uya kufumana izixhobo zokubala eziqhelekileyo:
- IOPS (Umndilili wokufunda/ubhala izicelo ngomzuzwana),
- ukugqiba (umlinganiselo wokufunda/uBhala),
- ulibaziseko (Funda/Bhala/Owona bambelelo uphezulu).
Ngokomgaqo, yonke into icacile kumagama wokubala. Makhe nditsale ingqalelo yakho kwakhona kwinto yokuba izibalo apha ayizizo ezeVM ethile (okanye idiski yeVM), kodwa izibalo ngokubanzi zedatastore iyonke. Ngokombono wam, kulungele ngakumbi ukujonga ezi zibalo kwi-ESXTOP, ubuncinane ngokusekelwe kwinto yokuba ixesha elincinane lokulinganisa kukho imizuzwana emi-2.
Kulo candelo disk kukho iimetrikhi kwizixhobo zebhloko ezisetyenziswa yi-VM. Kukho izinto zokubala ze-IOPS zodidi lwe-summer (inani lemisebenzi yegalelo/imveliso ngexesha lomlinganiselo) kunye nezixhobo zokubala ezininzi ezinxulumene nokufikelela kwibhlokhi (iMiyalelo iyekisiwe, ukusetwa ngokutsha kwebhasi). Ngokoluvo lwam, kukwakulungele ngakumbi ukujonga olu lwazi kwi-ESXTOP.
Icandelo Idiski ebonakalayo -eyona nto iluncedo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukufumana iingxaki zentsebenzo yenkqubo esezantsi yediski yeVM. Apha ungabona ukusebenza kwediski nganye enenyani. Lulwazi olufunekayo ukuqonda ukuba ingaba umatshini othile wenyani unengxaki. Ukongeza kwizinto zokubala eziqhelekileyo zenani lemisebenzi ye-I / O, funda / bhala umthamo kunye nokulibaziseka, eli candelo liqulethe izinto zokubala eziluncedo ezibonisa ubungakanani bebhloko: Funda / Bhala ubungakanani besicelo.
Kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi igrafu yokusebenza kwediski ye-VM, apho unokubona inani le-IOPS, i-latency kunye nobukhulu bebhloko.
Unako kwakhona ukujonga ukusebenza kweemetrics kwidatastore yonke ukuba i-SIOC yenziwe yasebenza. Nalu ulwazi olusisiseko kumndilili weLatency kunye ne-IOPS. Ngokungagqibekanga, olu lwazi lunokujongwa kuphela ngexesha lokwenyani.
ESXTOP
I-ESXTOP inezikrini ezininzi ezibonelela ngolwazi kwi-subsystem yedisk yomkhosi iyonke, oomatshini benyani kunye neediski zabo.
Makhe siqale ngolwazi koomatshini benyani. Isikrini se "Disk VM" sibizwa ngeqhosha elithi "v":
NVDISK linani leediski zeVM. Ukujonga ulwazi kwidiski nganye, cinezela "e" kwaye ufake i-GID ye-VM yomdla.
Intsingiselo yeeparamitha eziseleyo kwesi sikrini icacile kumagama abo.
Esinye isikrini esiluncedo xa ulungisa ingxaki yi-adaptha yeDiski. Ibizwa liqhosha elithi "d" (imimandla A,B,C,D,E,G ikhethiwe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi):
NPTH – inani leendlela eziya kwiinyanga ezibonakalayo kule adaptha. Ukufumana ulwazi lwendlela nganye ekwiadaptha, cofa u-“e” kwaye ufake igama leadaptha:
AQLEN – ubungakanani bomgca ophezulu kwiadaptha.
Kwakhona kwesi sikrini kukho izinto zokubala zokulibaziseka endithethe ngazo ngasentla: KAVG/cmd, GAVG/cmd, DAVG/cmd, QAVG/cmd.
Isikrini sesixhobo seDiski, esibizwa ngokucofa iqhosha elithi "u", libonelela ngolwazi kwizixhobo zebhloko ezizimeleyo - iinyanga (amasimi A, B, F, G, ndikhethwe kumfanekiso ongezantsi). Apha unokubona ubume bomgca weenyanga.
DQLEN – ubungakanani bomgca wesixhobo sebhloko.
ACTV – inani I/O imiyalelo kwi ESXi kernel.
QUED – inani lemiyalelo ye-I/O emgceni.
%IUSD – ACTV / DQLEN × 100%.
LOAD – (ACTV + QUED) / DQLEN.
Ukuba i-% USD iphezulu, kufuneka ucinge ngokunyusa umgca. Imiyalelo emininzi emgceni, iphezulu i-QAVG kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, i-KAVG.
Unako kwakhona ukubona kwisixhobo seDiski isikrini ukuba ngaba iVAAI (vStorage API for Array Integration) iyasebenza kwindlela yokugcina. Ukwenza oku, khetha iindawo A kunye no-O.
Indlela ye-VAAI ikuvumela ukuba udlulise inxalenye yomsebenzi kwi-hypervisor ngokuthe ngqo kwisistim sokugcina, umzekelo, i-zeroing, ukukopisha iibhloko okanye ukuvimba.
Njengoko ubona kumfanekiso ongentla, i-VAAI isebenza kule nkqubo yokugcina: I-Zero kunye ne-ATS yokuqala zisetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo.
Iingcebiso zokuphucula umsebenzi ngenkqubo ephantsi yedisk kwi ESXi
- Nika ingqalelo ubungakanani bebhloko.
- Seta obona bungakanani bomgca kwi-HBA.
- Ungalibali ukwenza i-SIOC isebenze kwiivenkile zedatha.
- Khetha i-PSP ngokuhambelana neengcebiso zomenzi wenkqubo yokugcina.
- Qinisekisa ukuba i-VAAI iyasebenza.
Amanqaku aluncedo ngesihloko:
umthombo: www.habr.com