Uhlaziyo lwexesha luchaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Kwenzeka ntoni apho kwaye wenze ntoni ngayo - funda inqaku.
Nanini na ndihlaziya iLinux kwikhompyuter yam yasekhaya, kufuneka ndisombulule iingxaki ezithile. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, oku kuye kwaba ngumkhwa: Ndigcina iifayile zam, ndisula inkqubo, ndifake yonke into ukusuka ekuqaleni, ukubuyisela iifayile zam, emva koko ndifake izicelo zam endizithandayo. Ndikwatshintshela mna izicwangciso zesistim. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha ixesha elininzi kakhulu. Kwaye mva nje ndiye ndazibuza ukuba ndiyayidinga na le ntloko.
ngexesha sesinye sezitampu zamaxesha ezithathu zeefayile kwiLinux (ngaphezulu koku kamva). Ngokukodwa, bendizibuza ukuba ingaba isengumbono olungileyo ukuvala i-atime kwiinkqubo zeLinux zamva nje. Ekubeni i-atime ihlaziywa rhoqo xa ifayile ifikeleleka, ndaqonda ukuba inempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo.
Ndisanda kuphucula ukuya kwi-Fedora 32 kwaye, ngaphandle komkhwa, ndiqale ngokuvala ixesha. Ndacinga: ndiyayidinga nyani? Ndiye ndagqiba ekubeni ndiwufunde lo mbandela kwaye yile nto ndiyimbayo.
Kancinci malunga nesitampu sexesha sefayile
Ukuyiqonda, kufuneka uthabathe inyathelo umva kwaye ukhumbule izinto ezimbalwa malunga neenkqubo zefayile zeLinux kunye nendlela i-kernel timestamps iifayile kunye nabalawuli. Ungabona umhla wokugqibela olungisiweyo weefayile kunye nabalawuli ngokusebenzisa umyalelo ls -l (nde) okanye ngokulula ngokujonga ulwazi malunga nayo kumphathi wefayile. Kodwa emva kwezigcawu, i-Linux kernel igcina umkhondo wamaxesha amaninzi kwiifayile kunye nezalathisi:
- Igqibele nini ukulungiswa kwefayile (mtime)
- Liliphi ixesha lokugqibela iipropathi zefayile kunye nemetadata zatshintshwa (ctime)
- Igqityelwe nini ukufikelela kwifayile (atime)
- Ungasebenzisa umyalelo yomthethoukujonga ulwazi malunga nefayile okanye ulawulo. Nantsi ifayile / etc / fstab ukusuka kwenye yeeseva zam zovavanyo:
$ stat fstab
File: fstab
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2097285 Links: 1
Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: system_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2019-04-25 21:10:18.083325111 -0500
Modify: 2019-05-16 10:46:47.427686706 -0500
Change: 2019-05-16 10:46:47.434686674 -0500
Birth: 2019-04-25 21:03:11.840496275 -0500Apha unokubona ukuba le fayile yenziwe nge-25 ka-Epreli 2019 xa ndifaka inkqubo. Ifayile yam / etc / fstab yagqityelwa ukulungiswa ngoMeyi 16, 2019, kwaye zonke ezinye iimpawu zatshintshwa ngexesha elinye.
Ukuba ndiyakopa / etc / fstab kwifayile entsha, imihla iyatshintsha ukubonisa ukuba yifayile entsha:
$ sudo cp fstab fstab.bak
$ stat fstab.bak
File: fstab.bak
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2105664 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500
Modify: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Change: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Birth: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500Kodwa ukuba ndiyithiya ngokutsha ifayile ngaphandle kokutshintsha imixholo yayo, iLinux iya kuhlaziya kuphela ixesha ifayile iguqulwe:
$ sudo mv fstab.bak fstab.tmp
$ stat fstab.tmp
File: fstab.tmp
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2105664 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500
Modify: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Change: 2020-05-12 17:54:24.576508232 -0500
Birth: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500Ezi zitampu zexesha ziluncedo kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezithile ze Unix. Umzekelo, i-biff yinkqubo ekwazisayo xa kukho umyalezo omtsha kwi-imeyile yakho. Namhlanje bambalwa abantu abasebenzisayo , kodwa ngeentsuku apho iibhokisi zeposi zazikwindawo yesixokelelwano, i-biff yayiqhelekile.
Ingaba inkqubo yazi njani ukuba uneimeyile entsha kwibhokisi yakho yangaphakathi? i-biff ithelekisa ixesha lokugqibela elilungisiweyo (xa ifayile ye-inbox yahlaziywa ngomyalezo omtsha we-imeyile) kunye nexesha lokugqibela lofikelelo (ixesha lokugqibela ufunda i-imeyile yakho). Ukuba utshintsho lwenzeke mva kunofikelelo, ngoko ke i-biff iya kuqonda ukuba ileta entsha ifikile kwaye iya kukwazisa ngayo. Umxhasi we-imeyile we-Mutt usebenza ngendlela efanayo.
Isitampu sexesha sofikelelo lokugqibela sikwaluncedo ukuba ufuna ukuqokelela iinkcukacha zosetyenziso lwesixokelelwano sefayile kunye nokusebenza komculo. Abalawuli benkqubo kufuneka bazi ukuba zeziphi izinto ezifikelelwayo ukuze bakwazi ukuqwalasela inkqubo yefayile ngokufanelekileyo.
Kodwa uninzi lweenkqubo zanamhlanje azisafuni le leyibhile, ngoko bekukho isindululo sokungayisebenzisi. Kwi-2007, uLinus Torvalds kunye nabanye abaphuhlisi be-kernel baxubushe ngexesha kumxholo wengxaki yokusebenza. Umphuhlisi we-Linux kernel u-Ingo Molnar wenze le ngongoma ilandelayo malunga nexesha kunye nenkqubo yefayile ye-ext3:
"Kuyamangalisa ukuba yonke i-desktop ye-Linux kunye neseva ifumana ukuthotywa kokusebenza kwe-I / O ngenxa yohlaziyo oluqhubekayo lwexesha, nangona kukho abasebenzisi bokwenyani ababini: i-tmpwatch [enokuthi iqwalaselwe ukusebenzisa i-ctime, ngoko ayisiyongxaki enkulu] kwaye ezinye izixhobo zokugcina."
Kodwa abantu basasebenzisa ezinye iinkqubo ezifuna le lebhile. Ngoko ukususa ixesha kuya kwaphula ukusebenza kwabo. Abaphuhlisi be-Linux kernel akufuneki baphule inkululeko yabasebenzisi.
Isicombululo sikaSolomon
Kukho izicelo ezininzi ezibandakanyiweyo kunikezelo lweLinux kwaye ukongezelela, abasebenzisi banokukhuphela kwaye bafake ezinye iinkqubo ngokweemfuno zabo. Le yinzuzo ephambili yomthombo ovulekileyo we-OS. Kodwa oku kwenza kube nzima ukunyusa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yefayile yakho. Ukususa amacandelo obutyebi obuninzi kunokuphazamisa inkqubo.
Njengokuthomalalisa, abaphuhlisi be-Linux kernel baye bazisa inketho entsha yexesha lokubuyisela ejolise ukubetha ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kunye nokuhambelana:
i-atime ihlaziywa kuphela ukuba ixesha lofikelelo langaphambili lingaphantsi kohlengahlengiso lwangoku okanye ixesha lokutshintsha isimo... Ukusukela kwiLinux 2.6.30, ikernel isebenzisa olu khetho ngokungagqibekanga (ngaphandle kokuba i noatime icacisiwe)... Kwakhona, ukusukela kwi Linux 2.6.30 . I-1, ixesha lokugqibela lokufikelela kwifayile lihlala lihlaziywa ukuba lingaphezulu kosuku olu-XNUMX.
Iinkqubo ze-Linux zanamhlanje (ukususela kwi-Linux 2.6.30, ekhutshwe ngo-2009) sele isebenzisa ixesha lokubuyisela, ekufuneka linike ukunyusa okukhulu kwentsebenzo. Oku kuthetha ukuba awudingi ukuqwalasela ifayile / etc / fstab, kwaye kunye nexesha lokubuyisela ungathembela kokungagqibekanga.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo nge-noatime
Kodwa ukuba ufuna ukulungisa inkqubo yakho ukuze ufumane ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukukhubaza ixesha kusenokwenzeka.
Utshintsho lokusebenza lusenokungabonakali kakhulu kwiidrive zangoku ezikhawulezayo (ezifana ne-NVME okanye i-SSD ekhawulezayo), kodwa kukho ukonyuka okuncinci apho.
Ukuba uyazi ukuba awusebenzisi isoftware efuna ixesha, unokuphucula ukusebenza kancinci ngokwenza ukhetho lwe-noatime kwifayile /etc/fstab. Emva koku, i-kernel ayisayi kuhlaziya rhoqo ngexesha. Sebenzisa i noatime ukhetho xa unyusela indlela yefayile:
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-root / ext4 defaults,noatime,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 1 1
UUID=be37c451-915e-4355-95c4-654729cf662a /boot ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2
UUID=C594-12B1 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 2
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-home /home ext4 defaults,noatime,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 1 2
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-swap none swap defaults,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 0 0Utshintsho luya kusebenza kwixesha elizayo xa uqalisa kwakhona.
Njengentengiso
Ngaba ufuna iseva yokusingatha iwebhusayithi yakho? Inkampani yethu inikezela ngentlawulo yemihla ngemihla okanye enye, umncedisi ngamnye uqhagamshelwe kwitshaneli ye-Intanethi ye-500 Megabits kwaye ikhuselwe ekuhlaselweni kwe-DDoS simahla!
umthombo: www.habr.com