U-Elon Musk ngomnye wabantu abadumileyo benkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Injineli, usomashishini kunye nosozigidi oneembono nje ezingenakucingelwa. I-PayPal, iTesla, i-SpaceX yiyo yonke indalo yakhe, kwaye usomashishini akazukuyeka kwiiprojekthi ezimbalwa eziye zaphumelela kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukhuthaza izigidi zabantu ngomzekelo wakhe yaye ungqina ukuba kwanomntu omnye unako ukulitshintsha libe ngcono ihlabathi.
U-Elon Musk uthetha kakhulu kwiinkomfa kunye neesemina, unika udliwano-ndlebe kwaye uqhuba amanethiwekhi oluntu. Kwaye uninzi lwabalandeli bakhe baqaphela ukuba isiNgesi sakhe sahlukile kwi-American yakudala.
Kweli nqaku siza kuhlalutya ngokubanzi isiNgesi sika-Elon Musk, isivakalisi sakhe kunye neendlela ezikhethekileyo zokubiza amagama. Siza kuhlalutya nendlela intetho yesiNgesi kasomashishini etshintshe ngayo kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo. Ngoko, masihambe.
Intetho kaElon Musk: eMzantsi Afrika okanye eMelika?
U-Elon Musk wachitha ubuntwana bakhe ePitoli, ikomkhulu leRiphabhliki yoMzantsi Afrika. IsiNgesi lulwimi olusemthethweni eMzantsi Afrika, ngoko sifundiswa esikolweni kwaye sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Impembelelo yolwimi lwesiBhulu ekuphuhliseni isiNgesi eMzantsi Afrika ayibalulekanga kangako, kodwa ngokwendlela yokubizwa nokuchazwa kwamagama isavakala.
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe weshishini, u-Elon Musk wayenegama eliqhelekileyo lomlindi. Oku kunokuvakala ngokukodwa ngokucacileyo kwiividiyo zokuqala kunye naye.
Malunga ne-1999, uMusk wafumana ukuthandwa kunye nobutyebi. Inkqubo yokuhlawula i-PayPal, engumseki wayo, ifumene ukuhanjiswa kwehlabathi jikelele kunyaka nje wophuhliso.
Ividiyo ibonisa ngokucacileyo u-Elon Musk ethetha. Kwaye i-accent yakhe yasezantsi ibonakala ngokucacileyo, eyaye yalungiswa kancinci ngokuhlala eCanada (ngo-1999 usomashishini wayesahlala eCanada).
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba i-accent kaMusk ayikho yaseMzantsi ngokupheleleyo. Kukho amaMelika amaninzi kuyo.
Ngokomzekelo, uphawu oluphawuleka kakhulu lwentetho yaseMzantsi Afrika kukubizwa kwe-diphthong "ai" kumagama afana nobomi, ukukhanya, ukulwa. Kuguqulelo lwaseMelika, onke abizwa nge [aɪ]: [laɪf], [laɪt], [faɪt].
Ungamamela isandi samagama ngesandi esiqhelekileyo saseMelika .
KwisiNgesi saseMazantsi, [aɪ] ihlala iba [ɔɪ], njengakwinto ecaphukisayo okanye yokudlala.
Kodwa kwintetho ka-Elon Musk, amagama alula kunye nobomi avakala aqhelekileyo kwindlebe yaseMelika. Ungayiva kwividiyo engentla.
UMusk usebenzisa i-American [r] eqhelekileyo, apho incam yolwimi ingashukumi kwaye ingangcangcazeli. Kwintetho yolwimi lwaseMzantsi Afrika, badla ngokusebenzisa u- [r] oqinileyo, ovakala usondele kwisiRashiya. Imalunga neempawu zokubizwa kwesi sandi ngesiBhulu - apho kungqongqo kunesiNgesi.
Ukubizwa kukaMusk eMelika kwesandi [r] kulula kakhulu ukucacisa. I-Hard [r] ithethwa ikakhulu ngabemi baseMzantsi Afrika, abalwimi lwabo lokuqala sisiBhulu kunye nesiNgesi njengolwimi lwabo lwesibini. UElon unento eyahlukileyo: IsiNgesi lulwimi lwakhe lweenkobe, kwaye isiBhulu lulwimi lwakhe lwesibini.
Ukongeza, impembelelo yokuhlala eCanada nase-United States itshintshe ulwimi lukaMusk kancinci.
Ngoku siza kuhlalutya ezo mpawu zentetho yaseMzantsi Afrika eziye zagcinwa kwintetho kaMusk kude kube namhlanje.
Ukunqongophala kokunqumama kumagama kunye nokuginya izandi
Olunye uphawu oluqaphelekayo lwesiNgesi saseMzantsi Afrika lizinga eliphezulu lokuthetha kunye nokungabikho phantse ngokupheleleyo konqumamo phakathi kwamagama.
Ukuba ngesiNgesi saseBhritane unqumamo lucacile, e-Amerika lunokuthi lungabikho ekubizweni kwamanqaku okanye ii-interjections, ngoko ke eMzantsi Afrika isivakalisi esipheleleyo sinokuvakaliswa ngomoya omnye, ngaphandle kokunqumamisa konke.
U-Elon Musk unolwimi oluthethwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ufane anqumame phakathi kwamagama. Ngenxa yoku, akakwazi nje ukubiza izandi ezininzi. Masiqale ngomzekelo.
Kwigama elithi yiba, usomashishini uhlala ekhupha isandi [h], ke endaweni yokuba [hæv] kuvele ['æv]. Ngaphezu koko, izibizo ezibalulekileyo eziqala ngonobumba u-h zihlala zinesandi.
UMusk uhlala eginya izikhamiso kumanqaku kunye nezimelabizo. I, leyo, yabo kunye nezinye ezifanayo. Kwintetho ekhawulezayo, uwisa isikhamiso aze abize igama kunye nelandelayo.
Ndasebenza kwivenkile yokupeyinta... - Ndasebenza kwivenkile yokupeyinta.
00:00:39UMusk uvakalisa ibinzana elithi "Ndasebenza kwivenkile yepeyinti" kwintshukumo enye. Kuvele oku kulandelayo: [aɪ wɜrkɪn' z'peɪnʃɑp].
Unokuva ngokucacileyo ukuba kwibinzana elithi "usebenze ngaphakathi," uMusk usishiyile isiphelo "-ed," yiyo loo nto "ukusebenza ngaphakathi" kuvakala ngathi "ukusebenza." Kwangaxeshanye, inqaku elithi "the" lincitshiswe phantse ngokupheleleyo - kuphela isandi [z] sisala kuyo, esivakala njengesimaphambili segama elilandelayo. Ngu [z], hayi [ð] okanye [θ]. Kwakhona, ekudityanisweni kwamagama athi “ivenkile yokupeyinta” isandi [t] sayekwa.
Izifinyezo ezifanayo zixhaphakile kwisiNgesi saseMelika, kodwa kwisikali esincinci.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba oku kunokuvakala kuphela kudliwano-ndlebe lukaMusk, apho athetha khona ngokomzwelo. Kwiqonga lemidlalo yeqonga akukho zodibaniso lwezandi ezinjalo.
Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwesandi [z]
Kwisivakalisi saseMzantsi Afrika, isandi [z] (njengakwizip okanye zebra) sisoloko sisetyenziswa endaweni ka [s].
UElon Musk naye uyakwenza oku. Kwaye kungekhona kuphela kwintetho eqhelekileyo, kodwa nakwigama lenkampani yakhe - uTesla.
NgesiNgesi saseMelika, uTesla uya kubizwa ngokuba [ˈtɛslə]. AmaBritane ahlala ebiza isandi [s] kweli gama njengesandi esiphindwe kabini - oku kwamkelekile.
UMusk ubiza igama lenkampani njengo [ˈtɛzlə], kunye ne [z]. Le nyaniso isabothusa bobabini abantu baseBritane nabaseMelika, ke uLesley Stahl, intatheli edumileyo yejelo likamabonwakude laseMelika iCBS, wabuza uMusk umbuzo othe ngqo malunga nokuba ulibiza njani igama elithi Tesla. Kwaye waqinisekisa ukuba kudlula z.
Olu tshintsho luka [s] ngo [z] yenye yeempawu zolwimi lwasemazantsi. Kwaye u-Elon Musk akakayilahli.
Ukuthelekisa isiNgesi sika-Elon Musk kwi-1999 kunye ne-2020
Ukuba uthelekisa ukurekhodwa okukhoyo kwentetho ka-Elon Musk ukusuka kwi-1999 kunye ne-2020, kuyacaca ukuba isiNgesi sakhe siye saba siMerika ngakumbi. Ukuba ngo-1999 intetho yakhe yayixhomekeke kwi-60% yaseMzantsi Afrika kunye ne-40% yaseMelika, ngoku i-75% yaseMelika kwaye i-25% yaseMzantsi Afrika kuphela.
Utshintsho kwisiNgesi sikaElon alunakubizwa ngokuba lukhulu kakhulu, kodwa lusekho.
Ngo-1999, u-Elon wathetha ezininzi izikhamiso ngeempumlo zakhe. Olu hlobo lokubizelwa ngeempumlo luxhaphake kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika. Ngo-2020, akukho mkhondo wale nto iseleyo. I-intonations kudliwano-ndlebe lwangoku ngamaMerika ngokupheleleyo. Kukho urhano lokuba emva kokuba impumelelo yehlabathi ifike kuye, uMusk wafunda ngokukhethekileyo intetho yeqonga ukuze athethe ngokufanelekileyo kwiinkomfa nakwiisemina.
Kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nodliwano-ndlebe olungacwangciswanga, unamazwi e-accent yasezantsi, kodwa xa ethetha phambi kwabaphulaphuli, akanalo.
Kwakhona, u-Elon akasekho "izihlandlo" kumagama anjengokuthi "ininzi", "indleko", "ifumene". Ngo-1999, wathetha onke la mazwi esebenzisa [ɔ:]. Oku kunokuvakala ngokucacileyo kwirekhodi elivela kwi-1999 ekuqaleni kwenqaku. Mo-ost, ko-ost, go-ot - oku kumalunga nendlela avakala ngayo la magama. Ngoku bangamaMelika ngokupheleleyo, ngokusebenzisa [ɒ]: [mɒst], [kɒst], [gɒt].
Ngokubhekiselele kwisigama, akukho tshintsho. U-Elon Musk akazange asebenzise intetho ye-slang esuka kwisiNgesi saseMzantsi Afrika nokuba ngo-1999 okanye ngo-2020. Usebenzisa ngokusebenzayo i-neologisms kunye ne-science slang, kodwa le yinxalenye yomsebenzi wakhe.
Ngokubanzi, unokubona ukuba ingakanani i-accent ka-Elon Musk etshintshileyo kwiminyaka eyi-20. Kwaye kuyaqondakala, kuba kule minyaka ingama-20 uhlala kwaye esebenza e-USA. Nokuba usomashishini akazange asebenzele ukwenza intetho yakhe ibe seMelika (kwaye sisacinga ukuba uyenzile), isiNgesi sakhe namhlanje sithe chatha kakhulu eMelika kunoMzantsi Afrika.
Ukusebenzisa umzekelo wabantu abaninzi abadumileyo, siyabona ukuba ukuze udale i-accent efunwayo, kubalulekile ukuba uzicwilise kwi-ecosystem epheleleyo yolwimi lwesiNgesi. Yile nto kanye esiyiphumezileyo kwi-EnglishDom. Oku kunika iziphumo ezigqwesileyo - emva kweenyanga ezi-3 kuphela zeeklasi, abafundi abavela eLondon likomkhulu leGreat Britain baqhubela phambili ukulungisa indlela yokubiza amagama ngendlela yakudala yaseBritane okanye yaseMelika. Zonke iimveliso ze-ecosystem yethu zingezantsi nje.
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