I-helium yegesi ekhanyayo ayinayo idiphozithi yayo kwaye ayihlali kwi-atmosfera yomhlaba. Iveliswa mhlawumbi njengemveliso yerhasi yendalo okanye itsalwe ekutsalweni kwezinye izimbiwa. Kuze kube kutshanje, i-helium yaveliswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezintathu ezinkulu: enye eQatar kunye neyesibini e-USA (eWyoming naseTexas). Le mithombo mithathu ibonelele malunga ne-75% yemveliso ye-helium yehlabathi. Ngapha koko, i-US ibingoyena mboneleli mkhulu wehlabathi we-helium amashumi eminyaka, kodwa loo nto itshintshile. Oovimba beHelium eUnited States banciphe kakhulu.
Kwifandesi yokugqibela eququzelelwe ngabasemagunyeni base-US ngoSeptemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo, apho ii-quotas ze-helium zathengiswa ngo-2019, ixabiso lale gesi linyuke nge-135% ngonyaka. Kukho ithuba lokuba eli yayilixesha lokugqibela i-helium ithengiswe kwiinkampani zabucala. Kwi-2013, umthetho waphunyezwa ukuba i-United States ihoxise kwimarike ye-helium yamazwe ngamazwe. Indawo yemigodi ye-helium eTexas yekarhulumente kwaye iphelile. Okwangoku, i-helium isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace, ukuveliswa kwe-semiconductor, uphando lwezenzululwazi, iyeza (lokupholisa izikena ze-MRI) kunye nokuzonwabisa. Ngokwenyani, iibhaluni ze-helium zisekho kwaye zihlala ziyimveliso ephambili esebenzisa i-helium eUnited States.
Ukunciphisa ukunqongophala kwe-helium, izazinzulu zicebisa ukwazisa itekhnoloji yokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokucocwa kwegesi kunye nokubuyela kwintengiso. Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku azikho izisombululo ezamkelekileyo kule nto. Kukho neziphakamiso zokusasazwa okuqinileyo kwe-helium, ngaphandle kokuba izixhobo ezininzi zesayensi aziyi kusebenza. Kodwa awuyi kungena kwimarike ngale nto. Umthengisi omkhulu wezixhobo zeqela e-United States, i-Party City, sele ilahlekelwe yi-30% yexabiso layo lesitokhwe kunyaka odlulileyo kwaye ayiyi kunyamezela. Kuye, iibhaluni ze-helium zingowona mthombo wengeniso.
Ngokulibaziseka okuthile, ukunqongophala kwe-helium kunokupheliswa ngenxa yeenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe eziceba ukuqalisa imveliso ye-helium ngaphambi kokuphela kweminyaka elishumi ezayo. Ke, ngokulibaziseka kweminyaka embalwa, iQatar iya kuvula indawo entsha ngo-2020 (izohlwayo zomanyano lwama-Arabhu ngokuchasene neli lizwe ebusika be-2018 zinempembelelo). Ngo-2021, iRashiya iya kuthatha inxalenye yemarike ye-helium ngokusungula enye indawo enkulu yokuvelisa i-helium. EUnited States, iDesert Mountain Energy kunye ne-American Helium iya kuqalisa ukusebenza kule marike. Ukuveliswa kweHelium kuya kwenziwa ziinkampani zase-Australia, eCanada naseTanzania. Imakethi ye-helium ayisayi kuphinda ibe yi-monopoly yase-US, kodwa ezinye iintsilelo mhlawumbi azinakuthintelwa.
umthombo: 3dnews.ru