Umphuhlisi u-Emmanuele Bassi uqinisekile ukuba ngohlaziyo olutsha lokusebenzisa, i-desktop ye-GNOME iya kuba bhetyebhetye kwaye ilungele.
Ngo-2005, abaphuhlisi be-GNOME bamisela injongo yokubamba i-10% yemarike yekhompyutha yedesktop yehlabathi ngo-2010. Iminyaka eyi-15 idlulile. Isabelo seekhompyuter zedesktop kunye neLinux ebhodini malunga ne-2%. Ngaba izinto ziya kutshintsha emva kweenguqulelo ezininzi ezintsha? Kwaye kunjalo, yintoni ekhethekileyo ngabo?
Ubume beDesktop iye yehlelwa ziinguqu ezininzi ukususela ekukhululweni kwayo okokuqala ngoMatshi 1999. Ukusukela ngoko, iprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo ibisoloko ikhupha uhlaziyo kabini ngonyaka. Ke ngoku abasebenzisi bazi kwangaphambili ukuba balindele nini ukuba izinto ezintsha zivele.
Ukukhutshwa kwamva nje yakhululwa ngo-Matshi, kwaye ngoku abaphuhlisi baceba ukukhululwa okulandelayo ngoSeptemba. Ndithethe no-Emmanuele Bassi ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ekhethekileyo malunga nenguqulo yangoku ye-GNOME-kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, yintoni entsha kwiinguqulelo ezizayo.
U-Emmanuele usebenze neqela le-GNOME iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15. Waqala wasebenza kwiprojekthi eyanika abaphuhlisi amandla okusebenzisa amathala eencwadi e-GNOME kunye nezinye iilwimi zeprogram, kwaye emva koko wadlulela kwiqela lophuhliso le-GTK, iwijethi yeplatform yokuphuhlisa izicelo ze-GNOME. Ngo-2018, i-GNOME yamkele u-Emmanuele kwiqela le-GTK Core, apho asebenza khona kwilayibrari ye-GTK kunye neqonga lophuhliso lwesicelo se-GNOME.
I-GNOME 3.36 yakhutshwa ngoMatshi ka-2020. Ziziphi iinkalo zalo esifanele sizazi ngokuqinisekileyo?
Emmanuelle Basi: [Okokuqala, ndifuna ukubonisa ukuba] I-GNOME ilandele ishedyuli engqongqo yokukhupha iminyaka eyi-18. Inguqulelo elandelayo ye-GNOME ikhutshwa hayi ngenxa yokuba naziphi na iimpawu zilungile, kodwa ngokwesicwangciso. Oku kwenza kube lula ukusebenza kukhupho. Kwi-GNOME, asilindanga into enkulu elandelayo ukuba ilungile. Endaweni yoko, sivele sikhuphe into entsha rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Sisoloko silungisa iziphene, songeza izinto ezintsha kwaye sipolisha yonke into ukuze ikhanye.
Kolu khululo, sijonge ukuba yonke imisebenzi ilungile kwaye imnandi ukuyisebenzisa. I-GNOME 3.36 inophuculo oluninzi lokusebenziseka. Umzekelo, ndiyathanda ukukwazi ukucima izaziso. Eli nqaku lalifumaneka kuguqulelo oludala kakhulu lwe-GNOME, kodwa lasuswa kwixesha elidlulileyo kuba lalingasebenzi ngokuthembekileyo. Kodwa siyibuyise kuba eli nqaku liluncedo kakhulu kwaye libalulekile kubantu abaninzi.
Ungavula okanye ucime izaziso kuzo zonke ii-apps ngaxeshanye, okanye uzilungiselele usetyenziso ngalunye olusebenzisayo. Ungalifumana eli nqaku kwiiSetingi ze-GNOME, kwimenyu yosetyenziso.
Songeze kwaye siphucule isikrini sokutshixa i-GNOME. Idala ikwimisebenzi, kodwa ngoku ilungile. Xa isikrini sokutshixa sibonisiwe, imvelaphi yendawo yokusebenza yangoku imfiliba, kodwa usetyenziso olusebenzayo alukabonakali. Besisebenza koku kunye neengxaki ezinxulumeneyo kwizihlandlo ezithathu okanye ezine zokugqibela kwaye soyise imiceli mngeni emininzi ukuze yonke into isebenze kakuhle.
Enye into esiyifumene ibalulekile ngokwembono yamava omsebenzisi kukufikelela kuzo zonke Izandiso. Ngaphambili, izandiso zinokufikelelwa kwiZiko leSicelo (iZiko leSoftware ye-GNOME), kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu owayesazi ngalo. Ngoku sihambise ulawulo lolwandiso kwisicelo esahlukileyo.
Kwaye siphucule kancinci iqokobhe le-GNOME ngokwayo. Umzekelo, iifolda kwi-Launcher luphawu olutsha olukhulu. Kulula ngokwenene ukwenza amaqela akho e-app okanye iifolda kwisiqalisi. Abasebenzisi abaninzi bebecela le nto ixesha elide. Iifolda zongezwa kuguqulelo lwangaphambili lwe-GNOME, kodwa [inqaku] lalifuna umsebenzi othile ukuze lipholile ngokwenene. Kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba uyayixabisa kwi-GNOME 3.36.
Iifolda zibonakala ngakumbi kwaye zikhangeleka kakhulu. I-GNOME iyakucebisa igama lefolda yakho, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuyiqamba kwakhona ukuba uyafuna.
Zeziphi iimpawu ze-GNOME ezingaxatyiswanga okanye azikaqatshelwa?
E.B.: Andazi ukuba zikho na ezinye izinto ezibaluleke ngokwenene kwi-GNOME 3.36. Ukuba ungumsebenzisi onzima we-GNOME, ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo omele uyixabise lujongano lomsebenzisi oluphuculweyo. Sikwathetha ngoyena βubuchuleβ [kunye nobuhlobo] nokusebenzisana nomsebenzisi. Inkqubo akufuneki ikunike nayiphi na ingxaki.
[Ndiphinde ndakhumbula ukuba] senze lula umsebenzi kunye nendawo yokufaka igama eliyimfihlo. Ngaphambili, yonke into bekufuneka yenziwe ngemenyu ekufuneka uyifumene ngandlela thile, kodwa ngoku yonke into isesandleni sakho.
Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba usebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo amade nantsokothileyo njengoko ndenzayo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, xa ungenisa igama lokugqitha, ungacofa i icon encinci ukuze uqiniseke ukuba uyifake ngokuchanekileyo.
E.B.: Usetyenziso olungakumbi kwi-GNOME ngoku luphendula uhlengahlengiso. Ukuphendula kolu tshintsho, ujongano lomsebenzisi luyilwa ngokutsha. Usetyenziso lweSetingi ngumzekelo omhle kulo mba. Ukuba uyenza imxinwa kakhulu iwindow yayo, izakubonisa izinto ze UI ngokwahlukileyo. Sisebenze koku ngenxa yeemfuno ezivelayo zokuphendula: iinkampani ezinjengePurism zisebenzisa i-GNOME kwezinye iisayizi zesikrini (kubandakanywa neefowuni), kunye neefom ezahlukeneyo.
Awuyi kuqaphela utshintsho oluthile de uqale ukusebenzisa i-desktop ye-GNOME. Zininzi izinto ezintle ezikuvumela ukuba wenze ngokwezifiso i-GNOME ukuze ihambelane nezinto ozikhethayo.
Awungomphuhlisi kuphela, kodwa ungumsebenzisi we-GNOME. Nceda undixelele ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ze-GNOME ozifumana ziluncedo kakhulu kumsebenzi wakho wemihla ngemihla?
E.B.: Ndisebenzisa i-keyboard navigation kakhulu. Ndisebenzisa ikhibhodi ngalo lonke ixesha: Ndihlala ndibeke izandla zam kwikhibhodi. Ukusebenzisa imawusi kakhulu kunokubangela ukuba ndifumane i-RSI (intlungu yezihlunu okanye ukwenzakala okubangelwa ziintshukumo eziphinda-phindayo ezikhawulezileyo). Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ikhibhodi kuphela kuhle.
Inkqubo ye-hotkey ephuculweyo yenye yeenzuzo kunye nenxalenye yenkcubeko ye-GNOME. Uyilo lwethu luphuhlisa kwicala elifanayo, elisekelwe kwiparadigm yokusebenzisa izitshixo "ezikhawulezayo". Ke yinxalenye engundoqo yolwimi loyilo, hayi into eyongezelelweyo eya kususwa ngenye imini.
Ukongeza, kufuneka ndivule iifestile ezininzi kwiscreen kwaye ndizilungelelanise kwindawo. Ndidla ngokubeka iifestile ezimbini ecaleni. Ndikwasebenzisa iindawo ezininzi zokusebenza. Ndizamile ukulawula iindawo zam zokusebenza emva koo-1990 ndisebenzisa iidesktop ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa bendihlala ndine desktops ezongezelelweyo ezihlala zijikeleze. I-GNOME yenza kube lula ukwenza indawo entsha yokusebenza nanini na uyifuna. Kwaye shwaka ngokulula nje xa imfuno yayo inyamalala.
Zeziphi izinto ezinomdla esinokuzilindela kwi-GNOME 3.37 nakwi-GNOME 3.38, ecwangciselwe uSeptemba 2020?
E.B.: Utshintsho lwenzeka rhoqo. Ngokomzekelo, ngoku sisebenza kwigridi yesicelo kunye nezicwangciso zayo. Okwangoku, ii -apps zihlelwa ngamagama kwaye zicwangciswe ngokwealfabhethi, kodwa kungekudala uya kukwazi ukuzitsala kwaye uzicwangcise ngokungenamkhethe. Oku kuphawula isiphelo sotshintsho olukhulu ebesisebenza kulo iminyaka emihlanu nangaphezulu. Injongo yethu kukwenza i-GNOME ibe ngaphantsi kwegunya kwaye igxile kumsebenzisi.
Sikwasebenza kwi-GNOME Shell. Abaphuhlisi bafuna ukwenza ezinye iimvavanyo nge-Overview. Namhlanje unephaneli ekhohlo, indawo yolawulo ngasekunene, kunye neefestile embindini. Siza kuzama ukususa ideshibhodi kuba, ngokombono wethu, ayinamsebenzi. Kodwa usenako ukuyibuyisela kwaye uyiqwalasele. Olu luhlobo lokunqwala ukuya kwiselula-kuqala. Kodwa kwikhompyuter yedesktop, ukwimowudi yomhlaba kwaye unendawo eninzi yescreen real estate. Kwaye kwisixhobo esiphathwayo kukho indawo encinci, ngoko sizama iindlela ezintsha zokubonisa umxholo. Ezinye zazo ziya kuvela kwi-GNOME 3.38, kodwa eli libali elide kakhulu, ngoko masingathengi.
Kuya kubakho iinketho ezininzi kwiiSetingi ze-GNOME. I-GNOME 3.38 iya kuba ne-toolbar yokwenza izinto ezininzi. Olunye useto olutsha sele luphunyeziwe kwi-app ye-GNOME Tweaks, kwaye ezinye zazo ziya kusuka kwi-Tweaks ukuya kwi-app engundoqo yoSeto. Umzekelo, ukukwazi ukucima ikona eshushu - abanye abantu abayithandi eli nqaku. Siza kukunika ukukwazi ukwenza amava akho omsebenzisi ngokufanelekileyo kwizikrini ezininzi, ngasinye sinendawo yaso yokusebenza. Uninzi lwezi tweaks azifumaneki ngoku, ke siyazisusa kwi-GNOME Tweaks.
[Ekuqukumbeleni,] ngamnye wethu wenze umsebenzi omninzi ukwenza i-GNOME ibengcono, kubandakanywa nabantu abaqhuba iinkqubo ezilinganiselweyo ezifana neRaspberry Pi. Lilonke, sisebenze nzima kwaye siyaqhubeka nokusebenza nzima ukuphucula i-GNOME [kwaye siyenze isebenziseke ngakumbi].Njengentengiso
Ku funeka ? Nathi ungafaka ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza. Iiseva zethu ze-epic ezineprosesa zangoku nezinamandla ezivela kwi-AMD zigqibelele. Uluhlu olubanzi lokuhlengahlengiswa kunye nentlawulo yemihla ngemihla.
umthombo: www.habr.com