Ukuba bendiyinika iBhaso likaNobel kuJean Tirole, bendiya kuyinika uhlalutyo lwakhe lomdlalo wethiyori yesidima, okanye ubuncinci ukubandakanya ekuqulunqweni. Kubonakala kum ukuba le yimeko apho intuition yethu ihambelana kakuhle nemodeli, nangona kunzima ukuvavanya lo mzekelo. Oku kuvela kuthotho lwezo modeli zinzima okanye zingenakwenzeka ukuba ziqinisekise kwaye zibubuxoki. Kodwa umbono ubonakala uqaqambile kum.
Ibhaso likaNobel
Ingqiqo yebhaso kukumka kokugqibela kwingqikelelo emanyeneyo yokulingana ngokubanzi njengohlalutyo lwayo nayiphi na imeko yezoqoqosho.
Ndiyaxolisa kwii-economists kweli gumbi, ndiya kuchaza ngokudumileyo iziseko zethiyori yokulinganisa ngokubanzi kwimizuzu engama-20.
1950
Imbono ekhoyo kukuba inkqubo yezoqoqosho iphantsi kwemithetho engqongqo (njengenyani ebonakalayo - imithetho kaNewton). Yayiluloyiso lwendlela yokudibanisa yonke inzululwazi phantsi kophahla oluthile. Ingaba olu phahla lukhangeleka njani?
Kukho imarike. Kukho inani elithile (n) lamakhaya, abathengi bempahla, abo basebenza kubo imarike (impahla idliwe). Kwaye inani elithile (J) lezifundo zale marike (ukuvelisa iimpahla). Inzuzo yomenzi ngamnye ngandlela-thile yahlulwe phakathi kwabathengi.
Kukho iimveliso 1,2...L. Impahla yorhwebo yinto enokutyiwa. Ukuba ngokwenyama imveliso iyafana, kodwa idliwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okanye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo, ke ezi sele ziyimpahla eyahlukileyo.
Impahla ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwindawo ethile. Ngokukodwa, imveliso ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide. (Akunjalo iimoto, kodwa kunokutya, kwaye nangona kunjalo, kungekhona konke ukutya).
Oku kuthetha ukuba sinendawo ye-RL yezicwangciso zemveliso. Isithuba se-L-dimensional, i-vector nganye etolikwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Sithatha ulungelelwaniso apho amanani angenayo, uwafake "kwibhokisi elimnyama" lemveliso, kwaye ukhuphe amacandelo afanelekileyo kwi-vector efanayo.
Umzekelo, (2,-1,3) ithetha ukuba ukusuka kwiyunithi enye yemveliso yesibini sinokwenza iiyunithi ezi-1 zeyokuqala kunye nezintathu zeyesithathu ngexesha elinye. Ukuba le vektha yeyeseti yamathuba emveliso.
Y1, Y2… YJ ngamalungu asezantsi kwi-RL. Imveliso nganye "yibhokisi elimnyama".
Amaxabiso (p1, p2… pL)… benza ntoni? Bawa ukusuka eluphahleni.
Ungumphathi wenkampani. Ifemu yiseti yezicwangciso zemveliso ezinokuthi ziphunyezwe. Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba ufumene umqondiso onje - (p1, p2... pL)?
Uqoqosho lwamandulo luyalela ukuba uvavanye zonke iivektha ze-pV ezamkelekileyo kuwe kula maxabiso.
Kwaye siye sandise i-pV, apho u-V evela ku-Yj. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiPj(p).
Amaxabiso ehla kuwe, uxelelwe, kwaye kufuneka ukholelwe ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba amaxabiso aya kuba ngolo hlobo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "yisimilo sokuthatha amaxabiso".
Yakuba ifumene umqondiso “kumaxabiso”, umzi-mveliso ngamnye wakhupha i-P1(p), i-P2(p)… PJ(p). Kwenzeka ntoni kubo? Isiqingatha sasekhohlo, abathengi, ngamnye kubo unezixhobo zokuqala u-w1(р), w2…wJ(р) kunye nezabelo zengeniso kwiifemu δ11, δ12…δ1J, eza kuveliswa ekunene.
Kunokubakho i-w ephantsi yokuqala, kodwa kunokubakho izabelo eziphezulu, apho umdlali uya kuqala ngebhajethi enkulu.
Umthengi ukwanezinto azikhethayo א. Zimiselwe kwangaphambili kwaye aziguquguquki. Okukhethwayo kuya kumvumela ukuba aqhathanise nayiphi na i-vectors evela kwi-RL kunye nomnye, ngokwe "quality", ngokwembono yakhe. Ukuziqonda ngokupheleleyo ngokwakho. Awuzange uzame ibhanana (ndazama xa ndandineminyaka eyi-10 ubudala), kodwa unombono wendlela oya kuyithanda ngayo. Ingcinga enamandla kakhulu yolwazi.
Umthengi uvavanya amaxabiso esitokhwe sakhe sokuqala pwi kwaye abele izabelo zenzuzo:
Umthengi ukwakholelwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo amaxabiso abawafumanayo kwaye avavanye umvuzo wabo. Emva koko uqala ukuyichitha kwaye afikelele kumda wezakhono zakhe zemali.
Umthengi ukhulisa ukhetho lwakhe. Umsebenzi oluncedo. Yeyiphi xi uya kumzisela inzuzo kakhulu? IParadigm yokuziphatha okunengqiqo.
Ukwabela amagunya ngokupheleleyo kuyenzeka. Amaxabiso ayehla esibhakabhakeni ngenxa yakho. Ngala maxabiso, zonke iifemu zenza inzuzo enkulu. Bonke abathengi bafumana amatyala abo kwaye benze nantoni na abayifunayo kunye nabo, bachithe nantoni na abayifunayo (ukwandisa umsebenzi osebenzayo) kwiimpahla ezikhoyo, kumaxabiso akhoyo. I-Xi elungiselelweyo iyavela.
Kwakhona kuchazwe ukuba amaxabiso ayalingana, p*, ukuba zonke izigqibo zee-arhente zezoqoqosho zihambelana nomnye. Kuthetha ukuthini ukuvumelana?
Kweneke ntoni? Uluhlu lwempahla yokuqala, inkampani nganye yongeze isicwangciso sayo sokuvelisa:
Yile nto sinayo. Kwaye oku kufanele kulingane noko kucelwe ngabathengi:
Amaxabiso p* abizwa ngokuba yi-equilibrium ukuba oku kulingano kuyenzeka. Kukho iiequations ezininzi njengoko kukho iimpahla.
Kungowe-1880 Yakhuthazwa ngokubanzi kwaye kangangeminyaka engama-79, iingcali zezibalo kunye neengcali zezoqoqosho zazikhangela ubungqina bokuba kukho i-equilibrium vector enjalo. Oku kwehle kwi-topology enzima kakhulu, kwaye ayinakungqinwa de kwangowe-1941, xa yangqinwa. . Ngowe-1951, ithiyori yobukho bokulingana yangqinwa ngokupheleleyo.
Kodwa kancinci kancinci le modeli yangena kwiklasi yembali yengcinga yezoqoqosho.
Kuya kufuneka uhambe yonke indlela ngokwakho kwaye ufunde iimodeli eziphelelwe lixesha. Hlalutya ukuba kutheni bengakhange basebenze. Beziphi kanye kanye izichaso? Emva koko uya kuba namava, uhambo oluhle lwembali.
Imbali yezoqoqosho kufuneka ifunde imodeli engentla ngokweenkcukacha, kuba zonke iimodeli zemarike zanamhlanje zikhula ukusuka apha.
Izichaso
1. Zonke iimveliso zichazwe ngokwemiqathango enzima kakhulu. Ubume bokusetyenziswa kwezi mpahla kunye nempahla ehlala ixesha elide ayithathelwa ngqalelo.
2. Yonke imveliso, inkampani "ibhokisi elimnyama". Ichazwa ngokusulungekileyo. Iseti yee-vectors ithathwa kwaye ibhengezwe njengeyamkelekileyo.
3. “Isandla esingabonakaliyo semarike”, amaxabiso ehla ukusuka kwisilingi.
4. Iifemu ngobudenge zenza inzuzo enkulu P.
5. Inkqubo yokufikelela kulungelelwaniso. (Nayiphi na i-physicist iqala ukuhleka apha: indlela "yokuyiphutha" ngayo?). Indlela yokubonisa ubungqina bayo obubodwa kunye nokuzinza (ubuncinci).
6. Ukunganyaniseki komzekelo.
Ubuxoki. Ndinemodeli kwaye ngokutsho kwayo ndithi iimeko ezinjalo azinakwenzeka ebomini. Aba bantu banako, kodwa aba bantu abanakuze benze, kuba imodeli yam iqinisekisa ukuba akunakubakho lungelelwaniso kuloo klasi. Ukuba ubonisa i-counterexample, ndiya kuthi - lo ngumda wokusetyenziswa, imodeli yam isiqhwala kule ndawo ngenxa yesizathu esinye okanye esinye. Oku akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngethiyori yokulingana ngokubanzi kwaye nantsi isizathu.
Kuba ... Yintoni emisela ukuziphatha kwenkqubo yezoqoqosho ngaphandle kokulingana? Kweminye "r"? Kuyenzeka ukwakha imfuno egqithisileyo phezu konikezelo.
Sehlisa amaxabiso ukusuka kwisilingi kwaye sazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi iimpahla eziya kunqongophala kwaye zeziphi eziya kuba zininzi. Sinokuthi ngokuqinisekileyo sichaze malunga nale vector (i-1970 theorem) ukuba ukuba iipropati ezincinci zidibene, ngoko kuhlala kunokwenzeka ukwakha inkqubo yezoqoqosho (bonisa idatha yokuqala) apho lo msebenzi uthile uya kuba ngumsebenzi wemfuno engaphezulu. Kuwo nawaphi na amaxabiso achaziweyo, kanye eli xabiso le-vector engaphezulu liya kuphuma. Kuyenzeka ukulinganisa ngokupheleleyo nakuphi na ukuziphatha okubonakalayo okufanelekileyo usebenzisa imodeli yolungelelwaniso jikelele. Ke ngoko, le modeli ayinakuthenjwa. Iyakwazi ukuxela kwangaphambili nayiphi na indlela yokuziphatha, oku kunciphisa intsingiselo yayo ebonakalayo.
Kwiindawo ezimbini imodeli yokulinganisa ngokubanzi iyaqhubeka isebenza ngendlela ecacileyo. Kukho iimodeli zokulingana ngokubanzi ezinokuthi zithathelwe ingqalelo kwi-macroeconomics yamazwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuhlanganiswa. Kusenokuba kubi, kodwa bacinga njalo.
Okwesibini, kukho inkcazo encinci entle kakhulu apho inxalenye yemveliso iguquka, kodwa inxalenye yabathengi ihlala ifana. Le yimizekelo yokhuphiswano lwemonopolistic. Endaweni yokuba "ibhokisi elimnyama," ifomyula ibonakala malunga nendlela imveliso esebenza ngayo, kwaye endaweni "yesandla esingabonakaliyo semarike," kubonakala ngathi ifemu nganye inohlobo oluthile lwamandla azimeleyo. Inxalenye ephambili yemarike yehlabathi i-monopolistic.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kwenziwa amabango angqongqo ngokuphathelele ezoqoqosho: “Imodeli kufuneka iqikelele into eza kwenzeka ngomso” kwaye “Makwenziwe ntoni xa imeko imbi.” Le mibuzo ayinantsingiselo kwaphela ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sethiyori yokulingana ngokubanzi. Kukho ithiyori (ithiyori yokuqala yentlalontle): "Ukulingana ngokubanzi kuhlala kusebenzayo kwePareto." Kuthetha ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuphucula imeko kule nkqubo kumntu wonke ngaxeshanye. Ukuba uphucula umntu, kwenziwa ngeendleko zomnye umntu.
Le theorem ihluke kakhulu kwinto esiyibonayo esijikelezileyo, kuquka nenqaku lesixhenxe:
7. "Iimpahla zonke zibucala kwaye azikho izinto zangaphandle".
Enyanisweni, inani elikhulu leemveliso "zibotshelelwe" omnye komnye. Mininzi imizekelo xa imisebenzi yezoqoqosho inefuthe omnye komnye (ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma emlanjeni, njl. njl.) Ungenelelo ngoncedo lunokuzisa uphuculo kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwintsebenziswano.
Incwadi ephambili kaTyrol: "Ithiyori yoMbutho wezoShishino"
Asinakulindela ukuba iimarike ziya kusebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zivelise isiphumo esisebenzayo, sibona oku ngeenxa zonke kuthi.
Umbuzo ngulo: Indlela yokungenelela ukulungisa imeko? Kutheni ungayenzi ibe mbi nangakumbi?
Kwenzeka ukuba, ngokwethiyori, kuyimfuneko ukungenelela, kodwa ngokusebenza:
8. Akukho ngcaciso yaneleyo efunekayo ukuze ungenelele ngokuchanekileyo.
Kwimodeli yokulinganisa ngokubanzi - epheleleyo.
Ndandisele nditshilo ukuba oku kumalunga nezinto ezikhethwa ngabantu. Xa ungenelela, kufuneka wazi izinto abazikhethayo aba bantu. Khawucinge ukuba ungenelela kwimeko ethile, uya kuqala "ukuyiphucula". Kufuneka wazi ulwazi malunga nokuba ngubani oza "kuhlupheka" koku kwaye njani. Kuyaqondakala ukuba iiarhente zezoqoqosho eziya kubandezeleka kancinci ziya kuthi ziya kubandezeleka kakhulu. Kwaye abo baphumelele kancinane baya kuphumelela kakhulu. Ukuba asinalo ithuba lokujonga oku, ngena entloko yomntu kwaye ufumanise ukuba yintoni umsebenzi wakhe woncedo.
Akukho ndlela yamaxabiso "kwisandla esingabonakaliyo semarike", kwaye
9. Ukhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo.
Indlela yanamhlanje apho amaxabiso avela khona, awona athandwa kakhulu, kukuba amaxabiso abhengezwa ngumntu oququzelela imarike. Ipesenti enkulu ngokwaneleyo yeentengiselwano zangoku ziintengiselwano ezihamba ngeefandesi. Enye indlela enhle kakhulu kule modeli, malunga nokungathembeki kwisandla esingabonakaliyo semarike, yithiyori yeefandesi. Kwaye inqaku eliphambili kuyo lulwazi. Loluphi ulwazi analo umthengisi? Ngoku ndifunda, ndingumchasi osemthethweni kwenye yee-dissertations, ezenziwa eYandex. IYandex yenza iifandesi zentengiso. “Bakunyathela”. I-Yandex isebenza ngendlela engcono yokuthengisa ngayo. Ithisisi iqaqambe ngokupheleleyo, esinye sezigqibo besingalindelekanga kwaphela: "Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kukho umdlali obheja kakhulu." Hayi ngokomyinge (kukho i-30% yabakhangisi abanesimo esinamandla kakhulu kunye nezicelo), ngoko olu lwazi alukho nto xa luthelekiswa nelokuba uyazi ukuba umntu uye wangena emarikeni kwaye ngoku uzama ukufaka le ntengiso. Olu lwazi olongezelelweyo lukuvumela ukuba utshintshe kakhulu umqobo wokuthatha inxaxheba, ukwandisa kakhulu ingeniso evela ekuthengisweni kwendawo yentengiso, into emangalisayo. Andizange ndicinge ngako konke konke, kodwa xa ndachazelwa indlela kunye nezibalo zaboniswa, kwafuneka ndivume ukuba kunjalo. Yandex iphunyezwe kwaye ngokwenene yabona ukwanda kweengeniso.
Ukuba uyangenelela kwimarike, kufuneka uqonde ukuba zeziphi izinto ezikhethwa ngumntu wonke. Akusabonakali ukuba kuyafuneka ukungenelela.
Kukwakho nokuqonda okungaphaya okunokuthi kubonakale kuphosakele ngokupheleleyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqonda okungaphezulu kwe-monopoly kukuba kungcono ukulawula i-monopoly, umzekelo, ukuyiqhekeza kwiifemu ezimbini, ezintathu okanye ezine, i-oligopoly iya kuvela kwaye intlalontle yoluntu iya kwanda. Olu lulwazi oluqhelekileyo oluvela kwiincwadi zezifundo. Kodwa kuxhomekeke kwiimeko. Ukuba ungumnikazi wempahla ehlala ixesha elide, ke le modeli yokuziphatha kurhulumente inokuba yingozi ngokupheleleyo. No. 0 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kukho umzekelo ngokwenene.
Saqala ukukhulula iirekhodi zeRock Encyclopedia. Sasinezinye iikopi ezazisasazwa esikolweni ezazisithi zincinane yaye zazithengiswa ngeeruble ezingama-40. Iinyanga ezi-2 zidlulile kwaye zonke iishelufu zifakwe ezi rekhodi kwaye zibiza ii-ruble ezi-3. Aba bantu bazama ukufihla uluntu ukuba le yinto ekhethekileyo epheleleyo. I-monopolist, ukuba ivelisa izinto ezomeleleyo, iqala ukukhuphisana nayo "ngomso." Ukuba uzama ukuthengisa ngexabiso eliphezulu namhlanje, ngomso le nto ingaphinda ithengiswe/ithengwe kwakhona. Unengxaki yokuqinisekisa abathengi banamhlanje ukuba bangalindeli kude kube ngomso. Amaxabiso aphantsi kunesiqhelo. Ibiyi .
Kukho “i-Coase hypothesis,” ethi imonopolist ehleli ixesha elide ephinda ihlaziye umgaqo-nkqubo wayo wamaxabiso isoloko iphulukana namandla olawulo yedwa. Emva koko, oku kwangqinwa ngokungqongqo ngokusekelwe kwithiyori yomdlalo.
Masithi awuzazi ezi ziphumo kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokwahlula i-monopoly enjalo. Kwavela i-oligopoly enempahla ehlala ixesha elide. Kufuneka imodeli eguquguqukayo. Ngenxa yoko, bagcina ixabiso le-monopoly! Kungenye indlela. Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwemarike lubaluleke kakhulu.
10. Imfuno
Kukho izigidi zabathengi elizweni; Endaweni yenani elikhulu labathengi abancinci, umthengi odibeneyo uya kuvela. Oku kuphakamisa iingxaki ezininzi zethiyori kunye nentsingiselo ebonakalayo.
Udibaniso luyangqubana nezinto ezikhethwayo kunye nemisebenzi eluncedo. (Borman, 1953). Unokuzidibanisa ezifanayo ngokukhetha okulula kakhulu. Imodeli iya kuba neelahleko.
Kwimodeli edibeneyo, imfuno yibhokisi elimnyama.
Kwakukho inqwelomoya. Wayenenqwelomoya enye ngosuku eya eYekaterinburg. Kwaye ke yaba mbini. Kwaye omnye wabo uhamba ngo-6 ekuseni esuka eMoscow. Yantoni?
Uqhekeza imarike, kwaye "abantu abazizityebi" abafuni ukubhabha kwangaphambili, ubeka ixabiso eliphezulu.
Kukwakho nenkcaso enengqiqo. Ukuba abantu baziphathe ngokungekho ngqiqweni. Kodwa kumanani amaninzi imbono enengqiqo ngokuthe ngcembe ivela.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ezoqoqosho, qala ufunde imodeli eqhelekileyo. Emva koko "qalisa ukuthandabuza" kwaye uhlolisise inkcaso nganye. Kuwo ngamnye kubo isayensi iphela iqala! Ukuba ufunda zonke ezi "zahluko", uya kuba yingcali yezoqoqosho.
U-Tirol wabonakala ekuchazeni "iinkcaso" ezininzi. Kodwa ke ayisosizathu sokuba ndimnike iBhaso likaNobel.
Indlela yokwenza igama
Ndicebisa ukuba ucinge ngala mabali. kwaye xa ndikuxelela ngodumo lwam, siya kuxubusha.
Ngo-2005, kwenziwa utshintsho olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili eGeorgia. AMAPOLISA WONKE kweli lizwe agxothwa. Eli libali lokuqala.
Ibali lesibini. Emva kokusasazwa kweendibano eMoscow ngo-11-12, onke amapolisa afumana iinombolo zemikhono kunye nemigca enamagama awo.
Ezi ziindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kwingxaki enye. Ilizwe okanye iqela labantu lingamelana njani negama elibi kakhulu loluntu oluthile ngaphakathi?
"Cima wonke umntu kwaye uqeshe abatsha" okanye "ukwenza ubundlobongela njengomntu."
Ndiyaqinisekisa kwaye ndiza kubhekisa kuTyrol ukuba sithathe indlela ekrelekrele ngakumbi.
Ndikunika imodeli ezintathu zodumo. Emibini yayisaziwa ngaphambi kukaTyrol, waza wayila eyesithathu.
Yintoni udumo? Kukho ugqirha wamazinyo oya kuye kwaye uncome lo gqirha kwabanye abantu. Olu ludumo lwakhe lobuqu, wazenzela lona. Siza kuqwalasela udumo lwabantu bonke.
Kukho uluntu-amajoni, oosomashishini, ubuzwe, uhlanga (iNtshona ayithandi ukuxoxa ngamanye amagama).
Model 1
Kukho iqela. Ngaphakathi apho umthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye ebhalwe "ebunzini lakhe". Ukuphuma apho, wayesele emazi umntu. Kodwa awukwazi ukugqiba ngomntu kweli qela ukuba unguye okanye akunjalo. Umzekelo, xa i-USA yamkela abafundi abavela kwi-NES kwiinkqubo zePhD.
Ngokubanzi, iMelika idelela lonke ihlabathi. Ukuba akukho mijukujelwa, uyadela, ukuba kukho imijukujelwa, uyadela, uyankwantya. Uphatha ihlabathi ngolu hlobo kwaye ngexesha elifanayo uphonsa intonga yokuloba njengomlobi ... O, intlanzi enhle! Uya kuba yintlanzi yaseMelika. Eli lizwe alakhelwanga kwimigaqo ye-fascist yokuqala, kodwa kwizinto ezidaliweyo. Siza kuqokelela konke okulungileyo kwaye yiyo loo nto sigqwesileyo.
Umntu ovela "kwihlabathi lesithathu" uza eMelika kwaye emva koko kwavela ukuba uphumelele kwi-NES. Kwaye ke into ekhanyayo emehlweni abaqeshi. Ibanga leemviwo alibalulekanga kangako kunento yokuba livela kwi-NES.
Lo ngumzekelo ongaphezulu kakhulu.
Model 2
Ayichanekanga kwaphela kwezopolitiko.
Udumo njengomgibe weziko.
Nanku umntu omnyama ezokusebenzela. (EMerika) Ungumqeshi, mjonge: “Ewe, ungumNigro, ngokomgaqo andinanto ngokuchasene namaNegro, andingomkhethe. Kodwa bona, xa bebonke, baziziyatha nje. Yiyo loo nto ndingayi kuyithatha." Kwaye uba ubuhlanga "ngezenzo", kungekhona ngeengcamango.
“Andazi ukuba ukrelekrele na, mfo, kodwa ngokomyinge, abantu abafana nawe baziziyatha. Ngoko ke, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ndiya kwala.
Yintoni umgibe weziko? Kwiminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo lo mfana waya esikolweni. Yaye uyacinga: “Ngaba ndiya kufunda njengommelwane wam omhlophe edesikeni yam? Ukwenzela ntoni? Baza kukuqesha kuphela kwimisebenzi enezakhono eziphantsi kunjalo. Nangona ndisebenza nzima kwaye ndifumana idiploma, andiyi kukwazi ukubonisa nantoni na nakubani na. Ndiyayazi indlela esebenza ngayo yonke into - bazakubona ubuso bam obumnyama kwaye bacinge ukuba ndiyafana nabo bonke abantu kwiqela lam. " Kuvela ukuba ibhalansi embi kangaka. Abantsundu abafundi kuba bengaqeshwa, kwaye ababaqeshi kuba bengafundi. Indibaniselwano ezinzileyo yezicwangciso zabo bonke abadlali.
Model 3
Kukho unxibelelwano oluthile. Okwenzeka phakathi komntu okhethwe ngokungenamkhethe kolu luntu (abantu) kunye (namapolisa). Okanye oosomashishini bamasiko.
Ndinomhlobo ongusomashishini osoloko enxibelelana namasiko, kwaye uyaqinisekisa le modeli.
Unesidingo / umnqweno womntu (ukusuka ebantwini / usomashishini) ukuba uqhagamshelane (amapolisa / amasiko) kwaye umnike uhlobo oluthile "lomsebenzi". Qonda imeko kwaye uthuthe iimpahla. Yaye ngaloo ndlela ubonakalisa isenzo sokuthenjwa. Kwaye umntu okhoyo wenza isigqibo. Akanayo isitampu ebunzini lakhe (imodeli 1), okanye isigqibo sokutyala imali kuye (imodeli 2), okanye nantoni na emisela kwangaphambili ukuba uya kusebenza njani namhlanje. Kukho kuphela ukuthanda kwakhe okulungileyo kwangoku.
Makhe sihlalutye ukuba olu khetho luxhomekeke kwaye apho umgibe uvela khona?
Indoda ijonga igosa. UTyrol wacebisa into enye kuphela, into eyayithandabuzeka ngentsingiselo yayo. Kodwa uchaza yonke into. Ucebise ukuba iyaziwa ngokungathembekiyo malunga neli gosa into elayenzayo ngaphambili. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho ibali malunga nomntu wonke. Enyanisweni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba eli polisa liye laziwa ukuba lalidla ngokuqweqwedisa imali ngokwenza umsebenzi walo. Sive amabali malunga neli gosa lempahla ephumayo malunga nendlela elilibazisa ngayo imithwalo. Kodwa mhlawumbi awuvanga.
Kukho iparameter ye theta ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-1, ukuba ikufutshane no-zero, ngoko ubaleka nayo yonke into. Xa sithetha nje, ukuba ipolisa alinazo iipleyiti zelayisensi, linokubetha nabani na, akukho mntu uyazi ngalo nto kwaye akukho nto iya kwenzeka kuye. Kwaye ukuba kukho ipleyiti yelayisensi, ke theta isondele kwenye. Uya kuba neendleko ezinkulu.
EGeorgia, bagqiba kwelokuba bakugawule ngokupheleleyo ukuswela ukholo ngezembe. Baqesha amapolisa amatsha kwaye bacinga ukuba igama elidala liya kufa. U-Tirol uxoxa ukuba yeyiphi i-equilibria ekhoyo apha...
I-equilibria isebenza njani? Ukuba igosa liye laya kuye, oko kuthetha ukuba baligqala linyanisekile. Umntu unokunyaniseka ngokwenene, okanye enze izinto ezimbi. Oku kuya kumisela ngokuyinxenye “imbali yetyala” lam. Ngomso abasayi kuqhagamshelana nam xa befumanisa ukuba ndiziphatha ngokunganyanisekanga. Ukholo oluqhelekileyo kumagosa angachazwanga luphantsi kakhulu. Ngosuku olulandelayo kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba baya kuqhagamshelana nawe. Ukuba sele ufake isicelo, ke oku kunqabile kwaye kufuneka wenze uninzi lwayo kwaye uyiphange. Sonke singamasela namaqola apha kwaye akukho mntu uza kusijikela. Siya kuqhubeka singamasela namasela.
Olunye uhlobo lolungelelwaniso oluguquguqukayo kukuba abantu bakholelwa ukuba amagosa aziphatha kakuhle kwaye aphathwa kakuhle. Ke ngoko, ngomso, ukuba igama lakho licocekile, uya kuba neentengiso ezininzi. Kwaye ukuba uyazonakalisa, ngoko inani lezicelo kuwe liyancipha. Kwaye lo ngumba obalulekileyo. Ukuba unokholo olunjalo, ulahlekelwa kakhulu kwihambo embi.
I-Tirol ibonisa ukuba kwi-dynamics, yintoni ukulingana okuvela kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-theta, kwaye kungekhona kwiimeko zokuqala.
Ngokuzisa i-theta, ukhulisa uxanduva lomntu. Ukuba wenza kakuhle, kuya kubhalwa kuye, abantu baya kuphendukela kuye, nokuba abajiki kwabanye.
umthombo: www.habr.com