Ngaphambili thina malunga nokuHlanganisa okuqhubekayo (CI). Masiqhubeke ngoHambiso oluqhubekayo. Olu luhlu lweendlela zophuhliso lwesoftware. Inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhowudi yakho ilungele ukuthunyelwa.
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ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Ibinzana lonikezelo oluqhubekayo linokubonwa emva ukusuka ngo-2001 ekuqaleni koluhlu lwemigaqo esisiseko: βEyona nto iphambili kukusombulula iingxaki zabathengi ngokuqhubeka nokuziswa kwesoftware esexesheni.β
Ngo-2010, uJez Humble noDavid Farley bakhululwa ngoNikezo oluQhubelekayo. Ngokutsho kwababhali, iCD iyancedisa indlela kwaye ikuvumela ukuba wenze lula ukulungiswa kwekhowudi yokusasazwa.
Emva kokupapashwa kwencwadi, le ndlela yaqala ukufumana ukuthandwa kwaye kwiminyaka nje embalwa yaphantse yamkelwa. Ngoku ka , olwenziwa phakathi kwabaphuhlisi abangaphezu kwama-600 kunye nabaphathi be-IT kwi-2014, i-97% yabaphathi bezobugcisa kunye ne-84% yabadwelisi beprogram babeqhelene nokuHanjiswa ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngoku le ndlela ihlala enye yezona zidumileyo. Ngokutsho kophononongo lwe-2018 olubandakanya uluntu lwe-IT DevOps kunye neJenkins Community, yona isiqingatha sabangaphezu kwewaka abathe babuzwa.
Isebenza njani iContinuous Delivery?
Isiseko se-CD kukulungela ikhowudi yokusasazwa. Ukufezekisa lo msebenzi, i-automation yenkqubo yokulungiselela isoftware yokukhululwa isetyenziswa. Kufuneka ibe ngumgangatho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso, eziza kunceda ukufumana ngokukhawuleza amanqaku abuthathaka kunye nokwandisa. Umzekelo, khawuleza uvavanyo.
Umzekelo wenkqubo yoNikezo oluQhubekayo ujongeka ngolu hlobo:
Ukuba i-Continuous Integration approach inoxanduva lokuzenzekelayo izigaba ezimbini zokuqala, ngoko ukuhanjiswa ngokuqhubekayo kunoxanduva lwezi zimbini zilandelayo. Uzinzo lwenkqubo luqinisekiswa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngeenkqubo . Babeka iliso kutshintsho kwiziseko ezingundoqo, oovimba beenkcukacha kunye nokuxhomekeka kwabo. Ukuthunyelwa ngokwayo kungenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo okanye kwenziwe ngesandla.
Ezi mfuno zilandelayo zibekwe kwinkqubo:
- Ukufumaneka kolwazi malunga nokulungela ukungena kwindawo yokuvelisa kunye nokulungela ukukhululwa ngokukhawuleza (izixhobo ze-CD zivavanya ikhowudi kwaye zenze kube lula ukuvavanya umphumo weenguqu ekukhululweni).
- Uxanduva lulonke lwemveliso yokugqibela. Iqela lemveliso-abaphathi, abaphuhlisi, abavavanyi-cinga ngesiphumo, kwaye hayi nje malunga nendawo yabo yoxanduva (isiphumo kukukhutshelwa okusebenzayo okukhoyo kubasebenzisi bemveliso).
KwiiCD idla ngokusetyenziswa , kunye nokuqokelela izimvo zabathengi - umgaqo . Inqaku elitsha liqala ukukhutshwa kwicandelo elincinci labasebenzisi - amava abo okunxibelelana nemveliso anceda ukufumana iintsilelo kunye neempazamo ezingazange ziqatshelwe ngexesha lovavanyo lwangaphakathi.
Yintoni inzuzo
Ukuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo kunceda ukwenza lula ukuthunyelwa kwekhowudi, enefuthe elihle kwimveliso kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okudinwa kwabasebenzi. Ekugqibeleni, oku kunciphisa iindleko zophuhliso jikelele. Umzekelo, iCD yanceda elinye lamaqela eHP iindleko ezinjalo ngama-40%.
Ukongeza, ngokutsho kophononongo luka-2016 (iphepha 28 ) - iinkampani eziye zasebenzisa i-CD zixazulula iingxaki zokhuseleko lolwazi nge-50% ngokukhawuleza kunabo bangasebenzisi indlela. Kwinqanaba elithile, lo mahluko unokuchazwa ngokusebenza kwezixhobo zenkqubo yokuzenzekelayo.
Enye into edibanisayo kukukhawulezisa ukukhutshwa. Ukuhanjiswa ngokuqhubekayo kwisitudiyo sophuhliso saseFinland ukwandisa isantya ikhowudi yokuhlanganisa ngama-25%.
Ubunzima obunokwenzeka
Ingxaki yokuqala kunye neyona nto iphambili iyimfuneko yokuvuselela iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo. Ukubonisa izibonelelo zendlela entsha, kuyafaneleka ukutshintshela kwi-CD ngokuthe ngcembe, ungaqalisi ngezona zicelo zinzima kakhulu.
Ingxaki yesibini enokubakho linani elikhulu lamasebe ekhowudi. Isiphumo "sesebe" kukungquzulana rhoqo kunye nokulahlekelwa ngakumbi kwexesha elikhulu. Isisombululo esinokwenzeka - indlela .
Ngokukodwa, kwezinye iinkampani ubunzima obuphambili buvela ngovavanyo - kuthatha ixesha elininzi. Iziphumo zovavanyo kufuneka zihlalutywe ngesandla, kodwa isisombululo esinokubakho sinokuba kukulinganisa iimvavanyo kumanqanaba okuqala okuphunyezwa kweCD.
Kufuneka kwakhona uqeqeshe abasebenzi ukuba basebenze ngezixhobo ezitsha - inkqubo yemfundo yokuqala iya kusindisa iinzame zabaphuhlisi kunye nexesha.
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Zixhobo
Nazi izixhobo ezimbalwa ezivulelekileyo zoThutho oluQhubekayo:
- - iseva yonikezelo oluqhubekayo kwiJava kunye neJRuby kwiRails. Ikuvumela ukuba ulawule yonke inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwesicelo: ukwakha-uvavanyo-ukukhululwa. Isixhobo sihanjiswa phantsi kwelayisensi ye-Apache 2.0. Ungayifumana kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni .
- - isakhelo sokudala izikripthi ezenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukuthunyelwa kwezicelo kwiRuby, Java okanye PHP. I-Capistrano iyakwazi ukwenza imiyalelo kumatshini okude ngokudibanisa kuwo nge-SSH. Isebenza kunye nezinye izixhobo eziqhubekayo zokudibanisa kunye nokuhanjiswa, ezifana ne-Integrity CI iseva.
- sisixhobo seqonga esenzela wonke umjikelo wophuhliso lwesicelo. I-Gradle isebenza kunye neJava, i-Python, i-C / C ++, i-Scala, njl. Kukho ukudibanisa ne-Eclipse, i-IntelliJ kunye ne-Jenkins.
- - Iqonga leCD kulwimi lwaseGo. I-Drone inokubekwa kwindawo okanye kwilifu. Isixhobo sakhelwe phezu kwezikhongozeli kwaye sisebenzisa iifayile ze-YAML ukuzilawula.
- - iqonga lokuhanjiswa kwekhowudi eqhubekayo kwiinkqubo zamafu amaninzi. Iphuhliswe yiNetflix, iinjineli zikaGoogle zidlale indima enkulu ekuphuhliseni isixhobo. Imiyalelo yokufakela .
Yintoni onokuyifunda kwibhlog yethu yeshishini:
umthombo: www.habr.com