Kunzima ukuvavanya zonke iipaneli ezibonelelwa ngumboneleli ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi, ngoko siqokelele ezona zintathu zidumileyo kuphononongo okufutshane.
Ubunzima buvela xa abathengi betshintsha ukusuka kulawulo lwe-OS ukuya kwimisebenzi enxulumene nokusingatha. Kufuneka balawule iiwebhusayithi ezininzi ezinee-CMS ezahlukeneyo kunye neeakhawunti ezininzi zomsebenzisi. Ukunciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi, kufanelekile ukufaka iphaneli yokulawula evumela ukumisela iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo nge-interface yewebhu elula ukuyisebenzisa. Oku kuya kuba yimfuneko nakumaqabane omboneleli athengisa iinkonzo zawo kubathengi. Namhlanje, siza kuthelekisa iimveliso ezintathu ezidumileyo ezikhoyo xa u-odola i-VPS kunye ne-VDS kwi Linux.
Iimpawu Overview
Iiphaneli , и yisoftware yobunikazi isasazwe phantsi kweelayisensi zorhwebo. Okokuqala, makhe sithelekise izakhono zabo ezisisiseko, ezishwankathelweyo ngenxa yenjongo kunye nokucaca kwitheyibhile enye.
Plesk
cPanel
Umphathi we-ISP
I-OS exhaswayo
Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, RHEL, Ilifu Linux, KwiAmazon Linux, iVirtuozzo Linux, Windows Server
CentOS, CloudLinux, RHEL, Amazon Linux
CentOS, Debian, Ubuntu
Iindleko zelayisensi yomninimzi omnye ngenyanga (kwiwebhusayithi yomphuhlisi)
Iiseva zewebhu ezixhaswayo
Apache
Nginx
Apache
Inkxaso ye-Nginx iphantsi kovavanyo
Apache
Nginx
Ulawulo lofikelelo lweFTP
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+
+
I-DBMS exhaswayo
MySQL
I-MSSQL
MySQL
MySQL
PostgreSQL
Ulawulo lwenkonzo yemeyile
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+
+
Ukumisela imimandla kunye neerekhodi ze-DNS
+ (ngenkonzo yangaphandle)
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+
Ukufakwa kwezikripthi kunye neCMS
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+
+
Iiplagi/iimodyuli
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+
+ (imali encinci)
Iinguqulelo ezingezinye ze-PHP
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+
+
Umphathi wefayile
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+
Ugcino
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+
Мобильное приложение
Ye-iOS kunye Android
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-
Umbutho wokubamba (ukwenziwa kwabathengisi kunye nezicwangciso zentlawulo)
Iyafumaneka kwezinye iintlelo
kukho
Iyafumaneka kwi-ISPmanager Business version
▍Plesk
Enye yezona ndlela zisebenziseka lula, ifanelekile kuzo zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi. Iphaneli ayisebenzi kuphela ngokusasazwa okuthandwayo okusekelwe kwi-deb kunye ne-rpm. Linuxkodwa kwakhona WindowsNangona abathengi beVPS/VDS Windows Izixhobo zolawulo lomntu wesithathu azifuneki rhoqo; zinokufakwa ukuba ziyafunwa. IPlesk ikwahlulahlula kubakhuphisana nayo ngoluhlu olubanzi lwesoftware exhaswayo, kuquka ezo zingasetyenziswa rhoqo kwiiseva zewebhu zemveli (iDocker, iNodeJS, iGit, iRuby, njl.njl.).
Abaphuhlisi banikezela ngeentlelo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso, kubandakanywa inguqu ekhanyayo kunye nesethi encinci yeempawu. I-Plesk ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe uguqulelo lwe-PHP kwindawo nganye, ixhasa i-PHP-fpm, ine-installer eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ye-CMS eyaziwayo, kunye nenani elikhulu lezandiso ezincedisa ukusebenza kwepaneli. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-edition, i-Plesk inokubandakanya iphaneli yokuhlawula, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izicwangciso zeerhafu ezahlukeneyo kunye nabathengisi - imveliso ijoliswe ngokukodwa kwiinkampani zokubamba kunye ne-studio zewebhu, kunye ne-VPS / VDS nganye ukusebenza kwayo kubonakala kungafuneki. Ukungalungi okuphambili kwePlesk, echongiwe ngeli nqanaba, lixabiso eliphezulu leelayisenisi kunye nesidingo sokuthenga izandiso.
▍cPanel & WHM
Le panel yenzelwe ukusebenza neRedHat Enterprise Linux kunye nokusasazwa kwezinye izinto eziphuma kuzo. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa kodwa iyasebenza kakhulu: i-cPanel ikuvumela ukuba ulawule iiseva zewebhu kunye needathabheyisi, ulungiselele ngokulula imida yabasebenzisi bokusingatha, usete izicwangciso zamaxabiso, wenze abathengisi, kwaye ulawule inkonzo yakho ye-imeyile ngezihluzi kunye noluhlu lweemeyile. NjengakwiPlesk, inika iimpawu ezininzi ezongezelelweyo, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-cPanel kunokwandiswa ngee-plugins zorhwebo kunye nezasimahla. Ngaphezu koko, esi sixhobo sikuvumela ukuba ukhethe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye neenguqulelo ze-PHP. Iingxaki ezinkulu ziquka iindleko eziphezulu zelayisensi kunye nokungabikho kwenkxaso yokusasazwa okudumileyo okusekelwe kwiDebian.
▍Umphathi we-ISP
Iphaneli yokugqibela esiyijongileyo ihlukile kwezinye ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi. Ngaphezu koko, ayisebenzi kuphela kwi CentOS (i-RHEL clone), kodwa ikwakwi Debian/UbuntuIphaneli yenzelwe ukubamba imisebenzi kunye nohlaziyo ngokuzenzekelayo. Abasebenzisi banokufikelela kumaxwebhu aneenkcukacha zolwimi lwesiRashiya, ukukwazi ukuseta inguqulelo ye-PHP kwindawo nganye, kunye nokukwazi ukufaka ngaxeshanye iinguqulelo ezininzi ze-DBMS ngaphakathi kwezikhongozeli zeDocker. I-PHP-fpm iyaxhaswa, kwaye kukho isifakeli esakhelwe ngaphakathi sezikripthi ezithandwayo kunye ne-CMS, kunye neemodyuli ezininzi zokudibanisa ukwandisa ukusebenza.
Amaxabiso eRuVDS
Itheyibhile engentla ibonisa uluhlu lwamaxabiso e-Plesk, i-cPanel kunye neelayisensi ze-ISPmanager ukuba uzithenga kwiiwebhusayithi zomphuhlisi. Ababoneleli abaninzi bokubamba banikezela ukuxhobisa ngokukhawuleza umncedisi ngephaneli, kwaye ixabiso lelayisenisi linokuba liphantsi. Njengenxalenye yokunyuselwa koNyaka oMtsha, iRuVDS inika abathengi aba-odole iVPS ithuba lokusebenzisa i-ISPmanager Lite simahla kude kube nguDisemba 31, 2019, kunye noshicilelo lolawulo lwewebhu lwePlesk kude kube nguJanuwari 31, 2020. Emva kokuphela kokunyuswa, iindleko zeelayisenisi ziya kuba ngama-ruble angama-200 kunye ne-650 ngenyanga. Inguqulelo yesilingo ye-cPanel isimahla ukuyisebenzisa kangangeentsuku ezili-14, kodwa ke uya kufuna ilayisenisi ngqo kumphuhlisi.
Okokuqala ngqondweni
Abathengi abayi kuba nangxaki yokufaka nokuqalisa iiphaneli, njengoko sele siyilungisile loo nto—esinye isizathu (ngaphandle kwexabiso) sokuthenga ilayisenisi ngomboneleli we-hosting. Xa u-odola iseva, khetha nje enye yeendlela ezintathu ezikhoyo: i-ISPmanager Lite, uhlelo lolawulo lwewebhu lwePlesk, okanye i-cPanel kunye ne-WHM ngovavanyo lwasimahla lweentsuku ezili-14. Nceda uqaphele ukuba nangona iPlesk ingasebenza Windows Server, olu khetho alufumaneki ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Ukuba ufuna iphaneli ye-Microsoft OS, kuya kufuneka uyifake ngokwakho. Le yindlela eqhelekileyo: i-VPS/VDS ivuliwe Windows ayizi nesoftware yomntu wesithathu. I-cPanel ifumaneka kuphela kwiimatshini ezikwi- CentOS, nto leyo nayo yendalo.
Ukuseta kokuqala kunye nokudalwa kweewebhusayithi akuyi kubangela nabuphi na ubunzima, kodwa iimpawu zephaneli nganye ethile zibalulekile apha. Masizame ukuqaqambisa amandla kunye nobuthathaka babo.
▍Plesk
Ujongano lomsebenzisi lukaPlesk lufana nephaneli yomlawuli. WordPressImenyu (iphaneli yokukhangela) ikwicala lasekhohlo, kwaye indawo yokusebenza ikumbindi. Imenyu icwangciswe ngendlela efanelekileyo, kwaye zonke izicwangciso zifikeleleka lula. Ujongano lufana nephaneli yomlawuli. WordPress Oku akuyonto ingaqhelekanga: siyithandile kakhulu indlela uPlesk adityaniswe ngayo nale CMS idumileyo, efakelwa ngayo ngokuzenzekelayo. Kulula kakhulu ukufaka ezinye izikripthi zomntu wesithathu—inzuzo enkulu.
Kwicala lasekunene lefestile ungafumana izinto ezongezelelweyo zojongano ezenza ukusebenza kunye nendawo yolawulo kube lula. Ziqulethe ulwazi olwahlukeneyo, zikuvumela ukuba ukhangele ngokukhawuleza kumacandelo ahlukeneyo esethingi, kwaye unike ukhetho lokufaka isofthiwe eyongezelelweyo. Inzuzo ephambili yePlesk linani elikhulu lolwandiso kunye nokuhambelana nesoftware engaqhelekanga yokusingatha iwebhu. Sithande kakhulu inkxaso yeDocker ngaphandle kwebhokisi kunye neseti etyebileyo yemifanekiso esele ilungile (ungalayisha eyakho).
Ekugqibeleni, impukane encinci kwi-ointment: kwi-Plesk web admin edition kuphela imisebenzi esisiseko ekhoyo, kwiintlelo ezibiza kakhulu uluhlu lwabo lubanzi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, le yipropathi eqhelekileyo yeenguqulelo zomgangatho wokungena.
▍cPanel & WHM
Apha sithande ulwahlulo lweeakhawunti kwiintlobo ezimbini: abasebenzisi kunye nabalawuli / abathengisi. Enyanisweni, imveliso iqukethe iipaneli ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: i-cPanel ngokwayo kunye noMphathi weWebHost (WHM). Eyokuqala yenzelwe abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo ababambayo kwaye ikulungele ukusebenza nayo.
Kubandakanya ukukwazi ukwenza izicwangciso zeerhafu, imisebenzi yabalawuli kunye nabathengisi bafumaneka ngepaneli ekhethekileyo ye-WHM. Ujongano lweli qela lolawulo lucwangciswe ngokubanzi ngengqiqo: kwicala lasekhohlo kukho ngokwesiko imenyu efihliweyo ye-hierarchical enebar yokukhangela, kwaye ekunene kukho indawo yokusebenza. Inezicwangciso ezininzi kwaye kwelinye icala le nto ilungile. Kwelinye icala, imenyu ye-WHM ayinakubizwa ngokuba ifanelekile. Ngelixa sisePlesk phantse asizange sisebenzise uphendlo, apha kukho iinketho ezininzi kwicandelo ngalinye kangangokuba ibha yokukhangela iba sesona sixhobo somlawuli.
▍Umphathi we-ISP
Umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kweli candelo lolawulo kunye nelangaphambili lolona jongano lwenziwe lula kwaye lunengqondo. Ngasekhohlo yimenyu yokukhangela, kwaye ngasekunene yindawo yokusebenza. Unokuvula iinketho ezahlukeneyo zemenyu ngabanye okanye ngaxeshanye kwiithebhu zendawo yokusebenza - oku kulungele kakhulu, kuba abalawuli bahlala befuna imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yepaneli ngokuhambelana. Ukongeza kwezo zinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusingatha, abalawuli banokufikelela kwimisebenzi eyongezelelweyo kunye nenkqubo, efana ne-anti-virus scanning, umphathi wefayile, umcwangcisi, okanye i-firewall. Izicelo ezongezelelweyo ezifakwe kwiphakheji ziquka i-Roundcube Webmail kunye ne-phpMyAdmin.
Sikuthandile ukulula kokuseta kunye nokukwazi ukuhlaziya isoftware ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokufakwa okupheleleyo kweRussian yephaneli kunye nawo onke amaxwebhu ahamba nawo - uphuhliso lwangaphandle lunobunzima kule nto. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-interface eyenziwe lula ayisoloko ine-flexibility efunekayo yokusetha, kunye nenani leemodyuli ezongezelelweyo ezikhoyo ze-ISPmanager ziyanyamalala zincinci xa kuthelekiswa nokuqokelela kwePlesk kunye neCanel. Ukongeza, kolona shicilelo lwe-Lite luxabiso liphantsi awukwazi ukwenza abathengisi kunye nolungelelwaniso lweqela.
Khu seleko
Iphaneli yolawulo inika abalawuli amandla abanzi kwinkqubo yokusebenza efakwe kwiseva, kwaye ke ngoko ubukho obunokwenzeka bobuthathaka kuyo bunokuba yingozi. Ngokungagqibekanga, ukufikelela kwimisebenzi yazo zonke iiphaneli ezidwelisiweyo, iprotocol exhasa i-HTTPS enesatifikethi esizisayinileyo iyasetyenziswa. Ngexesha elifanayo, akukho mntu uvimbela umsebenzisi ukuba afake isatifikethi esithengiweyo. Ukongeza, i-cPanel kunye ne-ISPmanager zicwangcisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbini zokungena kubalawuli / abathengisi kunye nabaxhasi. Ukongeza, i-cPanel inokhuseleko olongezelelweyo lwezixhobo zokulawula: umzekelo, ayivumeli ukufikelela kwephpMyAdmin ngekhonkco elithe ngqo. Kwakhona, zonke iipaneli ezintathu zihlaziywa rhoqo, zikuvumela ukuba ufake izatifikethi ze-SSL kwiisayithi (kubandakanywa nokuzisayinela), kwaye unokongeza iimodyuli ezinxulumene nokhuseleko kuzo, njengezixhobo ze-antivirus.
Ugcino
I-Plesk ixhasa i-backups epheleleyo kunye neyongezelelweyo kwisitoreji sayo okanye kumthombo wangaphandle. Kule meko, unokwenza ikopi epheleleyo yeseva yonke okanye ikopi yedatha yeakhawunti yomsebenzisi ngamnye. I-cPanel yenza iikopi ezicinezelweyo, ezingaxinzelelwanga, kunye nezongezelelekileyo - ezi zigcinwa ngokwendalo ngokungagqibekanga. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuqalisa inkqubo yekopi kwishedyuli kunye nokungabikho kojongano lwayo lokubuyisela idatha.
Ngokombono wethu, izicwangciso ze-backup kwi-ISPmanager aziguquki ngokwaneleyo, kodwa zonke iimpawu eziphambili zikwafumaneka kule panel: idatha igcinwe kwi-directory yendawo okanye kwisixhobo sangaphandle kwaye inokukhuselwa ngephasiwedi. Ngokungagqibekanga, zonke iinkcukacha zabasebenzisi zikotshwa, nangona oku kunokutshintshwa kwizicwangciso. Ukongeza, useto lubonisa inani le-backups epheleleyo kunye nemihla ngemihla.
Iingenelelo kunye nokungalunganga
Zontathu iiphaneli zihlaziyiwe ziphezulu kuluhlu lwezona zidumileyo kwaye zahlulwa ngokusebenza kwazo okubanzi. I-Plesk ixhasa iindidi zesoftware kwaye ikuvumela ukuba usombulule uluhlu olubanzi lweengxaki. Ngaphezulu kwe-200 yemifanekiso eyahlukeneyo ye-Docker iyafumaneka kubasebenzisi, kwaye inani elikhulu lezandiso lenza i-Plesk ibe sisixhobo sendalo yonke, esingafanelekanga kuphela ekuququzeleleni ukusingathwa. I-cPanel yenzelwe ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene nokubamba, kwaye abaphuhlisi baye bahlula ukufikelela kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngamanqanaba amabini: iipaneli ezahlukeneyo zenziwe kubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo kunye nabalawuli. Kukwafanelekile ukuba uqaphele iimfuno eziphezulu kwizixhobo zekhompyutha - i-cPanel ayifanele ifakwe kwi-VPS yamandla aphantsi. Iphaneli yomphathi we-ISP nayo yenzelwe kuphela ulawulo lokusingatha. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ayifuni izixhobo kwaye ayibizi - mhlawumbi le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yeVPS yenqanaba lokungena okanye kubalawuli be-novice kunye nabamkeli.
umthombo: www.habr.com
