I-Netplan kunye nendlela yokuyilungisa ngokuchanekileyo

Ubuntu yinkqubo yokusebenza emangalisayo, andizange ndisebenze nomncedisi we-Ubuntu ixesha elide kwaye kwakungekho sizathu sokuphucula i-Desktop yam kwi-stable version. Kwaye kungekudala kwanyanzeleka ukuba ndijongane nokukhutshwa kwamva nje kwe-Ubuntu server 18.04, ukumangala kwam kwakungekho mida xa ndabona ukuba ndisemva kwamaxesha kwaye andinakuseta inethiwekhi kuba inkqubo endala elungileyo yokuseta ujongano lwenethiwekhi ngo. ukuhlela /etc/network ifayile/unxibelelwano lwehlile kumjelo. Kwaye kwafika ntoni endaweni yayo? into eyoyikisayo kwaye ekuqaleni ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo, dibana ne "Netplan".

Xa nditheth’ inyani, ekuqaleni ndandingawuqondi kakuhle lo mbandela yaye “kutheni le nto ifuneka, kuba yonke into yayilula,” kodwa emva koqheliselo oluncinane ndafumanisa ukuba inomtsalane wayo.” Yaye ngoko ngokwaneleyo amazwi, masiqhubeke nokuba yintoni iNetplan, esi sisixhobo esitsha soseto lwenethiwekhi ku-Ubuntu, ubuncinci "Andizange ndiyibone into enje kolunye unikezelo." Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweNetplan kukuba uqwalaselo lubhalwe ngolwimi. YAML, ewe, uve ngokufanelekileyo i-YAML, abaphuhlisi bagqibe kwelokuba bahambisane namaxesha (kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba bayincoma kangakanani, ndicinga ukuba lulwimi olubi). Eyona nto ingalunganga yolu lwimi kukuba lunovakalelo kakhulu kwizithuba, makhe sijonge uqwalaselo usebenzisa umzekelo.

Iifayile zoqwalaselo zibekwe ecaleni kwendlela /etc/netplan/filename.yaml, phakathi kwebhloko nganye kufuneka kubekho + 2 izithuba.

1) Isihloko esisezantsi sijongeka ngolu hlobo:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no

Makhe sijonge into esiyenzileyo ngoku:

• inethiwekhi: - esi sisiqalo sebhloko yoqwalaselo.
• umnikezeli: inethwekhi - apha sibonisa umphathi wothungelwano esiza kusebenzisa, oku mhlawumbi kunenethiwekhi okanye NetworkManager
• inguqulo: 2 - apha, njengoko ndiyiqonda, yinguqulelo yeYAML.
• i-ethernets: - le block ibonisa ukuba siza kumisela i-ethernet protocol.
• enps0f0: — bonisa ukuba yeyiphi iadaptha yenethiwekhi esiya kuyiqwalasela.
• dhcp4: hayi - khubaza i-DHCP v4, ye-6 v6 dhcp6 ngokulandelelanayo

2) Makhe sizame ukwabela iidilesi ze-IP:

    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no
      macaddress: bb:11:13:ab:ff:32
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24, 10.10.10.3/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: 8.8.8.8

Apha siseta i-poppy, ipv4, isango kunye neseva ye-dns. Qaphela ukuba ukuba sifuna ngaphezu kwedilesi ye-IP enye, ngoko sizibhala zahlulwe ngeekoma kunye nesithuba esisinyanzelo emva koko.

3) Kuthekani ukuba sifuna ukudibana?

  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1

• iibhondi: - ibhloko echaza ukuba siya kuqwalasela ukudibanisa.
• bond0: - igama lojongano olungenasizathu.
• ujongano: - iseti yojongano oluqokelelwe kwibhondi-ding, "njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuba kukho iiparamitha ezininzi, sizichaza kwizibiyeli ezisikwere."
• parameters: — chaza ibhloko yesethingi yeparamitha
• Imowudi: — khankanya indlela apho ukudibanisa kuya kusebenza.
• mii-monitor-interval: — seta isithuba sokubeka iliso sibe yisekhondi enye.

Ngaphakathi kwebhloko ebizwa ngokuba yibhondi, ungaqwalasela iiparameters ezinjengeedilesi, isango4, iindlela, njl.

Songeze ukungafuneki kwinethiwekhi yethu, ngoku okuseleyo kukufaka wam kwaye ukuseta kungathathwa njengokugqibeleleyo.

vlans: 
    vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      gateway: 10.10.10.1
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true

• vlans: — bhengeza ibhloko yoqwalaselo ye-vlan.
• vlan10: - igama elingenasizathu sojongano lwevlan.
• id: - ithegi yevlan yethu.
• ikhonkco: — ujongano apho i-vlan iza kufikeleleka.
• iindlela: — bhengeza ibhloko yenkcazo yendlela.
• — ukuya: — seta idilesi/isubnet apho indlela ifuneka khona.
• nge: — khankanya isango apho i-subnet yethu iyakufikelelwa khona.
• kwi-link: - sibonisa ukuba iindlela kufuneka zihlale zibhalisiwe xa ikhonkco liphakanyisiwe.

Nika ingqalelo kwindlela endibeka ngayo izithuba; oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-YAML.

Ke sichaze unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi, sidale ukuhlangana, kwaye songeze iivlan. Masisebenzise i-config yethu, i-netplan application command iya kukhangela i-config yethu yeempazamo kwaye isebenzise ukuba iphumelele.Okulandelayo, uqwalaselo luya kuphakanyiswa ngokwalo xa inkqubo iqalwa kwakhona.

Ukuqokelela zonke iibhloko zekhowudi zangaphambili, yile nto sinayo:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4: no
    ensp3s0f1:
      dhcp4: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1
  vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true
  vlan20:
    id: 20
    link: bond0
    dhcp4: no
    addresses: [10.10.11.2/24]
    gateway: 10.10.11.1
    nameserver:
      addresses: [8.8.8.8]
    

Ngoku inethiwekhi yethu ilungele ukusebenza, yonke into yajika ingoyiki njengoko yayibonakala ekuqaleni kwaye ikhowudi yaba yinto enhle kakhulu kwaye ifundeka. I-PC enkosi nge-netplan kukho incwadi ebalaseleyo kwikhonkco https://netplan.io/.

umthombo: www.habr.com