Inguqulelo yesine ye-OpenShift ikhutshwe kutsha nje. Inguqulo yangoku ye-4.3 sele ikhona ukususela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari kwaye zonke iinguqu ezikuyo mhlawumbi ziyinto entsha ngokupheleleyo eyayingekho kwinguqulo yesithathu, okanye uhlaziyo olukhulu lwento evele kwinguqulo 4.1. Yonke into esiza kukuxelela yona ngoku ifuna ukwaziwa, iqondwe kwaye ithathelwe ingqalelo ngabo basebenza nge-OpenShift kwaye bacwangcise ukutshintshela kwinguqulelo entsha.
Ngokukhutshwa kwe-OpenShift 4.2, i-Red Hat yenze ukusebenza ne-Kubernetes kwaba lula. Izixhobo ezitsha kunye neeplagi ziye zavela ekudaleni izitya, iipayipi zeCI / CD kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle komncedisi. Izinto ezintsha zinika abaphuhlisi ithuba lokugxila kwikhowudi yokubhala, kwaye kungekhona ekujonganeni neKubernetes.
Ngokwenyani, yintoni entsha kwiinguqulelo ze-OpenShift 4.2 kunye ne-4.3?
Ukuya kumafu axubileyo
Xa ucwangcisa isiseko esitsha se-IT okanye xa uphuhlisa indawo ye-IT ekhoyo, iinkampani ziqwalasela ngakumbi indlela yefu ekuboneleleni ngezixhobo ze-IT, apho ziphumeza izisombululo zamafu zabucala okanye zisebenzise amandla ababoneleli befu likawonkewonke. Ngaloo ndlela, iziseko ze-IT zanamhlanje ziyanda ukwakhiwa ngokwemodeli yefu "ye-hybrid", xa zombini izixhobo ezingaphakathi kunye nezixhobo zefu zoluntu ezinenkqubo yokulawula eqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa. I-Red Hat OpenShift 4.2 yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukwenza lula ukuguquka kwimodeli yefu ye-hybridi kwaye yenza kube lula ukudibanisa izixhobo ezivela kubaboneleli abafana ne-AWS, i-Azure kunye ne-Google Cloud Platform ukuya kwiqela, kunye nokusebenzisa amafu abucala kwi-VMware kunye ne-OpenStack.
Indlela entsha yokufaka
Kwinguqulo yesi-4, indlela yokufaka i-OpenShift itshintshile. I-Red Hat ibonelela ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo sokusebenzisa i-OpenShift cluster - openshift-install. Uncedo yifayile yokubini enye ebhalwe kwi Go. I-Openshit-installer ilungisa ifayile ye-yaml ngolungelelwaniso olufunekayo ukuze isetyenziswe.
Kwimeko yokufakela usebenzisa izixhobo zefu, kuya kufuneka uchaze ulwazi oluncinci malunga neqela elizayo: indawo ye-DNS, inani leendawo zabasebenzi, izicwangciso ezithile zomnikezeli wefu, ulwazi lwe-akhawunti lokufikelela kumnikezeli wefu. Emva kokulungiselela ifayile yoqwalaselo, iqela lingasetyenziswa ngomyalelo omnye.
Kwimeko yofakelo kwizixhobo zakho zekhompyuter, umzekelo, xa usebenzisa ilifu labucala (i-vSphere kunye ne-OpenStack zixhaswa) okanye xa ufaka kwiiseva zentsimbi ezingenanto, kuya kufuneka ukuba uqwalasele iziseko zophuhliso ngesandla - lungisa inani elincinci lomatshini obonakalayo okanye iiseva eziphathekayo ezifunekayo ukwenza iqela lePlane yoLawulo, ukuqwalasela iinkonzo zenethiwekhi. Emva kolu lungelelwaniso, iqela le-OpenShift linokwenziwa ngokufanayo ngomyalelo omnye we-openshift-installer utility.
Uhlaziyo lweziseko zophuhliso
Ukudityaniswa kweCoreOS
Uhlaziyo oluphambili ludibaniso kunye neRed Hat CoreOS. I-Red Hat OpenShift ii-master node zinokusebenza ngoku kuphela kwi-OS entsha. Le yinkqubo yokusebenza yasimahla evela kwiRed Hat eyilelwe ngokukodwa izisombululo zesikhongozeli. I-Red Hat CoreOS yiLinux ekhaphukhaphu elungiselelwe ukuqhuba izikhongozeli.
Ukuba kwi-3.11 inkqubo yokusebenza kunye ne-OpenShift ikhona ngokwahlukileyo, ngoko kwi-4.2 idibaniswa ngokungenakuphikiswa kunye ne-OpenShift. Ngoku esi sisixhobo esinye-iziseko ezingundoqo ezingenakuguqulwa.
Kumaqela asebenzisa i-RHCOS kuzo zonke iindawo, ukuphuculwa kwe-OpenShift Container Platform yinkqubo elula nezenzekelayo.
Ngaphambili, ukuhlaziya i-OpenShift, kufuneka uqale uhlaziye inkqubo esisiseko yokusebenza apho imveliso yayisebenza (ngelo xesha, iRed Hat Enterprise Linux). Kulapho kuphela apho i-OpenShift inokuthi ihlaziywe ngokuthe ngcembe, i-node nge-node. Kwakungekho ntetho nayiphi na i-automation yenkqubo.
Ngoku, ekubeni i-OpenShift Container Platform ilawula ngokupheleleyo iinkqubo kunye neenkonzo kwi-node nganye, kuquka ne-OS, lo msebenzi usonjululwa ngokucofa iqhosha kwi-interface yewebhu. Emva koku, umqhubi okhethekileyo uqaliswa ngaphakathi kweqela le-OpenShift, elilawula yonke inkqubo yohlaziyo.
I-CSI entsha
Okwesibini, i-CSI entsha isilawuli se-interface yokugcina evumela ukuba udibanise iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokugcina zangaphandle kwiqela le-OpenShift. Inani elikhulu lababoneleli bomqhubi wokugcina we-OpenShift baxhaswa ngokusekelwe kubaqhubi abagciniweyo ababhaliweyo ngabavelisi benkqubo yokugcina ngokwabo. Uluhlu olupheleleyo lwabaqhubi beCSI abaxhaswayo banokufumaneka kolu xwebhu: . Kulo luhlu unokufumana zonke iimodeli eziphambili zedisk arrays ezivela kubavelisi abahamba phambili (Dell / EMC, IBM, NetApp, Hitachi, HPE, PureStorage), izisombululo zeSDS (Ceph) kunye nokugcinwa kwefu (AWS, Azure, Google). I-OpenShift 4.2 ixhasa abaqhubi be-CSI benguqulo ye-CSI ye-1.1.
RedHat OpenShift Service Mesh
Ngokusekelwe kwiiprojekthi ze-Istio, i-Kiali kunye ne-Jaeger, i-Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo yezicelo zomzila phakathi kweenkonzo, ivumela ukulandelwa kunye nokubonwa kwabo. Oku kunceda abaphuhlisi banxibelelane ngokulula, babeke iliso, kwaye balawule usetyenziso olufakwe ngaphakathi kwe-OpenShift ye-Red Hat.
Ukubonwa kwesicelo esine-architecture ye-microservice usebenzisa i-Kiali
Ukwenza lula ukufakela, ukugcinwa, kunye nokulawulwa kwe-Service Mesh kangangoko kunokwenzeka, i-Red Hat OpenShift ibonelela ngabalawuli ngomsebenzi okhethekileyo, i-Service Mesh Operator. Lo ngumqhubi we-Kubernetes ovumela ukuba usebenzise i-Istio ehlaziyiweyo, i-Kiali kunye ne-Jaeger iiphakheji kwi-cluster, ukwandisa umthwalo wolawulo wokulawula izicelo.
CRI-O endaweni yeDocker
I-Docker yexesha lokuqhuba yesikhongozeli esimiselweyo sithathelwe indawo yi-CRI-O. Kwakunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-CRI-O sele ikwinguqulo 3.11, kodwa kwi-4.2 yaba yinto ephambili. Ayilungile okanye imbi, kodwa into ekufuneka uyikhumbule xa usebenzisa imveliso.
Abaqhubi kunye nokusasazwa kwezicelo
Abaqhubi liqumrhu elitsha le-RedHat OpenShift, elivele kwinguqulo yesine. Yindlela yokupakisha, ukuthumela, kunye nokulawula usetyenziso lweKubernetes. Inokucingwa njenge-plugin yezicelo ezifakwe kwii-container, eziqhutywa yi-Kubernetes API kunye nezixhobo ze-kubectl.
Abaqhubi be-Kubernetes banceda ukwenza nayiphi na imisebenzi ehambelana nolawulo kunye nolawulo lwe-lifecycle yesicelo osithumela kwiqela lakho. Ngokomzekelo, umqhubi unokwenza uhlaziyo oluzenzekelayo, i-backups kunye nokukala kwesicelo, ukutshintsha ukucwangciswa, njl. Uluhlu olupheleleyo lwabasebenzi lunokufumaneka apha .
I-OperatorHub ifikeleleka ngokuthe ngqo kwi-intanethi ye-console yolawulo. Luluhlu lwesicelo lwe-OpenShift olugcinwe yi-Red Hat. Ezo. bonke abaqhubi abavunyiweyo be-Red Hat baya kuhlawulwa ngenkxaso yomthengisi.
I-OperatorHub portal kwikhonsoli yolawulo ye-OpenShift
Umfanekiso osisiseko jikelele
Yiseti esemgangathweni yemifanekiso ye-RHEL OS enokusetyenziswa ukwakha usetyenziso lwakho olufakwe kwisikhongozeli. Kukho iiseti ezincinci, ezisemgangathweni kunye nezipheleleyo. Bathatha indawo encinci kakhulu kwaye baxhasa zonke iipakethe ezifakiweyo eziyimfuneko kunye neelwimi zeprogram.
Izixhobo zeCI/CD
Kwi-RedHat OpenShif 4.2, kuye kwenzeka ukuba ukhethe phakathi kweJenkins kunye ne-OpenShift Pipelines esekelwe kwiMibhobho yeTekton.
Imibhobho ye-OpenShift isekwe kwiTekton, exhaswa ngcono yiPipeline njengoko iKhowudi kunye neGitOps isondela. Kwimibhobho ye-OpenShift, inyathelo ngalinye liqhuba kwisikhongozeli salo, ke izixhobo zisetyenziswa kuphela ngelixa inyathelo liphunyezwa. Oku kunika abaphuhlisi ulawulo olupheleleyo kwimibhobho yokuhanjiswa kwemodyuli, iiplagi, kunye nolawulo lokufikelela ngaphandle komncedisi ophakathi weCI/CD wokulawula.
Imibhobho ye-OpenShift okwangoku ikuMvelisi wangaphambili kwaye iyafumaneka njengomqhubi kwiqela le-OpenShift 4.
Uhlaziyo loLawulo loPhuhlisi
Kwi-4.2 OpenShift, ujongano lwewebhu luhlaziywe ngokupheleleyo kubo bobabini abaphuhlisi kunye nabalawuli.
Kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili ze-OpenShift, wonke umntu wasebenza kwii-consoles ezintathu: ulawulo lwenkonzo, ikhonsoli yomlawuli kunye nekhonsoli yomsebenzi. Ngoku iqela lihlulwe libe ngamacandelo amabini kuphela - i-console yomlawuli kunye ne-console yonjiniyela.
Ikhonsoli yoPhuhlisi ifumene uphuculo olubalulekileyo lomsebenzisi. Ngoku ibonakalisa ngokulula ngakumbi i-topology yezicelo kunye neendibano zazo. Oku kwenza kube lula kubaphuhlisi ukuba benze, basebenzise, ββkwaye babone usetyenziso oluqulathiweyo kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo. Ibavumela ukuba bagxininise kwizinto ezibalulekileyo kubo.
I-portal yomphuhlisi kwikhonsoli yolawulo ye-OpenShift
Indlebe
I-Odo sisixhobo somgca womyalelo ojolise kumphuhlisi owenza lula uphuhliso lwesicelo kwi-OpenShift. Ukusebenzisa i-git push style yonxibelelwano, le CLI inceda abaphuhlisi abatsha kwi-Kubernetes ukwakha izicelo kwi-OpenShift.
Ukudityaniswa neemeko zophuhliso
Abaphuhlisi ngoku banokukha, balungise kwaye basebenzise izicelo zabo kwi-OpenShift ngaphandle kokushiya indawo abayithandayo yophuhliso lwekhowudi, njengeMicrosoft Visual Studio, iJetBrains (kubandakanywa ne-IntelliJ), i-Eclipse Desktop, njl.
Ukwandiswa komnqwazi obomvu we-OpenShift kwiMicrosoft Azure DevOps
Ukwandiswa kwe-OpenShift Hat ye-Red Hat ye-Microsoft Azure DevOps ikhutshiwe. Abasebenzisi besi sixhobo se-DevOps ngoku banokufaka izicelo zabo kwi-Azure Red Hat OpenShift okanye naliphi na elinye iqela le-OpenShift ngqo ukusuka kwi-Microsoft Azure DevOps.
Utshintsho ukusuka kwinguqulelo yesithathu ukuya kweyesine
Ekubeni sithetha ngokukhululwa okutsha, kwaye kungekhona uhlaziyo, awukwazi ukubeka inguqulo yesine phezulu kweyesithathu. Uhlaziyo ukusuka kwinguqulo yesi-3 ukuya kwinguqulo yesi-4 akusayi kuxhaswa..
Kodwa kukho iindaba ezilungileyo: I-Red Hat inikeza izixhobo zokufuduka iiprojekthi ukusuka kwi-3.7 ukuya kwi-4.2. Unokufuduka imithwalo yemisebenzi yesicelo usebenzisa i-Cluster Application Migration (CAM) isixhobo. I-CAM ikuvumela ukuba ulawule ukufuduka kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kwesicelo.
I-OpenShift 4.3
Izinto ezintsha ezintsha ezichazwe kweli nqaku zivele kwinguqulo 4.2. Utshintsho olusanda kukhutshwa lwe-4.3 alukho lukhulu, kodwa kusekho izinto ezintsha. Uluhlu lweenguqu lubanzi kakhulu, nantsi eyona ibalulekileyo kuluvo lwethu:
Hlaziya inguqulo ye-Kubernetes kwi-1.16.
Inguqulelo yaphuculwa ngamanyathelo amabini kanye; kwi-OpenShift 4.2 yayiyi-1.14.
Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwedatha kwi etcd
Ukuqala ngenguqulo ye-4.3, kuye kwenzeka ukubethela idatha kwi-database etcd. Nje ukuba uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo luvuliwe, kuyakwenzeka ukuguqulela i-OpenShift API elandelayo kunye nezixhobo ze-API ze-Kubernetes: Iimfihlo, i-ConfigMaps, Iindlela, iithokheni zofikelelo, kunye nogunyaziso lwe-OAuth.
Helm
Inkxaso eyongeziweyo ye-Helm version 3, umphathi wephakheji eyaziwayo ye-Kubernetes. Okwangoku, inkxaso inesimo se-TECHNOLOGY PREVIEW. Inkxaso yeHelm iya kwandiswa kwinkxaso epheleleyo kwiinguqulelo ezizayo ze-OpenShift. I-helm cli utility iza ne-OpenShift kwaye inokukhutshelwa kwi-cluster management web console.
Uhlaziyo lweDashboard yeProjekthi
Kuhlobo olutsha, iProjekthi yeDashboard inikezela ngolwazi olongezelelweyo kwiphepha leprojekthi: ubume beprojekthi, ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo, kunye nezabelo zeprojekthi.
Ukubonisa ubuthathaka kwi-quay kwi-Web console
Uphawu longezwe kwikhonsoli yolawulo ukubonisa ubuthathaka obaziwayo bemifanekiso kwiindawo zokugcina zeQuay. Ukubonisa ubuthathaka bogcino lwasekhaya nangaphandle kuyaxhaswa.
Ukwenziwa lula kwe-opharetha hub ngaphandle kweintanethi
Kwimeko yokuhambisa i-OpenShift cluster kwinethiwekhi esecaleni, apho ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kunqunyelwe okanye kungabikho, ukudala "isibuko" kwirejista ye-OperatorHub yenziwe lula. Ngoku oku kunokwenziwa ngamaqela amathathu kuphela.
Ababhali:
UVictor Puchkov, uYuri Semenyukov
umthombo: www.habr.com