Apho ukuya khona ngolu lwazi, yintoni onokuyenza kwiprojekthi kunye nokuba ungakanani ukufumana, into ongayithetha kwaye ubuze kudliwano-ndlebe - uthi uAlexander Titov, iqabane elilawulayo le-Express 42 kunye nombhali .
Mholo! Nangona igama elithi DevOps likho ukususela kwi-2009, akukabikho mvumelwano kuluntu lwaseRashiya. Mhlawumbi uqaphele ukuba abanye bajonga i-DevOps njengento ekhethekileyo, abanye bayithathe njengefilosofi, kwaye abanye bajonga igama njengeseti yetekhnoloji. Sele ndiqhube amaxesha amaninzi nge malunga nokuphuhliswa kolu lwalathiso, ngoko andiyi kungena kwiinkcukacha kweli nqaku. Manditsho nje ukuba kwi-Express 42 sibandakanya oku kulandelayo kuyo:
I-DevOps yindlela ethile, inkcubeko yokwenza imveliso yedijithali, xa zonke iingcali kwiqela zithatha inxaxheba kwimveliso.
Kuphuhliso lwenkampani yakudala, yonke into ihamba ngokulandelelana: inkqubo, uvavanyo kunye nokusebenza kuphela, kwaye isantya sale nkqubo ukusuka kwingcamango ukuya kwimveliso ziinyanga ezi-3. Le yingxaki yehlabathi kwiimveliso zedijithali, kuba akunakwenzeka ukufumana ngokukhawuleza impendulo evela kubathengi.
Kwi-DevOps, izixhobo kunye neendlela zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphuhliso, uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zisebenza ngaxeshanye.
Yintoni elandelayo kule ndlela yokwenza?
- Awukwazi ukuqesha "injineli" eya kuza kwaye isombulule zonke iingxaki ngemveliso. Iqela lonke kufuneka lisebenzise ubuchule.
- I-DevOps AYIYONA indlela elandelayo ye-sysadmin ekuphuculeni kuyo. "Injineli ye-DevOps" ivakala ngokufanayo "nomphuhlisi oAgile."
- Ukuba iqela lisebenzisa i-Kubernetes, i-Ansible, i-Prometheus, i-Mesosphere kunye ne-Docker, oku akuthethi ukuba izenzo ze-DevOps ziphunyezwe apho.
Ubomi emva kweDevOps soze bufane
Indlela ye-DevOps, okokuqala, indlela yokucinga eyahlukileyo, imbono yophuhliso ngokubanzi kunye nendawo yomntu kwinkqubo. Sahlulahlula ikhosi yethu ye-intanethi yaba ziibhloko ezi-2:
1. Ukuzimisela
Okokuqala, sivavanya ngokweenkcukacha undoqo wendlela ye-DevOps, kwaye abafundi bafumanisa iindima ezintsha kwiqela, babone ukuba yeyiphi na ephendula ngakumbi, kwaye bazimisele ngokwabo ukuba loluphi ulwalathiso abanokuphuhlisa.
2. Izixhobo kunye nezenzo
Abafundi balawula itekhnoloji ethile ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga indlela ye-DevOps.
Izixhobo ze-DevOps zingasetyenziselwa zombini kwindlela ye-DevOps kunye nophuhliso lweklasikhi. Owona mzekelo ucacileyo unokuba kukusebenzisa isixhobo solawulo loqwalaselo olufanelekileyo. Yenziwe kwaye yakhawulwa ukuphumeza uqheliselo lwe-DevOps "I-Infrastructure as Code", oku kuthetha ukuba amazwe ahlukeneyo enkqubo achazwe, ukusuka kwizicwangciso zenkqubo yokusebenza kwi-software yesicelo. Inkcazo yahlulahlulwe ngokweengqimba kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ulawule uqwalaselo oluntsonkothileyo, oluhlala lutshintsha. Kodwa iinjineli zihlala zisebenzisa i-Ansible njengendlela yokuqhuba izikripthi ze-bash koomatshini abaninzi. Oku akubi okanye kulungile, kodwa kufuneka uqonde ukuba ubukho be-Ansible abuqinisekisi ubukho be-DevOps kwinkampani.
Sikwinkqubo Uya kuntywiliselwa kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa isicelo esifana neReddit eyaziwayo, ukuqala ngenguqulelo yayo ye-monolithic, inyathelo ngenyathelo ukuya kwii-microservices. Inyathelo ngenyathelo siya kukwazi izixhobo ezitsha: Git, Ansible, Gitlab kwaye sigqibe ngeKubernetes kunye nePrometheus.
Ngokumalunga nezenzo, siya kulandela amaqhinga eendlela ezintathu ezichazwe kwi-DevOps Handbook - iindlela zokuhambisa ngokuqhubekayo, izenzo zokuphendula, kunye neyona nto iphambili yekhosi yinkqubo yokufunda ngokuqhubekayo kunye nenkqubo yakho.
Olu lwazi lunika ntoni ingcali nganye?
Kubalawuli benkqubo
Iindlela zokuziqhelanisa ziya kukuvumela ukuba uhambele kude kulawulo uye ekudaleni umbhobho wonikezelo oluqhubekayo kunye neqonga leziseko zophuhliso lonikezelo lwesoftware. Ingongoma kukuba udala imveliso - iqonga leziseko zophuhliso kubaphuhlisi abancedisa ngokukhawuleza utshintsho lwabo kwimveliso.
Ngaphambili, abalawuli benkqubo yayiyi-bastion yokugqibela, emva koko yonke into iya kwimveliso. Kwaye ngokusisiseko babandakanyeka ekucimeni umlilo ngokuqhubekayo - ekukhanyeni oko kunzima kakhulu ukukhangela kwiimfuno zeshishini, cinga ngemveliso kunye neenzuzo zomsebenzisi.
Ndiyabulela kwindlela ye-DevOps, ukucinga utshintsho. Umlawuli wenkqubo uyayiqonda indlela yokuguqulela ukucwangciswa kwikhowudi, zeziphi izenzo ezikhoyo kule nto.
Oku kubalulekile kuba iinkampani ziya ziqonda ngakumbi ukuba azifuni nje ukwenza yonke into ngokuzenzekelayo, okt. koko abalawuli benkqubo yesikolo esidala babeqhele ukwenza, abathi kunye noku banxibelelane kancinci kwaye abazange baxelele iqela malunga nalo lonke utshintsho olwenziweyo. Ngoku amaqela afuna abo baya kuba ngumvelisi wemveliso yangaphakathi yeziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokunceda ukudibanisa iinkqubo ezihlukeneyo zibe yinye.
Kubaphuhlisi
Umphuhlisi uyeka ukucinga kuphela kwii-algorithms. Ufumana isakhono sokusebenza kunye neziseko zophuhliso, isakhono solwazi loyilo lwendalo. Umthuthukisi onjalo uyayiqonda indlela isicelo esisebenza ngayo, indlela ehamba ngayo kwipayipi yokuhambisa ngokuqhubekayo, indlela yokuyibeka esweni, indlela yokubhalisa ngayo ukuze izuze umxhasi. Ngenxa yoko, lonke olu lwazi lukuvumela ukuba ubhale ikhowudi efanelekileyo.
Kubavavanyi
Uvavanyo sele luhamba luhamba kwimodi ezenzekelayo sonke sithi iimvavanyo ezininzi akufanele zenziwe, kodwa zibhaliwe :) Uvavanyo luba yinxalenye yombhobho wokuhanjiswa kwemveliso yakho. Umvavanyi akafuni kuphela ukufunda indlela yokubhala ikhowudi, kodwa nokuqonda indlela yokuyidibanisa kwiinkqubo zokuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo, indlela yokufumana impendulo kwikhowudi kuzo zonke izigaba zokunikezelwa, kunye nendlela yokuphucula rhoqo uvavanyo ukuze ufumane iimpazamo njengoko kwangethuba.
Ngoko kuvela ukuba zontathu izigaba zenzeka ngaxeshanye. Umzekelo, inokujongeka ngolu hlobo:
Umphuhlisi ubhala ikhowudi, ngokukhawuleza ubhala iimvavanyo zayo, kwaye uchaza isitya se-docker yekhowudi ekufuneka iqhutywe. Ikwachaza ngokukhawuleza uhlolo oluya kubeka iliso ekusebenzeni kwale nkonzo kwimveliso, kwaye yenza konke oku.
Xa udibaniso oluqhubekayo luqala, iinkqubo zisebenza ngaxeshanye. Inkonzo iyaqala kwaye iqwalaselwe. Kwangelo xesha, isikhongozeli sedoki siqala kwaye sijongiwe ukuba siyasebenza na. Kwangaxeshanye, lonke ulwazi luya kwinkqubo yokugawulwa kwemithi. Kwaye njalo kwinqanaba ngalinye lophuhliso - kuvela ukuba yintsebenziswano yokwenyani yabalawuli benkqubo, abaphuhlisi kunye nabavavanyi.
Ndifunde iDevOps, yintoni elandelayo?
Njengoko usazi, omnye okwintsimi akanguye umlo. Ukuba inkampani yakho ayisebenzisi le ndlela, izakhono ezifunyenweyo ziya kulala zingasebenzi. Kwaye emva kokuqhelana neendlela ze-DevOps, ngokuqinisekileyo awuyi kufuna ukuba yi-cog kuphuhliso lwenkampani. Kusenokubakho ngaphandle: ungumlawuli wenkqubo kwiqela kwaye unokwakha kwakhona zonke iinkqubo ngendlela entsha. Kufanelekile ukongeza apha ukuba zininzi iinkampani ezisebenzisa le ndlela, kwaye azichatshazelwa kukuvalwa kwaye zijonge iingcali. Ngenxa yokuba i-DevOps imalunga nokudala iimveliso ze-intanethi.
Kwaye ngoku malunga nezinto ezilungileyo: ubuchule bezenzo zeDevOps kunye nezixhobo zimalunga ne-30% kwixabiso lakho kwimarike yomsebenzi. Imivuzo iqala ukusuka kwi-ruble eyi-140 lamawaka, kodwa izimisele, ngokwemvelo, ngobuchule bakho obuphambili kunye nokusebenza.
Unokujonga izithuba ezibhalwe "i-infrastructure-oriented", apho kukho uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo, ukuphuhliswa kwezicelo ze-microservice usebenzisa i-technologies yamafu, izithuba zeenjineli zeziseko ezingundoqo kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zokubhekisela kwi-DevOps. Khumbula nje ukuba inkampani nganye ithetha into eyahlukileyo ngale nkcazo-funda inkcazo ngononophelo.
Ngexesha lokuqaliswa kwekhosi yethu, ukuqonda kwafika kum - abantu abaninzi emva kwekhosi bawela kumgibe wenjineli ye-DevOps. Bafumana isithuba esinesihloko esikhankanywe ngasentla, bafumana isipho esihle, baze bafike emsebenzini baze baqonde ukuba kuya kufuneka bagcine umbhalo we-bash wamaphepha amathathu eJenkins. Iphi i-Kubernetes, i-ChatOps, i-canary ekhutshwa kunye nayo yonke loo nto? Kodwa akukho nto, kuba inkampani ayifuni i-DevOps njengendlela yokusebenza, kodwa isebenzisa izinto ezintsha.
Esi sisizathu sokufumanisa ngokunzulu kwinkampani ukuba isebenza njani inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwesoftware, isitakhi setekhnoloji kunye noluphi uxanduva oya kulwenza.
Ukuba umqeshi uphendula imibuzo yakho ngokukhawuleza, njengokungathi uvela encwadini, ngaphandle kweenkcukacha, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba akukho nkqubo ye-DevOps kwinkampani okwangoku, kodwa oku ayisosizathu sokwala, ukufunda inkampani kunye neemveliso zayo, nokuba kukho i-intanethi. iinkonzo ukuba inkampani iphuhlisa ngokwayo, izicelo mobile , izimvo imveliso.
Ukuba ewe, ke ucacise ukuba kuya kufuneka usebenze ngokuthe ngqo kwezi nkqubo okanye ukuba kukho ukunyakaza okuthe tye kumaqela ezi nkonzo ngelixa ubonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo kwiinkqubo ze-DevOps. Ukuba ewe, kuyafaneleka ukuba uhambe kwaye usebenze kwaye ube luncedo, kwaye ukuba uyayigqiba ikhosi yethu, le yokugqibela iqinisekisiwe.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abaqeqeshi beDevops bafumana ixabiso lokwenene kuphela ngamava ekuphuhliseni / kulawulo / kuvavanyo. Kuphela ke ulwazi aluyi kuba yinto engabonakaliyo, kodwa lutyebisa ingcali (ngayo yonke ingqiqo). Ke ngoko, umbono "wokufunda i-DevOps ukusuka ekuqaleni" iyafana nokufunda "ukusebenzisa iilensi ukusuka ekuqaleni" ukuba awuzange ubambe ikhamera ezandleni zakho okanye uqondise ukudubula. Ukukunceda ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba ngaba ikhosi ikulungele na, senze uvavanyo lokungena oluya kukhangela inqanaba lakho elaneleyo lolwazi.
Ndicinga elinye lamaqhinga β ukuba ebudeni boqeqesho umfundi ngamnye azigqibele ukuba ufuna ukukhulela kweliphi na icala. Sihlala sibona utshintsho xa umphuhlisi eba yinjineli yeziseko zophuhliso, kwaye umlawuli uyaqonda ukuba unomdla wokubhala ikhowudi - emva koko uqhubela phambili ukufunda ulwimi kwaye uyongezelela ngezakhono ezifunyenweyo ze-DevOps. Ngoko ke, sibamkela ngokukhethekileyo abo bavakalelwa kukuba umsebenzi wabo uxakene nento. Ikhosi iqala ngoMeyi 28, kodwa unokujoyina iiveki ezi-2 emva kokuqala kweeklasi. Uyakwazi ukujonga inkqubo kwaye uthathe uvavanyo . Ndiza kubona e-OTUS!
umthombo: www.habr.com