Amatyala xa umqambi esenza isixhobo sombane esintsonkothileyo ukusuka ekuqaleni, exhomekeke kuphela kuphando lwakhe, anqabile kakhulu. Njengomthetho, izixhobo ezithile zizalelwa ekudibaneni kobuchwephesha obuninzi kunye nemigangatho eyenziwe ngabantu abahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, makhe sithathe i-banal flash drive. Le yindawo yokugcina ephathekayo esekelwe kwimemori ye-NAND engaguqukiyo kwaye ixhotyiswe nge-USB port eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa idrayivu kwisixhobo somthengi. Ke, ukuze uqonde ukuba isixhobo esinjalo sinokuvela njani emarikeni, kuyafuneka ukukhangela imbali yokuveliswa kwe-memory hayi kuphela, kodwa kunye ne-interface ehambelanayo, ngaphandle kokuba i-flash iqhuba. ziqhelene nje ngekungekho. Masizame ukwenza oku.
Izixhobo zokugcina zeSemiconductor ezixhasa ukucinywa kwedatha erekhodiweyo zavela malunga nesiqingatha senkulungwane edlulileyo: i-EPROM yokuqala yenziwa yinjineli yakwa-Israel uDov Froman ngo-1971.
UDov Froman, umphuhlisi we-EPROM
IiROM, ezintsha ngexesha lazo, zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwimveliso ye-microcontrollers (umzekelo, i-Intel 8048 okanye i-Freescale 68HC11), kodwa zajika zingafanelekanga ngokupheleleyo ekudaleni iidrive eziphathwayo. Ingxaki ephambili nge-EPROM yayiyinkqubo enzima kakhulu yokucima ulwazi: ngenxa yoko, isekethe edibeneyo kufuneka ifakwe kwi-ultraviolet spectrum. Indlela esebenze ngayo kukuba iifotoni ze-UV zanika ii-electron ezingaphezulu kwamandla awoneleyo ukuba zichithe intlawulo kwisango elidadayo.
Iichips ze-EPROM zineefestile ezikhethekileyo zokucima idatha, ehlanganiswe ngamacwecwe e-quartz
Oku kongeze iingxaki ezimbini ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, kwakunokwenzeka kuphela ukucima idatha kwi-chip enjalo ngexesha elaneleyo usebenzisa isibane se-mercury esinamandla ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kule meko inkqubo ithatha imizuzu emininzi. Ukuthelekisa, isibane esiqhelekileyo se-fluorescent siya kucima ulwazi phakathi kweminyaka emininzi, kwaye ukuba i-chip enjalo ishiywe ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kuya kuthatha iiveki ukuyicoca ngokupheleleyo. Okwesibini, nokuba le nkqubo inokuphuculwa ngandlela thile, ukucinywa okukhethiweyo kwefayile ethile kuya kuba yinto engenakwenzeka: ulwazi olukwi-EPROM luya kucinywa ngokupheleleyo.
Iingxaki ezidwelisiweyo zasonjululwa kwisizukulwana esilandelayo seechips. Ngo-1977, u-Eli Harari (ngendlela, kamva waseka i-SanDisk, eyaba ngumnye wabakhiqizi abakhulu behlabathi bokugcina imidiya esekelwe kwimemori ye-flash), usebenzisa iteknoloji yokukhupha intsimi, wadala i-prototype yokuqala ye-EEPROM - i-ROM, apho ukucima idatha, njengodweliso lwenkqubo, lwenziwa ngombane kuphela.
UEli Harari, umseki weSanDisk, ebambe elinye lamakhadi okuqala e-SD
Umgaqo wokusebenza we-EEPROM wawuphantse ufane nolo lwenkumbulo ye-NAND yanamhlanje: isango elidadayo lalisetyenziswa njengomphathi wentlawulo, kwaye ii-electron zadluliselwa ngeeleyile ze-dielectric ngenxa yesiphumo setonela. Umbutho weeseli zememori ngokwayo yayiyi-array-dimensional array, esele yenza ukuba kube lula ukubhala kunye nokucima idilesi yedatha-bulumko. Ukongeza, i-EEPROM yayinomda wokhuseleko olungileyo kakhulu: iseli nganye inokubhalwa ngaphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 yezigidi zamaxesha.
Kodwa apha, kwakhona, yonke into yajika yaba kude nerosy. Ukuze ukwazi ukucima idatha ngombane, i-transistor eyongezelelweyo kwafuneka ifakwe kwiseli nganye yememori ukulawula inkqubo yokubhala kunye nokucima. Ngoku bekukho iingcingo ezi-3 ngoluhlu ngalunye (ucingo olu-1 lwekholamu kunye neengcingo zemiqolo emi-2), nto leyo yenze ukuba amacandelo e-matrix yomzila abe nzima kwaye abangele iingxaki ezinzulu zokukalwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukudala izixhobo ezincinci kunye ne-capacious yayingaphandle kombuzo.
Ekubeni imodeli esele yenziwe ye-semiconductor ROM sele ikhona, uphando olongezelelekileyo lwezenzululwazi lwaqhubeka ngeliso lokudala ii-microcircuits ezikwaziyo ukubonelela ngogcino lwedatha exineneyo. Kwaye bathweswe ngempumelelo ngo-1984, xa uFujio Masuoka, owayesebenza kwi-Toshiba Corporation, ebonisa i-prototype yememori ye-flash engaguqukiyo kwiNtlanganiso yeZixhobo ze-Electron, ebanjwe ngaphakathi kweendonga zeZiko leeNjineli zoMbane kunye ne-Electronics (IEEE) .
UFujio Masuoka, "utata" wenkumbulo ekhanyayo
Ngendlela, igama ngokwalo alizange lenziwe nguFujio, kodwa ngomnye wabalingane bakhe, uShoji Ariizumi, apho inkqubo yokucima idatha yamkhumbuza ngombane okhanyayo (ukusuka kwisiNgesi "i-flash" - "flash"). . Ngokungafaniyo ne-EEPROM, imemori ye-flash yayisekelwe kwii-MOSFETs kunye nesango elongezelelweyo elidadayo eliphakathi kwe-p-layer kunye nesango lokulawula, elenza kube lula ukuphelisa izinto ezingeyomfuneko kunye nokudala iitshiphusi ezincinci ngokwenene.
Iisampulu zokuqala zorhwebo zememori ye-flash zaziyi-Intel chips ezenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-NOR (Not-Okanye) iteknoloji, ukuveliswa kwayo yasungulwa ngo-1988. Njengakwimeko ye-EEPROM, iimatrices zabo zaziyi-dimensional array, apho iseli nganye yememori yayifumaneka kwi-intersection yomqolo kunye nekholomu (abaqhubi abahambelanayo baxhunywe kumasango ahlukeneyo e-transistor, kwaye umthombo uxhunyiwe. kwi-substrate eqhelekileyo). Nangona kunjalo, sele ngo-1989, uToshiba wazisa inguqulelo yakhe yememori ye-flash, ebizwa ngokuba yi-NAND. Uluhlu lwalunesakhiwo esifanayo, kodwa kwindawo nganye yeendawo zayo, endaweni yeseli enye, ngoku kwakukho ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo ngokulandelelanayo. Ukongezelela, ii-MOSFET ezimbini zisetyenziswe kumgca ngamnye: i-transistor yokulawula ephakathi kwe-bit line kunye nekholomu yeeseli, kunye ne-transistor yomhlaba.
Uxinaniso oluphezulu lokupakisha luncede ukwandisa umthamo wetshiphu, kodwa i-algorithm yokufunda/yokubhala nayo iye yantsonkotha ngakumbi, eyayingenako kodwa ichaphazela isantya sokudlulisa ulwazi. Ngesi sizathu, i-architecture entsha ayizange ikwazi ukutshintshela ngokupheleleyo i-NOR, efumene isicelo ekudalweni kwee-ROM ezifakwe ngaphakathi. Kwangelo xesha, i-NAND yajika yaba yinto efanelekileyo kwimveliso yezixhobo zokugcina idatha ephathekayo - amakhadi e-SD kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ii-flash drives.
Ngendlela, ukubonakala kwaloo mva kwenzeka kuphela ngo-2000, xa iindleko zememori ye-flash yehla ngokwaneleyo kwaye ukukhutshwa kwezixhobo ezinjalo kwimarike yokuthengisa kunokuhlawula. I-USB drive yokuqala yehlabathi yayiyi-brainchild yenkampani yakwaSirayeli i-M-Systems: i-flash compact drive DiskOnKey (enokuthi iguqulelwe njenge "disk-on-keychain", ekubeni isixhobo sasinomsesane wentsimbi emzimbeni owenze ukuba kwenzeke phatha i-flash drive kunye neqela lezitshixo) yaphuhliswa ziinjineli u-Amir Banom, uDov Moran kunye no-Oran Ogdan. Kwisixhobo esincinci esikwaziyo ukugcina i-8 MB yolwazi kunye nokutshintsha izithende ze-floppy disks ze-3,5-intshi, ngelo xesha bacela i-$ 50.
I-DiskOnKey - i-flash drive yokuqala yehlabathi evela kwinkampani yakwaSirayeli iM-Systems
Inyaniso enomdla: eUnited States, iDiskOnKey yayinomshicileli osemthethweni, owawuyi-IBM. Ii-flash drives ezithi "Localized" zazingahlukanga kwezo zantlandlolo, ngaphandle kwe logo engaphambili, yiyo loo nto abaninzi ngempazamo bathi kuyilwa i-USB drive yokuqala kwi-American corporation.
DiskOnKey, uHlelo lwe-IBM
Ukulandela imodeli yasekuqaleni, ngokoqobo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, uhlengahlengiso olungaphezulu lwe-DiskOnKey ene-16 kunye ne-32 MB yakhululwa, apho babesele becela i-$ 100 kunye ne-150 yeedola, ngokulandelanayo. Ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu, indibaniselwano yobukhulu obubambeneyo, umthamo kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokufunda/sokubhala (esithe sajika sibe malunga namaxesha ali-10 aphezulu kuneediski zefloppy eziqhelekileyo) zabhenela kubathengi abaninzi. Kwaye ukusukela ngaloo mzuzu ukuya phambili, iiflash drives zaqala uhambo lwazo loloyiso ukunqumla iplanethi.
Igorha elinye ebaleni: idabi le-USB
Nangona kunjalo, i-flash drive yayingayi kuba yi-flash drive ukuba i-Universal Serial Bus inkcazo yayingazange ivele kwiminyaka emihlanu ngaphambili - yile nto isifinyezo esiqhelekileyo se-USB. Kwaye imbali yemvelaphi yalo mgangatho inokubizwa ngokuba phantse umdla ngakumbi kunokuveliswa kwememori ye-flash ngokwayo.
Njengomthetho, ujongano olutsha kunye nemigangatho kwi-IT zisisiphumo sentsebenziswano esondeleyo phakathi kwamashishini amakhulu, ahlala ekhuphisana, kodwa anyanzeliswa ukuba adibanise imikhosi ukudala isisombululo esimanyeneyo esiya kwenza lula ukuphuhliswa kweemveliso ezintsha. Oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, kunye namakhadi ememori e-SD: inguqulelo yokuqala yeKhadi leMemori yeDijithali eKhuselekileyo yadalwa ngo-1999 ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweSanDisk, Toshiba kunye nePanasonic, kwaye umgangatho omtsha waba yimpumelelo kangangokuba wanikezelwa kwishishini. isihloko emva konyaka nje. Namhlanje, i-SD Card Association ineenkampani ezingaphezulu kwe-1000 zamalungu, iinjineli zazo ziphuhlisa ezintsha kunye nokuphuhlisa iinkcukacha ezikhoyo ezichaza iiparameters ezahlukeneyo zamakhadi.
Kwaye xa ujonga kuqala, imbali ye-USB ifana ngokupheleleyo nento eyenzekayo ngomgangatho oKhuselekileyo weDijithali. Ukwenza iikhomputha zobuqu zisebenziseke ngakumbi, abavelisi behardware bafuna, phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-interface yendalo yonke yokusebenza kunye neeperipherals ezixhasa iplagi eshushu kwaye ayifuni uqwalaselo olongezelelweyo. Ukongeza, ukudalwa komgangatho odibeneyo kuya kwenza kube lula ukulahla "i-zoo" yamachweba (COM, LPT, PS/2, MIDI-port, RS-232, njl.), eya kuthi kwixesha elizayo incede. ukwenza lula kakhulu kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuphuhlisa izixhobo ezitsha, kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkxaso yezixhobo ezithile.
Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yezi zinto ziyimfuneko, inani leenkampani eziphuhlisa amacandelo ekhompyuter, i-peripherals kunye nesoftware, eyona inkulu kuzo yayiyi-Intel, iMicrosoft, iPhilips kunye ne-US Robotics, bemanyene kumzamo wokufumana idinomineyitha efanayo eya kuthi ilungele bonke abadlali abakhoyo, eyathi ekugqibeleni yaba yi-USB. Ukuthandwa komgangatho omtsha kwaba negalelo elikhulu yiMicrosoft, eyongeze inkxaso yojongano emva kwiWindows 95 (isiqwenga esihambelanayo saqukwa kuKhupho lweNkonzo 2), emva koko wazisa umqhubi oyimfuneko kwinguqulelo yokukhululwa yeWindows 98. Kwangaxeshanye, kumphambili wentsimbi, uncedo lwafika luvela naphi na: ngo-1998, iMac G3 yakhululwa-ikhompyuter yokuqala kwi-Apple, eyayisebenzisa kuphela izibuko ze-USB ukudibanisa izixhobo zokufaka kunye nezinye iiperipherals. ngaphandle kwe-microphone kunye ne-headphones). Ngeendlela ezininzi, le nguqu ye-180-degree (emva koko, ngelo xesha i-Apple yayithembele kwi-FireWire) ngenxa yokubuyela kukaSteve Jobs kwisikhundla se-CEO yenkampani, eyenzeka ngonyaka ngaphambili.
I-iMac G3 yoqobo yayiyeyokuqala "ikhompyuter ye-USB"
Enyanisweni, ukuzalwa kwebhasi ye-serial yendalo yonke kwakubuhlungu kakhulu, kwaye ukubonakala kwe-USB ngokwayo akusiyo i-mega-corporations okanye isebe elinye lophando elisebenza njengenxalenye yenkampani ethile, kodwa yomntu othile. -Injineli ye-Intel yaseIndiya enemvelaphi egama linguAjay Bhatt.
U-Ajay Bhatt, i-ideologist ephambili kunye nomdali we-interface ye-USB
Emva phayaa ngo-1992, uAjay waqalisa ukucinga ukuba “ikhompyutha yomntu” ayizange iphile ngokwegama layo. Kwanomsebenzi olula xa uthi krwaqu nje njengokudibanisa umshicileli kunye nokushicilela uxwebhu olufuna iziqinisekiso ezithile kumsebenzisi (nangona, kubonakala ngathi, kutheni umsebenzi weofisi ekufuneka enze ingxelo okanye ingxelo aqonde ubugcisa obuntsonkothileyo?) ukuba aye kwiingcali ezikhethekileyo . Kwaye ukuba yonke into ishiywe njengoko injalo, iPC ayisoze ibe yimveliso yobuninzi, okuthetha ukuba ukuya ngaphaya kwenani labasebenzisi abazizigidi ezili-10 kwihlabathi liphela akufanelekanga nokuba uphuphe.
Ngelo xesha, bobabini i-Intel kunye neMicrosoft bayiqonda imfuno yohlobo oluthile lomgangatho. Ngokukodwa, uphando kule ndawo lukhokelele ekuveleni kwebhasi yePCI kunye nePlug & Play concept, okuthetha ukuba inyathelo likaBhatt, owagqiba ekubeni agxininise imizamo yakhe ekufuneni isisombululo sendalo yonke sokudibanisa iiperipherals, bekufanele ukuba samkelwe. ngokuqinisekileyo. Kodwa oko kwakungenjalo: Umphathi okhawulezayo ka-Ajay, emva kokumamela injineli, wathi lo msebenzi wawunzima kangangokuba kwakungafanelekanga ukuchitha ixesha.
Emva koko u-Ajay waqala ukukhangela inkxaso kumaqela ahambelanayo kwaye wayifumana kumntu womnye wabaphandi abaziwayo be-Intel (Intel Fellow) uFred Pollack, owaziwa ngelo xesha ngomsebenzi wakhe njengenjineli ekhokelayo ye-Intel iAPX 432 kunye nomyili okhokelayo. ye-Intel i960, eyanika ukukhanya okuluhlaza kwiprojekthi. Nangona kunjalo, oku yayisisiqalo nje: ukuphunyezwa kombono omkhulu kangaka bekuya kuba yinto engenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwabanye abadlali beemarike. Ukususela ngaloo mzuzu ukuya phambili, "ubunzima" bokwenyani baqala, kuba u-Ajay wayengafanele aqinisekise kuphela amalungu e-Intel amaqela asebenzayo ngesithembiso salo mbono, kodwa aphinde afune inkxaso yabanye abavelisi be-hardware.
Kuthathe phantse unyaka onesiqingatha kwiingxoxo ezininzi, ukuvunywa kunye neeseshini zokubonisana. Ngeli xesha, u-Ajay wajoyinwa nguBala Kadambi, owayekhokela iqela elijongene nokuphuhliswa kwePCI kunye nePlug & Play kwaye kamva waba ngumlawuli we-Intel wemigangatho ye-interface ye-I / O, kunye noJim Pappas, ingcali kwiinkqubo ze-I / O. Ngehlobo lowe-1994, ekugqibeleni sakwazi ukuseka iqela elisebenzayo saza saqalisa ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nezinye iinkampani.
Kunyaka olandelayo, u-Ajay kunye neqela lakhe badibana nabameli beenkampani ezingaphezu kwe-50, kubandakanywa amancinci, amashishini akhethekileyo kunye nama-giants afana neCompaq, i-DEC, i-IBM kunye ne-NEC. Umsebenzi wawuqhubela phambili ngokoqobo 24/7: ukususela ekuseni aba bathathu baya kwiintlanganiso ezininzi, kwaye ebusuku badibana kwindawo yokutya ekufutshane ukuze baxoxe ngesicwangciso sokusebenza ngosuku olulandelayo.
Mhlawumbi kwabanye olu hlobo lomsebenzi lusenokubonakala ngathi yinkcitha xesha. Nangona kunjalo, konke oku kwavelisa isiqhamo: ngenxa yoko, amaqela amaninzi ahlukeneyo aqulunqwa, aquka iinjineli ezivela kwi-IBM kunye neCompaq, ezikhethekileyo ekudalweni kwamacandelo ekhompyutheni, abantu ababandakanyekayo ekuphuhliseni iitshiphusi ezivela kwi-Intel kunye ne-NEC ngokwayo, abadwelisi abasebenza ukudala usetyenziso, abaqhubi kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza (kubandakanywa neMicrosoft), kunye nezinye iingcali ezininzi. Yayingumsebenzi waxeshanye kwimida eliqela eyathi ekugqibeleni yanceda ekudaleni umgangatho obhetyebhetye ngokwenene kunye nomgangatho jikelele.
U-Ajay Bhatt kunye no-Bala Kadambi kumsitho wembasa ye-European Inventor Award
Nangona iqela lika-Ajay likwazile ukusombulula ngobuchule iingxaki zemeko yezopolitiko (ngokuphumeza intsebenziswano phakathi kweenkampani ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nezo zazikhuphisana ngokuthe ngqo) kunye nezobugcisa (ngokudibanisa iingcali ezininzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo phantsi kophahla olunye), kwakusekho enye inkalo ifuna ingqwalaselo esondeleyo - icala loqoqosho lomba. Kwaye apha kwafuneka senze ulungelelwano olubalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, yayingumnqweno wokunciphisa iindleko zocingo ezikhokelela ekubeni i-USB Type-A eqhelekileyo, esiyisebenzisayo kuze kube namhlanje, yaba yinto enye. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukwenza intambo yendalo yonke ngokwenene, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba ungatshintshi kuphela uyilo lwesiqhagamshelo, usenze silingane, kodwa kwakhona ukuphinda kabini inani lee-cores conductive, ezikhokelela ekuphindweni kabini kweendleko zocingo. Kodwa ngoku sinememe engapheliyo malunga nobume be-USB.
Abanye abathathi-nxaxheba beprojekthi nabo bagxininisa ekunciphiseni iindleko. Kulo mba, uJim Pappas uthanda ukukhumbula umnxeba ovela kuBetsy Tanner ovela kwiMicrosoft, owathi ngenye imini wachaza ukuba, ngelishwa, inkampani inenjongo yokuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwe-interface ye-USB ekuveliseni iigundane zekhompyutha. Into kukuba i-throughput ye-5 Mbit / s (eli lizinga lokudluliselwa kwedatha ecetywayo ekuqaleni) laliphezulu kakhulu, kwaye iinjineli zoyika ukuba aziyi kukwazi ukuhlangabezana neenkcukacha zokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic interference, oku kuthetha ukuba "i-turbo". mouse" inokuphazamisana nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kokubini iPC ngokwayo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezijikelezayo.
Ukuphendula ingxabano esengqiqweni malunga nokukhusela, uBetsy uphendule ngelithi ukugquma okongeziweyo kuya kwenza intambo ibize kakhulu: iisenti ezi-4 phezulu kunyawo ngalunye, okanye iisenti ezingama-24 zocingo oluqhelekileyo oluziimitha ezi-1,8 (6 ft), nto leyo eyenza ukuba yonke le ngcamango ingabi nanjongo. Ukongeza, intambo yemouse kufuneka ihlale ibhetyebhetye ngokwaneleyo ukuze ingathinteli ukuhamba kwesandla. Ukuyicombulula le ngxaki, kwagqitywa ekubeni yongezwe ukuhlukana kwi-high-speed (12 Mbit / s) kunye ne-low-speed (1,5 Mbit / s) iindlela. I-reserve ye-12 Mbit / s ivumele ukusetyenziswa kwe-splitters kunye nee-hubs ukudibanisa ngaxeshanye izixhobo ezininzi kwi-port enye, kwaye i-1,5 Mbit / s yayiyeyona nto ifanelekileyo yokudibanisa iigundane, iikhibhodi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifanayo kwi-PC.
UJim ngokwakhe uthatha eli bali njengesikhubekiso ekugqibeleni saqinisekisa impumelelo yeprojekthi yonke. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngaphandle kwenkxaso yeMicrosoft, ukukhuthaza umgangatho omtsha kwimarike kuya kuba nzima kakhulu. Ukongeza, ukuthomalalisa okufunyenweyo kuye kwanceda ukwenza i-USB ingabizi kakhulu, kwaye ke inomtsalane ngakumbi emehlweni abavelisi bezixhobo ze-peripheral.
Yintoni egameni lam, okanye i-Crazy rebranding
Kwaye ekubeni namhlanje sixoxa nge-USB drives, masiphinde sicacise imeko kunye neenguqulelo kunye neempawu zesantya salo mgangatho. Yonke into apha ayilula njengoko ibonakala ekuqaleni, kuba ukususela ngo-2013, i-USB Implementers Forum umbutho wenze yonke imizamo yokudibanisa ngokupheleleyo abathengi abaqhelekileyo kuphela, kodwa kunye neengcali ezivela kwihlabathi le-IT.
Ngaphambili, yonke into yayilula kwaye isengqiqweni: sine-USB ecothayo eyi-2.0 enomthamo ophezulu we-480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s) kunye namaxesha ali-10 ngokukhawuleza kwe-USB 3.0, isantya esiphezulu sokudlulisa idatha sifikelela kwi-5 Gbit/s (640 MB/ s). Ngenxa yokuhambelana ngasemva, i-USB 3.0 drive inokuxhunywa kwi-port ye-USB 2.0 (okanye ngokuphambeneyo), kodwa isantya sokufunda nokubhala iifayile ziya kukhawulelwa kwi-60 MB / s, ekubeni isixhobo esicothayo siya kusebenza njengebhotile.
Ngomhla we-31 kaJulayi, i-2013, i-USB-IF yazisa inani elifanelekileyo lokudideka kule nkqubo incinci: kwakulo mhla ukwamkelwa kwenkcazo entsha, i-USB 3.1, yabhengezwa. Kwaye hayi, inqaku alikho konke konke kwinani leenguqulelo, eziye zadibana nazo ngaphambili (nangona ngokufanelekileyo kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-USB 1.1 yayiluguqulelo olulungisiweyo lwe-1.0, kwaye ingeyiyo into entsha ngokomgangatho), kodwa kwinto yokuba. IForam yabaSebenzi be-USB ngesizathu esithile ndaye ndagqiba ekubeni ndinike igama kwakhona umgangatho omdala. Jonga izandla zakho:
- I-USB 3.0 iguqulwe ibe yi-USB 3.1 Gen 1. Oku kukuthiywa ngokutsha okucocekileyo: akukho phuculo lwenziweyo, kwaye isantya esiphezulu sihlala sifana - i-5 Gbps kwaye ingabi ngaphezulu.
- I-USB 3.1 Gen 2 yaba ngumgangatho omtsha ngokwenene: ukutshintshela kwi-128b / 132b encoding (ngaphambili 8b / 10b) kwimowudi ye-duplex epheleleyo yasivumela ukuba siphindaphinde i-bandwidth ye-interface kwaye siphumelele i-10 Gbps ekhangayo, okanye i-1280 MB / s.
Kodwa oku kwakunganelanga kubafana abavela kwi-USB-IF, ngoko bagqiba ekubeni bongeze amanye amagama ambalwa: USB 3.1 Gen 1 yaba yiSuperSpeed, kunye ne-USB 3.1 Gen 2 yaba yiSuperSpeed +. Kwaye eli nyathelo lifanelekile ngokupheleleyo: kumthengi othengisayo, kude nehlabathi lobuchwepheshe bekhompyutheni, kulula kakhulu ukukhumbula igama elibambekayo kunokulandelelana kweeleta kunye namanani. Kwaye apha yonke into i-intuitive: sine-interface "ye-super-speed", leyo, njengoko igama libonisa, ikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye kukho "i-super-speed" ujongano, olukhawuleza ngakumbi. Kodwa kutheni bekuyimfuneko ukwenza oko "rebranding" ethile yezalathisi zokuvelisa akucacanga ngokupheleleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, akukho mda wokungafezeki: ngoSeptemba 22, 2017, kunye nokupapashwa komgangatho we-USB 3.2, imeko yaba yimbi ngakumbi. Masiqale ngokulungileyo: isinxibelelanisi sohlobo lwe-C lwe-USB ebuyiselwa umva, iinkcukacha eziye zaphuhliswa kwisizukulwana sangaphambili se-interface, yenze ukuba kube lula ukuphinda kabini ubuninzi bebhanwidth yebhasi ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane eziphindwe kabini njengetshaneli yokudlulisa idatha eyahlukileyo. Yile ndlela i-USB 3.2 Gen 2 × 2 ibonakala ngayo (kutheni ingenakubizwa ngokuba yi-USB 3.2 Gen 3 iphinde ibe yimfihlakalo), isebenza ngesantya ukuya kwi-20 Gbit / s (2560 MB / s), leyo, ngokukodwa, isicelo sifunyenwe kwimveliso yangaphandle ye-solid-state drives (le yi-port exhotyiswe ngesantya esiphezulu se-WD_BLACK P50, ejoliswe kubadlali bemidlalo).
Kwaye yonke into iya kulunga, kodwa, ukongeza ekungenisweni komgangatho omtsha, ukuphinda kuthiwe thaca yangaphambili akuzange kube kudala ukuza: I-USB 3.1 Gen 1 yajika yaba yi-USB 3.2 Gen 1, kunye ne-USB 3.1 Gen 2 kwi-USB 3.2 Gen. 2. Kwanamagama okuthengisa atshintshile, kwaye i-USB-IF isuke isuka kwingcamango eyamkelekileyo ngaphambili "enembile kwaye akukho manani": endaweni yokutyumba i-USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 njengoko, umzekelo, i-SuperSpeed ++ okanye i-UltraSpeed, bagqiba ekubeni bongeze ngokuthe ngqo. isalathiso sesantya esiphezulu sogqithiso lwedatha:
- I-USB 3.2 Gen 1 yaba yiSuperSpeed USB 5Gbps,
- I-USB 3.2 Gen 2-SuperSpeed USB 10Gbps,
- I-USB 3.2 Gen 2×2-SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps.
Kwaye ujongana njani ne-zoo yemigangatho ye-USB? Ukwenza ubomi bakho bube lula, siye saqulunqa isishwankathelo setafile-memo, ngoncedo apho akuyi kuba nzima ukuthelekisa iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ze-interfaces.
Inguqulelo eqhelekileyo
Igama lentengiso
Isantya, Gbit/s
USB 3.0
USB 3.1
USB 3.2
USB 3.1 version
USB 3.2 version
USB 3.0
USB 3.1 Gen 1
USB 3.2 Gen 1
Isantya esiphezulu
Isantya esiphezulu se-USB 5Gbps
5
-
USB 3.1 Gen 2
USB 3.2 Gen 2
Isantya esiphezulu+
Isantya esiphezulu se-USB 10Gbps
10
-
-
I-USB 3.2 iGen 2 × 2
-
Isantya esiphezulu se-USB 20Gbps
20
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeedrive ze-USB zisebenzisa umzekelo weemveliso zeSanDisk
Kodwa makhe sibuyele ngqo kumxholo wengxoxo yanamhlanje. Iiflash drives ziye zaba yinxalenye yobomi bethu, emva kokuba sifumene iinguqulelo ezininzi, ngamanye amaxesha ziyamangalisa kakhulu. Owona mfanekiso ugqibeleleyo wesakhono seedrive ze-USB zanamhlanje unokufumaneka kwipotfoliyo yeSanDisk.
Zonke iimodeli zangoku zeSanDisk flash drives zixhasa umgangatho wokudlulisa idatha ye-USB 3.0 (aka USB 3.1 Gen 1, aka USB 3.2 Gen 1, aka SuperSpeed - phantse njengakwimuvi ethi "IMoscow Ayikholelwa kwiinyembezi"). Phakathi kwazo unokufumana zombini iidrive ze-flash zakudala kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukufumana i-compact universal drive, kuyavakala ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kumgca weSanDisk Ultra.
I-SanDisk Ultra
Ubukho beendlela ezintandathu zokuguqulwa kwamakhono ahlukeneyo (ukusuka kwi-16 ukuya kwi-512 GB) kukunceda ukhethe ukhetho olufanelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho kwaye ungahlawuleli kwiigigabytes ezongezelelweyo. Izantya zokudlulisa idatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-130 MB / s zikuvumela ukuba ukhuphele ngokukhawuleza iifayile ezinkulu, kwaye imeko efanelekileyo yokutyibilika ikhusela ngokuthembekileyo isinxibelelanisi emonakalweni.
Kubalandeli boyilo oluhle, sicebisa iSanDisk Ultra Flair kunye neSanDisk Luxe umgca weedrive ze-USB.
I-SanDisk Ultra Flair
Ngokobuchwephesha, ezi flash drives ziyafana ngokupheleleyo: zombini uchungechunge luphawulwa ngesantya sokudlulisa idatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150 MB / s, kwaye nganye kuzo ibandakanya imodeli ezi-6 ezinamandla ukusuka kwi-16 ukuya kwi-512 GB. Ukwahluka kulele kuphela kuyilo: i-Ultra Flair ifumene i-element eyongezelelweyo yesakhiwo esenziwe ngeplastiki ehlala ixesha elide, ngelixa umzimba weLuxe version yenziwe ngokupheleleyo nge-aluminium alloy.
ISanDisk Luxe
Ukongeza kwi-design ekhangayo kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokudlulisa idatha, iidrive ezidweliswe zinenye into enomdla kakhulu: izixhumi zabo ze-USB ziqhubeka ngokuthe ngqo kwimeko ye-monolithic. Le ndlela iqinisekisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko kwi-flash drive: akunakwenzeka ukuba uphule ngengozi umdibaniso onjalo.
Ukongeza kwiidrive ezinobungakanani obugcweleyo, ingqokelela yeSanDisk ikwabandakanya "iplagi kwaye ulibale" izisombululo. Sithetha, ngokuqinisekileyo, sithetha nge-Ultra-compact SanDisk Ultra Fit, enemilinganiselo eyi-29,8 × 14,3 × 5,0 mm kuphela.
ISanDisk Ultra Fit
Olu sana aluphumi ngaphezu komphezulu we-USB, nto leyo eyenza ibe sisisombululo esifanelekileyo sokwandisa ukugcinwa kwesixhobo somthengi, nokuba yi-ultrabook, inkqubo yomsindo wemoto, i-Smart TV, ikhonsoli yomdlalo okanye ikhompyutha yebhodi enye.
Eyona nto inomdla kwingqokelela yeSanDisk ziiDual Drive kunye ne-iXpand USB drives. Zombini iintsapho, ngaphandle kokungafani koyilo, zidityaniswe ngumbono omnye: ezi zixhobo zombane zineechweba ezimbini zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezivumela ukuba zisetyenziswe ukudlulisa idatha phakathi kwePC okanye ilaptop kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo ngaphandle kweentambo ezongezelelweyo kunye neeadaptha.
Usapho lweDual Drive yedrive yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye nee-smartphones kunye neetafile eziqhuba inkqubo yokusebenza ye-Android kunye nokuxhasa itekhnoloji ye-OTG. Oku kubandakanya imigca emithathu ye-flash drives.
I-miniature SanDisk Dual Drive m3.0, ukongeza kwi-USB Type-A, ixhotyiswe ngekhonkco le-microUSB, eliqinisekisa ukuhambelana nezixhobo ezivela kwiminyaka edlulileyo, kunye nee-smartphones zokungena.
SanDisk Dual Drive m3.0
ISanDisk Ultra Dual Type-C, njengoko unokuthelekelela igama, inonxibelelwano lwale mihla olunamacala amabini. I-flash drive ngokwayo iye yaba nkulu kwaye inkulu ngakumbi, kodwa olu yilo lwezindlu lubonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono, kwaye kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuphulukana nesixhobo.
ISanDisk Ultra Dual Type-C
Ukuba ujonge into entle ngakumbi, sicebisa ukuba ujonge iSanDisk Ultra Dual Drive Go. Ezi drives zisebenzisa umgaqo ofanayo njengeSanDisk Luxe ekhankanywe ngaphambili: ubungakanani obugcweleyo be-USB Type-A yinxalenye ye-flash drive body, ethintela ukuba ingaphumi nokuba ingakhathali. Isidibanisi se-USB Type-C, ngokulandelayo, sikhuselwe kakuhle yikepusi ejikelezayo, ekwanayo i-eyelet ye-key fob. Eli lungiselelo lenze ukuba kwenzeke ukwenza i-flash drive ibe nesitayile ngokwenene, icwecwe kwaye ithembekile.
ISanDisk Ultra Dual Drive Go
Uchungechunge lwe-iXpand lufana ngokupheleleyo neDual Drive, ngaphandle kwento yokuba indawo ye-USB Type-C ithathwa yi-Apple Lightning connector. Isixhobo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu kuluhlu singabizwa ngokuba yiSanDisk iXpand: le flash drive inoyilo lwangaphambili ngendlela yelophu.
ISanDisk iXpand
Ijongeka inomtsalane, kwaye unokukhuphela umtya kwi-eyelet enesiphumo kwaye unxibe isixhobo sokugcina, umzekelo, entanyeni yakho. Kwaye ukusebenzisa i-flash drive kunye ne-iPhone kulungeleka ngakumbi kuneyemveli: xa uqhagamshelwe, uninzi lomzimba luphela emva kwe-smartphone, luphumle ngokuchasene nekhava yayo yangasemva, enceda ukunciphisa amathuba omonakalo kwikhonkco.
Ukuba olu yilo alukufanelanga ngenxa yesizathu esinye okanye esinye, kuyavakala ukujonga ngakwiSanDisk iXpand Mini. Ngokobuchwephesha, le yi-iXpand efanayo: uluhlu lwemodeli lukwabandakanya iidrive ezine ze-32, 64, 128 okanye 256 GB, kwaye isantya esiphezulu sokudlulisa idatha sifikelela kwi-90 MB / s, eyanele ukubukela ividiyo ye-4K ngokuthe ngqo kwi-flash. qhuba. Ukwahlukana kuphela kuyilo: i-loop yanyamalala, kodwa i-cap yokukhusela i-Lightning connector ibonakala.
ISanDisk iXpand Mini
Ummeli wesithathu wosapho oluzukileyo, iSanDisk iXpand Go, liwele leDual Drive Go: imilinganiselo yabo iphantse yafana, ukongeza, zombini iidrive zifumana ikepusi ejikelezayo, nangona yahluke kancinci kuyilo. Lo mgca uquka iimodeli ezi-3: 64, 128 kunye ne-256 GB.
ISanDisk iXpand Go
Uluhlu lweemveliso ezenziwe phantsi kophawu lweSanDisk alupheleli kwaphela kwiidrive ze-USB ezidwelisiweyo. Unokuqhelana nezinye izixhobo zohlobo oludumileyo kwi .
umthombo: www.habr.com