Indlela "yokufunda ukufunda" - iingcebiso, amaqhinga kunye nophando lwesayensi

Icandelo 1. Iingcebiso "ezicacileyo".

Uninzi lwezindululo zabo bafuna ukufunda ngcono zijongeka ngcono kune-banal: ukongeza ukuya kwiintetho kunye nokwenza umsebenzi wesikolo owenzelwa ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuba utye ngokufanelekileyo, uphile ngendlela enempilo, ulale ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ubeke iliso kwindlela yakho yemihla ngemihla.

Yonke le nto ilungile ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ezi nyaniso zinokumnceda njani umfundi? Indlela yokulungelelanisa inkqubo yakho yemihla ngemihla ukuze wenze okungakumbi kwaye ukhumbule izinto ezingcono? Ngaba kukho unxibelelwano lokwenyani phakathi konxano kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo? Ngaba kuyinyani ukuba uncedo lwezemidlalo kwizifundo (kwaye asithethi nje ngamanqaku ongezelelweyo kwi-Uniified State Exam) yebheji yeGTO)?

Makhe sizame ukubala yonke into apha ngezantsi.

Ixesha: indlela yokulawula ixesha ngobulumko

Ngethuba lemini

Kwincwadi yakhe entsha Nini: Iimfihlo zeNzululwazi zexesha eligqibeleleyo umbhali uDaniel Pink (UDaniel Pink) ibonelela ngeengcebiso ezininzi malunga nolawulo lwexesha ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ibhayoloji, ingqondo kunye nezoqoqosho. Phakathi kwazo kukho iingcebiso ezininzi ezichanekileyo ezinokukunceda kwizifundo zakho. Ngokukodwa, i-Pink icebisa ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo xa ucwangcisa umthwalo izingqisho ze-circadian.

Izingqisho zeCircadian azichaphazeli nje ukulala kwethu, kodwa kunye nomoya wethu kunye nokugxila, okutshintsha ngokujikeleza imini yonke. Ngokomyinge, iiyure ezisixhenxe emva kokuvuka, ukugxininiswa kunye nesimo sengqondo sifikelela kwinqanaba eliphantsi, emva koko baqala ukunyuka kwakhona (yingakho abaqeqeshi bobomi abaninzi bacebisa ukuba bangayifaki imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwaye baqale kwiiyure zokuqala emva kokuvuka). Kungesingqisho sethu se-circadian, ngakumbi, qhina into yokuba amathuba okuba kwenzeke iimpazamo emsebenzini (umzekelo, kumaziko ezonyango) ayanda phakathi kwe-14:16 kunye ne-XNUMX:XNUMX.

Ewe, abafundi akufuneki bavuke kusasa yonke imihla, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kodwa ukuqonda kwakho ikhronotype kunye nezingqisho ze-circadian zingasetyenziselwa ukuzuza ukufunda. Umzekelo, cwangcisa eyona misebenzi intsonkothileyo (efana nokulungiselela iimviwo okanye isemina) kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kokuvuka - ukuqonda ukuba kwiiyure ezilandelayo ugxininiso luya kuncipha ngokuqinisekileyo (siya kuthetha malunga nokuba senze ntoni ngale nto." ixesha “elingenamveliso” lingezantsi) .

Ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukunqongophala kwexesha kubaluleke kakhulu ngobusuku bangaphambi kweemviwo. Ngendlela, "ukutyhala kude kube ngumzuzu wokugqibela" ayingomkhwa wabafundi abangakhathaliyo; enyanisweni, le ndlela yokuziphatha iqhelekile kuninzi lwethu. Omnye wemizekelo ethi Pink приводит kwincwadi yabo, uphononongo lwezazinzulu ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia eLos Angeles, olwabonisa ukuba uninzi lwamaqela ezifundo ngexesha lovavanyo alwenzi nto (okanye akukho nto) ubuncinane kwisiqingatha sokuqala sexesha ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela, kwaye kuphela emva koko uqale ukusebenza.

Ukuze ugweme umphumo "wololiwe ovuthayo", izazinzulu zicebisa ukubeka iinjongo eziphakathi kunye nokusebenzisa indlela "yentshukumo yetsheyini": phawula usuku ngalunye apho uchithe ixesha ulungiselela uviwo (ukwenza uvavanyo lwebhubhoratri, ukubhala iphepha lekota) kunye nesimboli esithile. Ikhonkco leesimboli ezinje kwikhalenda iya kuba yinto ekhuthazayo eyongezelelweyo ukuba ungayiyeki into oyiqalileyo kwaye ufikelele kumhla wokugqibela ngaphandle "kwezikhewu" kunye nomsebenzi okhawulezileyo. Ewe, ikhalenda ayizukukwenza ukuba uhlale phantsi ukuze uthathe amanqaku kwaye ayizukucima iinethiwekhi zentlalo, kodwa iya kusebenza "njengokucaphukisayo" kunye nesikhumbuzo - ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Kufuneka amanzi amaninzi

Elinye icandelo lengcebiso eqhelekileyo kukuphepha ukuyigqithisa kwi-caffeine, kodwa usele amanzi aneleyo. Le ngcebiso inesiseko sobungqina besayensi-uphando kule ndawo sele luqhubekile ixesha elide. Umzekelo, ngexesha elinye lovavanyo (kwezenzululwazi upapasho ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zayo, epapashwe emva kwi-1988), kwaboniswa ukuba ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (1-2%) kunokubangela ukuhla kwamandla okuqonda. Uphononongo, ngokukodwa, luqaphele ukuwohloka kwimemori yexesha elifutshane kunye nokukwazi ukusombulula iingxaki ze-arithmetic.

Kwaye ababhali bexesha elizayo iimpapasho IThe European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ithi “ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni yimfuneko ukuze ingqondo ihle.” Ke, ukuze uhlale ugxile ngelixa ufunda, gcina iliso kwindlela oziva ngayo kwaye uhlale unxaniwe-ingakumbi ukuba wenza umthambo ukongeza ekufundeni.

photo IYunivesithi ye-ITMO

Ukufunda ebuthongweni bethu

Elinye icebiso elivela ngokucacileyo - ukuba ubuthongo obunempilo kunye nobude bunefuthe elihle kwizakhono zethu zengqondo - yaziwa ngumntu wonke. Abaphandi baseMelika baqhubela phambili - kwaye ngexesha lovavanyo bachonga enye into ebalulekileyo enxulumene nendlela ingqondo esebenza ngayo ngexesha lokulala.

Ba bonisileukuba izifundo zikhumbula izibini zamagama anganxulumananga ngcono ukuba azinkqayi kusasa, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba zilale. Kule nkalo, izazinzulu zigqiba ukuba ubuthongo buzinzisa iinkumbulo zethu kwaye zivumela ukuba zihlanganiswe - enye ingxabano malunga nobusuku bokungalali ngaphambi koviwo.

ukuzilolonga kwengqondo

Ukuqala nje kokubona, unxibelelwano phakathi kwezemidlalo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezemfundo akubonakali - kwinkcubeko yanamhlanje, "umfundi obalaseleyo" kunye nomsebenzi womzimba zichasi (khumbula). indlela uSheldon adlale ngayo ibhola yomnyazi). Enyanisweni, ukwenza umthambo yenye yezinto eziphucula amandla okuqonda, nto leyo eye yangqinwa naliqela leencwadi zenzululwazi.

Ngoko, umzekelo, enye ye uphando, enikelwe kulo mbandela, iqinisekisa ukudibanisa phakathi kokuzivocavoca kunye nokuphucula imemori. Abaphandi bahlalutya ukusebenza kwabantu be-120 kwaye baqaphela uxhulumaniso phakathi koqeqesho oluqhelekileyo lwe-aerobic kunye nobukhulu obandisiweyo hippocampus kunye (njengesiphumo) nophuculo lwenkumbulo yendawo yezifundo.

Enye inzuzo yokwenza umthambo kukuba inceda ukulwa noxinzelelo. Kwi-American Psychological Association, umzekelo, bhiyozelaukuba enye yeenzuzo zokuzilolonga rhoqo kukuqinisa ubudlelwane phakathi kweenkqubo zomzimba (imisipha, i-cardiovascular, i-nervous system), evuyayo kwimeko engxamisekileyo. Ngexesha loqeqesho, umzimba "usebenza" indlela yokusabela okuqhelekileyo kuxinzelelo, ngenxa yoko, "kwiimeko zokulwa" siyakwazi ukuzilawula kangcono, ekubeni ngexesha loqeqesho umzimba sele "ufunde" ukusebenza kunye neemeko ezinjalo.

Ipapashwe kwijenali yoPhando lweBrain ngo-2012 meta-uhlalutyo izixhobo kunxibelelwano phakathi komthambo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Isiphumo, nangona kunjalo, asizange sithandeke kakhulu-ngokusekwe kuhlalutyo lwezixhobo zenzululwazi ezingama-79, izazinzulu zaqaphela ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi ziganeko zimbini (umsebenzi womzimba kunye nokuphuculwa kwezakhono zokuqonda) lukhona, kodwa lubuthathaka. Enyanisweni, izazinzulu azikhanyeli ukuba umphumo obaluleke ngakumbi unokwenzeka kwaye kuxhomekeke kwiziphi iziphumo ezithile zomsebenzi wokuqonda ezibhalwe ngumphandi ngexesha lovavanyo.

I-Weightlifting okanye i-CrossFit isenokungabi yiyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhetha ukuqalisa kwihlabathi lezemidlalo; ukuba injongo yakho kukuphucula impilo yakho kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo, kunye nokusebenza ngokomzimba okuphakathi kuya kwenza. Ngokomzekelo, iWorld Health Organization icebisa Ukuchitha malunga nemizuzu eli-150 ngeveki ukwenza umthambo ophakathi kwanele ukunceda ingqondo yakho, iqalise ukuphucula impilo yakho, kwaye kwangaxeshanye unganikezeli kwizifundo zakho.

TL; DR

• Cwangcisa umsebenzi onzima wengqondo kwisiqingatha sokuqala sosuku (kungakhathaliseki ukuba esi "siqingatha" siqala nini kuwe). Kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zokuqala emva kokuvuka, uya kugxila kakhulu kwaye ukhuthazeke ukusombulula iingxaki ezinzima.

• Gcina ukhumbula ukuba malunga neeyure ezisixhenxe ukususela ekuvukeni kwakho, inkuthazo yakho kunye nogxininiso luya kufikelela kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi - ngeli xesha kungcono ukuhlukana nezifundo zakho kwaye uhambe okanye ubaleke ukuze "ukhulule ingqondo yakho" encinci. Wakuba uwafumene kwakhona amandla akho ngale ndlela, kuya kuba lula ukuqhubeka nokuzilolonga.

• Ngokubanzi, musa ukungayihoyi imidlalo. Ukuzilolonga kukodwa akusayi kuwaphucula amabakala akho, kodwa kunokwenza izifundo zakho zisebenze ngakumbi - zenza kube lula kuwe ukuba umelane noxinzelelo ngexesha leemviwo kwaye ukhumbule ulwazi kwiimfundiso. Ukwenza oku, akufuneki uchithe iiyure ezinde kwindawo yokuzivocavoca okanye ubhalisele iklasi ye-kung fu - nokuba yimizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca umzimba ngeveki iya kuba yongezwa kakuhle kwizifundo zakho kwaye iya kuphucula impilo yakho yonke.

• Khumbula ukuba ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okuncinci kunciphisa ukusebenza kwengqondo, ngoko zama ukuthobela indlela oziva ngayo-musa ukukubetha ngoyaba unxano lwakho. Ngokukodwa ukuba udlala imidlalo emini.

• Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kungcono ukucwangcisa uxinzelelo olunzulu lwengqondo kwiiyure zokuqala emva kokuvuka, ukukhumbula ulwazi kunokuhlehliswa kude kube ngokuhlwa. Ukuba oku kuyingxaki - umzekelo, kufuneka unkqaye amanqaku amaninzi oviwo - sebenzisa ixesha ngaphambi kokulala ukuze uphonononge into oyinkqayile. Oku kuya kwenza kube lula kuwe ukukhumbula inkcazelo ngosuku olulandelayo.

• Ukuba uyakubekela amangomso ukufunda de kube ngumzuzu wokugqibela, khumbula ukuba akuwedwa. "Ukuqhatha ingqondo yakho," zama ukuzibeka ixesha eliphakathi (umzekelo, "fumana amanqaku ngesihloko somsebenzi wakho," "bhala uphononongo loncwadi," "cinga ngesakhiwo sophando lwakho"). Ukuqala ngoku, phawula usuku ngalunye phambi komhla wokugqibela owenze inkqubela ekuwugqibeni umsebenzi. Ikhonkco "leminqamlezo" okanye "amachaphaza" liya kuba yinkuthazo eyongezelelweyo yokwenza ubuncinane into ethile emini eya kunceda ukuqhubela phambili kwinjongo.

Kwinxalenye elandelayo yophononongo lwethu, siya kuthetha malunga nendlela inkumbulo yemisipha echaphazela ngayo amabanga, kwaye kutheni "ulwazi lolwazi" luyindawo eya kukunceda uphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kwakho kwezemfundo.

umthombo: www.habr.com