Awudingi ukuba ngumyili wetshiphu ukucwangcisa iiFPGAs, njengokuba ungadingi kuba ngumdwelisi weC++ ukuze ubhale ikhowudi kwiJava. Nangona kunjalo, kuzo zombini iimeko kuya kuba luncedo.
Injongo yokuthengisa zombini itekhnoloji yeJava kunye neFPGA kukuphikisa ibango lokugqibela. Iindaba ezimnandi ze-FPGAs-ukusebenzisa i-abstraction layers efanelekileyo kunye ne-toolset, kule minyaka ingama-35 idlulileyo ukususela ekuyilweni kwesixhobo esicwangcisiweyo, ukudala i-algorithms kunye nokuhamba kwedatha ye-FPGAs endaweni yee-CPUs, DSPs, GPUs okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwe-ASIC yesiko. lula eqhelekileyo.
Ixesha elimangalisayo lokudalwa kwazo libonakala kwinto yokuba kanye ngexesha apho ii-CPUs bezingasenakuqhubeka nokuba yimodyuli yokubala yodwa. amaziko data Ngenxa yemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo—ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo—ii-FPGA ziphumelele ngokusebenza kwazo ngokunikezela ngokusebenza okuphezulu, ukubambezeleka okuphantsi, uthungelwano, kunye nenkumbulo—amandla ekhompyutha ahlukeneyo ee-FPGA SoCs zanamhlanje, eziphantse zibe ziinkqubo zekhompyutha ezipheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ii-FPGA zikwadibana ngempumelelo nezinye izixhobo kwiinkqubo ze-hybrid, kwaye, ngokombono wethu, zisandula ukuqala ukufumana indawo yazo efanelekileyo kuluhlu lwekhompyutha.
Yiyo loo nto siququzelele iNkomfa yeQonga leFPGA elandelayo eSan Jose nge-22 kaJanuwari. Ngokwendalo, omnye wababoneleli beFPGA abaphambili emhlabeni kunye novulindlela kule ndawo yiXilinx. U-Ivo Bolsens, usekela-mongameli ophezulu kunye negosa eliyintloko lobuchwephesha kwi-Xilinx, wathetha kwinkomfa waza wasinika iingcamango zakhe namhlanje malunga nendlela i-Xilinx inceda ngayo ukudala iinkqubo zekhompyutheni eziguqukayo kumaziko edatha.
Kuthathe ixesha elide ukuba abaqulunqi beenkqubo kunye nabaprogramu bafike kwiziko ledatha elingafaniyo, eliza kuhlala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla ekhompyutha, ukuphatha imisebenzi yokubala, yokugcina, kunye neyokunxibelelana. Oku kubonakala kuyimfuneko kuba ukulandela uMthetho kaMoore ngeetships ezahlukeneyo zeCMOS kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Okwangoku, ulwimi lwethu lusagxile kwiCPU, kwaye sisathetha "ngokukhawulezisa usetyenziso," oko kuthetha ukuba iinkqubo zisebenza ngcono kunoko kunokwenziwa kwiCPU yodwa. Ekugqibeleni, amaziko edatha aya kuba yingqokelela yamandla ekhompyutha, ugcino, kunye neeprotokholi ezidibanisa yonke into, kwaye siza kubuyela kumagama anjenge "compute" kunye "nezicelo." Ikhompyutha exutyiweyo iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo njengeenkonzo zelifu zanamhlanje, ezisebenza kwimveli okanye oomatshini bokwenene, kwaye ngaxa lithile, siza kusebenzisa igama elithi "computing" ukuchaza umsebenzi wabo. Ngaxa lithile—kwaye ii-FPGAs ziya kuba negalelo elikhulu ekuqaliseni eli xesha—siza kuyibiza ngokuba kukucubungula idatha kwakhona.
Ukwamkela iiFPGA kumaziko edatha kuya kufuna utshintsho kwingqondo. "Xa ucinga ngeendlela zokukhawulezisa izicelo zanamhlanje, kufuneka ufikelele kwiziseko zendlela eziqhuba ngayo, zeziphi izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo, apho ixesha lichithwa khona," kuchaza uBolsen. -Kufuneka ufunde ingxaki jikelele ozama ukuyicombulula. Izicelo ezininzi ezisebenza kumaziko edatha namhlanje zilinganisa ukusebenzisa izixa ezikhulu zemithombo. Thatha ukufunda koomatshini, umzekelo, esebenzisa inani elikhulu leenodi zekhompyuter. Kodwa xa sithetha ngokukhawulezisa, kufuneka singacingi nje ngokukhawulezisa ikhompyuter, kodwa nangokukhawulezisa iziseko zophuhliso. ”
Umzekelo, kuhlobo lwemisebenzi yokufunda koomatshini eyafundwa nguBolsen xa isenziwa, malunga ne-50% yexesha elichithweyo kudluliswa idatha emva naphambili phakathi kwamandla ekhompuyutha asasaziweyo, kwaye sisiqingatha esishiyekileyo sexesha esichithwa kwizibalo ngokwazo.
"Kulapho ndicinga ukuba i-FPGA inganceda, kuba sinokuqinisekisa ukuba zombini iinkalo zesicelo kunye nezonxibelelwano ziyaphuculwa. Kwaye singakwenza oku kwinqanaba leziseko zophuhliso, nakwinqanaba le-chip. Le yenye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zeFPGAs, ikuvumela ukuba wenze uthungelwano lonxibelelwano kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo. Ngokusekwe kwiipateni eziqhelekileyo zokushukuma kwedatha kumthwalo we-AI, andiyiboni imfuneko yolwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo olusekwe. Unokwakha inethiwekhi kunye nokuhamba kwedatha enkulu. Kusebenza okufanayo kwimisebenzi yoqeqesho lwenethiwekhi ye-neural - ungakha inethiwekhi ye-mesh kunye nobukhulu bepakethi ehambelana nomsebenzi othile. Ukusebenzisa i-FPGA, iiprothokholi zokudlulisa idatha kunye nezihloko zesekethe zinokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zilungelelaniswe kwisicelo esithile. Kwaye kwimeko yokufunda koomatshini, kukwacacile ukuba asifuni amanani amanqaku adadayo achanekileyo kabini, kwaye sinokuyihlengahlengisa nayo. ”
Umahluko phakathi kwe-FPGA kunye ne-CPU okanye i-ASIC yesiko kukuba le yokugqibela icwangciswe kumzi-mveliso, kwaye emva koko awukwazi ukutshintsha ingqondo yakho malunga neentlobo zedatha ezibalwayo okanye izinto ezibalwayo, okanye malunga nobume bedatha. hamba ngesixhobo. IiFPGA zikuvumela ukuba utshintshe ingqondo yakho ukuba iimeko zokusebenza ziyatshintsha.
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, le nzuzo yeza ngexabiso, xa inkqubo yeFPGA yayingeyiyo eyentliziyo etyhafileyo. Isidingo kukuvula abaqulunqi beFPGA ukudibanisa ngcono kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ezisetyenziselwa ukubhala izicelo ze-CPU-parallel kwi-C, C ++, okanye i-Python, kunye nokukhupha umsebenzi othile kwiilayibrari ezikhawuleza iinkqubo kwi-FPGAs. Yile nto eyenziwa ngumatshini wokufunda we-Vitis, ukunika amandla amaqonga e-ML afana neCaffe kunye ne-TensorFlow, kunye namathala eencwadi okuqhuba iimodeli ze-AI eziqhelekileyo okanye ukongeza amandla e-FPGA kwimisebenzi efana ne-transcoding yevidiyo, ukuqaphela into yevidiyo, kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha , ulawulo lwengozi yezemali kunye nayiphi na yesithathu -iilayibrari zeqela.
Lo mbono ayahlukanga kangako kwiprojekthi ye-Nvidia ye-CUDA, eyasungulwa kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, ekhuphela i-computing ehambelanayo kwii-accelerator ze-GPU, okanye kwi-AMD's ROCm toolkit, okanye kwisithembiso seprojekthi ye-Intel's OneAPI, ekufuneka iqhube kwii-CPU ezahlukeneyo, ii-GPU kunye ne-FPGA.
Umbuzo kuphela kukuba zonke ezi zixhobo ziya kudityaniswa njani ukuze nawuphi na umntu akwazi ukucwangcisa isethi yamandla ekhompyuter ngokubona kwakhe. Oku kubalulekile kuba ii-FPGAs ziye zantsonkotha ngakumbi, zintsonkothe kakhulu kunazo naziphi na ii-CPU ezikhoyo. Zenziwa kusetyenziswa ezona nkqubo ziphezulu kakhulu zokwenziwa kunye nobona bugcisa bangoku bokupakisha iitshiphu. Kwaye baya kufumana i-niche yabo, ekubeni asikwazi ukuchitha ixesha, imali, amandla kunye nobukrelekrele - zonke ezi zizixhobo ezibiza kakhulu.
"IiFPGAs zibonelela ngezibonelelo zobuchwepheshe," utshilo uBolsen. -Kwaye oku ayisiyiyo nje intengiso yesiqhelo malunga nokuguquguquka kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa. Kuzo zonke izicelo ezibalulekileyo - ukufundwa komatshini, uhlalutyo lwegrafu, ukurhweba ngesantya esiphezulu, njl. - banamandla okuziqhelanisa nomsebenzi othile kungekhona nje indlela yokusabalalisa idatha, kodwa kunye nokwakhiwa kwememori - indlela idatha ehamba ngayo ngaphakathi kwe-chip. Ii-FPGAs zikwanenkumbulo eninzi eyakhelwe kuzo kunezinye izixhobo. Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba ukuba umsebenzi awungeni kwiFPGA enye, ungawubeka kwiitshiphusi ezininzi ngaphandle kokujongana nokungalunganga okulindelweyo xa ulinganisa imisebenzi kwii-CPU ezininzi okanye ii-GPU.
umthombo: www.habr.com
