Ndiphumelela njani kwi-Intanethi yeNzululwazi kwiSayensi yeKhompyutha, kwaye ngubani osenokungayilungelanga

Ndigqibe unyaka wam wokuqala wokufunda kwi-Intanethi yeNzululwazi yeSayensi kwiSayensi yeKhompyutha (OMSCS) kwiGeorgia Institute of Technology (izifundo ezi-3 kwi-10). Bendifuna ukwabelana ngezigqibo eziphakathi.

Akufanele uye apho ukuba:

1. Ndifuna ukufunda indlela yokucwangcisa

Ekuqondeni kwam, kwisiseko sedatha umdwelisi olungileyo udinga:

• Ukwazi ukwakheka kolwimi oluthile, amathala eencwadi asemgangathweni, njl. njl.;
• Ukwazi ukubhala ikhowudi enokusetyenziswa kwakhona nekwandiswa;
• Ukwazi ukufunda ikhowudi nokubhala ikhowudi efundekayo;
• Ukwazi ukuvavanya ikhowudi kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo;
• Yazi iziseko zedatha ezisisiseko kunye ne-algorithms.

Kukho iincwadi kwesi sihloko, iikhosi ze-MOOC, umsebenzi oqhelekileyo kwiqela elilungileyo. Izifundo zomntu ngamnye kwi-MSCS zinokunceda ngezinye zezi zinto zingasentla, kodwa xa iyonke le asiyiyo le nkqubo imalunga nayo. Ulwazi lweelwimi luyimfuneko kwizifundo, okanye kucingelwa ukuba unokuziqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elifunekayo. Umzekelo, kwikhosi ye-Graduate Introduction to Operating Systems, kuye kwafuneka ukuba kwenziwe iiprojekthi ezi-4 ezinomthamo opheleleyo we-5000+ yemigca ye-C yekhowudi, kunye namaphepha enzululwazi amalunga ne-10 ekufuneka afundwe. Kwikhosi ye-Artificial Intelligence, ngaphezu kweeprojekthi ezintandathu ezinzima, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba kuphumelele iimviwo ezimbini ezinzima - kwiveki enye, ukuxazulula i-30 kunye namaphepha angama-60 eengxaki ezinzima.

Amaxesha amaninzi akukho zimfuneko zekhowudi “elungileyo” ngokufundeka. Amaxesha amaninzi ibakala lisetwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo oluzenzekelayo, kukho iimfuneko zokusebenza rhoqo, kwaye ikhowudi kunye neetekisi zitshekishwa ukukopa.

2. Eyona njongo iphambili kukusebenzisa ulwazi olutsha kwindawo yangoku

Ezinye iikhosi zinokubonelela ngezixhobo. Kodwa umbuzo ngowokuba uya kwenza ntoni ngenye itoni yeeprojekthi kunye nemathiriyeli, uphuhliso oluya kuthatha lonke ixesha lakho lokukhulula iminyaka eliqela. Kum kubonakala ngathi amava eMSCS ahambelana kakuhle nale anecdote:

Isazinzulu kunye nesazisi sesayensi sabuzwa malunga neenjongo kunye neziphumo zophando oluthile:

Isithandwa kakhulu:
- Iziphumo zolu pho nonongo zanceda ukuvavanya i-hypothesis ... Kwaye kwakhona yenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso ...

Isazinzulu:
- Ewe, oku kuyamangalisa nje!

Ndiyakholelwa ukuba unokuhamba kuyo yonke inkqubo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kuphela ukuba ngesizathu esithile konke kunomdla kwaye kumnandi. Kodwa konke oku akuyichasi into yokuba abaqeshi bajonge imfundo enjalo (ingakumbi kwi-States, kodwa andicingi nje kuphela). Emva kokuba ndongeze inkcazelo kwiLinkedIn endandiyifunda apho, ndaqalisa ukufumana izicelo ezivela kubaqeshwa beenkampani ezisemgangathweni ezivela eYurophu naseMerika. Kubantu endibaziyo eToronto, abantu abaninzi baye baqhubela phambili imisebenzi yabo okanye bafumana imisebenzi emitsha ngexesha lezifundo zabo.

Ukongeza kwiingcali, i-MSCS ivula amanye amathuba. Unokubandakanyeka kwiiprojekthi zophando ezinomdla ngaphakathi kweGeorgia Tech ukuba ugqiba ngempumelelo izifundo ezifunekayo. Umncedisi oyintloko wokufundisa (TA) e-AI ngumfana waseRashiya owathi, emva konyaka efunda kwi-OMSCS, watshintshela kwi-campus waya kufunda kunye nokwenza uphando e-Atlanta. Ngokokwazi kwam, uceba ukufumana iPhD.

3. Ulindele ukugqiba inkqubo uwedwa ngokumangalisayo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, i-50% yenzuzo evela kwinkqubo lithuba lokunxibelelana. I-OMCS inoluntu olukhulu nolusebenzayo. Iklasi nganye iqeshe iqela elikhulu le-TAs (ngokuqhelekileyo abafundi abavela kwiprogram efanayo abaye bagqiba ngempumelelo ikhosi yangoku). Ngesizathu esithile, bonke aba bantu bafuna ukusebenza kunye nokufunda kunye. Unxibelelwano lunika ntoni:

• Uvuyo lokwazi ukuba awusokoli wedwa;
• Abantu abatsha abavela kwihlabathi liphela kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono ezithambileyo;
• Ithuba lokufumana uncedo kwaye ufunde okuthile;
• Ithuba lokunceda nokufunda into;
• Unxibelelwano lobuchwephesha.

Uninzi lwabafundi ngabantu abanamava kushishino, ngokufuthi iintloko zamasebe, abayili bezakhiwo, nee-CTOs. Phantse i-25% ayinayo imfundo ye-CS esemthethweni, okt. abantu abanamava nje ahlukeneyo. Ekuqaleni kweprogram, ndandineminyaka eyi-5 yamava ekuphuhlisweni kweJava kwiYandex.Money, kwaye ngoku ndisebenza ixesha elithile njengomphandi kwisiqalo sonyango (ukufunda okunzulu kwi-dentistry).

Abafundi abaninzi bayakhuthazeka kwaye bavuleleke kunxibelelwano. Unokuhamba ngeprogram yedwa, kodwa ngenxa yoko, utyalomali iminyaka eyi-2.5-3 yexesha lakho (ukuba uthatha umsebenzi we-akhawunti) kwaye ufumane kuphela i-50% yenzuzo enokwenzeka. Kum, le ngongoma yeyona nto inzima kakhulu, kuba ... kukho ukungazithembi kunye nomqobo wolwimi, kodwa ndizama ukusebenza kuyo. Sidibana rhoqo nabalingane abahlala eToronto. Bonke bayasebenza kwaye banomdla abafana kunye neengcali eziphambili, omnye wabo waququzelela intlanganiso kunye noZvi Galil, "uyise" wenkqubo ye-OMCSS, umphathi weFaculty of Computing Georgia Tech, owashiya isikhundla sakhe kulo nyaka.

Umzekelo malunga nenkuthazo: kukho umfundi oyintsomi odibanise ukugqiba inkqubo kunye nokusebenza emkhosini. Uqhagamshele kwiforum ngelixa ebhabha, kwaye wenza iiprojekthi kwaye wamamela iintetho ngelixa esenza imithambo yasendle. Ngoku usebenza kwiziko lophando eGeorgia Tech kwaye uceba ukwenza iPhD.

4. Akukho ukuzimisela ukuzibophelela ngokunzulu ngexesha

Ekuqaleni, i-OMCS inokubonakala ifana nengqokelela yezifundo ze-MOOC okanye iingcali kwi-Coursera okanye iqonga elifanayo. Ndithathe izifundo ezininzi kwi-Coursera, umzekelo, iindawo zokuqala zeCryptography kunye ne-Algorithms evela eStanford. Ukongeza, ndathatha ikhosi enye ehlawulwayo kwi-Intanethi yeGraduate eStanford (abafundi beMS kunye nePhD bayayithatha) kwaye ndimamele iintetho ezivela eStanford CS231n (Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition) simahla.

Ngokusekwe kumava am, umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezifundo zesidanga se-Intanethi kunye nezifundo zasimahla ze-MOOC zezi:

• Sele kukhankanyiwe ukubandakanyeka okukhulu kunye nokukhuthazwa kwe-TAs, abaqeqeshi, abanye abafundi, ukuzinikela okukhulu kakhulu (akukho mntu ufuna ukuphulaphula inkqubo ngonaphakade, ngakumbi ekubeni kukho umda we-6 iminyaka);
• Umgca wexesha ongqongqo ngokufanelekileyo: kwimeko yeGeorgia Tech, zonke iintetho ziyafumaneka kanye (unokuziphulaphula ngexesha elifanelekileyo). Unokufunda incwadi yesikhokelo kwangaphambili (abantu abaninzi benza oku phakathi kweesemesters). Kodwa kukho iiprojekthi, kwaye zinemihla yokugqibela, zihlala zibotshelelwa kwiintetho ezithile. Kukho imihla ebekiweyo yoviwo (idla ngokuba mibini ngesiqingatha sonyaka). Kucetyiswa ukugcina isantya. Lingakanani ixesha ngeveki oyifunayo kuxhomekeke kwiikhosi kunye namava. Bendingalindelanga <iyure ezili-10 ngeveki kwiklasi nganye. Ngokomyinge indithatha ama-20 (ngamanye amaxesha kancinane kakhulu, maxa wambi inokuba ngama-30 okanye ama-40);
• Iiprojekthi zinzima kwaye zinomdla kune-MOOCs, kunye nomyalelo wobukhulu obukhulu;
• Iiyunivesithi kunye nabasenokuba ngabaqeshi bajonge ngakumbi kwizifundo ezinjalo. Ngokukodwa, xa kufakwa isicelo, i-Georgia Tech ibuza: "HAYI uluhlu lwezifundo ze-MOOC ezingafakwanga kwinqanaba lemfundo."

5. Ndifuna yonke into icace, icace kwaye icace

Okokuqala, i-MSCS ayisosidanga se-bachelor. Kukho iintetho, kodwa zinika umbono oqhelekileyo wesifundo. Ukongeza okanye thabatha, zonke iiprojekthi zibandakanya uphando lomntu siqu olusebenzayo. Isenokubandakanya unxibelelwano nabanye abafundi kunye nee-TAs (jonga inqaku lesi-3), ukufunda iincwadi, amanqaku, njl.

Okwesibini, i-OMSCS sisakhiwo esikhulu ngokufanelekileyo kwaye sinamandla kunye neqela labantu abanomdla wokudala nokugcina izifundo (jonga inqaku lesi-2). Aba bantu bathanda imifuniselo kunye nemingeni. Batshintsha iiprojekthi, bavavanye imibuzo kwiimvavanyo kunye neemviwo, batshintshe iimeko zovavanyo, njl. Ngenxa yoko, oku kubangela ezinye iziphumo ezingalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo. Kumava am:

• Kwikhosi enye, kukho into engalunganga emva kokuhlaziya iiseva kwaye ezi seva ziyeka ukuvelisa naziphi na iziphumo zovavanyo ezizinzile phantsi komthwalo. Abantu baye basabela ngokongeza uncumo ngempazamo yeseva kwi-sleck kunye neenzame zasebusuku zokuphumelela ngokungeniswa;
• Enye ikhosi ikhuphe iimvavanyo kunye neemviwo ezineempendulo ezingachanekanga okanye eziphikisanayo. Ngokusekelwe kwiingxoxo nabafundi, ezi mpazamo zalungiswa kunye namabanga. Bambi basabela ngokuzolileyo, abanye becaphukile yaye baqalekisiwe. Zonke iinguqu zazindidibanisa kwaye zazimnandi ngendlela yazo (awenzi nto, kodwa amanqaku akho akhula).

Konke oku, ewe, yongeza uxinzelelo oluncinci kwi-roller coaster esele ingumnqantsa, kodwa zonke ezi zinto zihambelana kakuhle neenyani zobomi: zikufundisa ukuphonononga ingxaki, ukusombulula iingxaki kwiimeko zokungaqinisekanga kancinci, kwaye wakhe incoko abanye abantu.

I-OMCS eGeorgia Tech ineenkcukacha zayo:

• I-Georgia Tech yenye yeeyunivesithi eziphambili zobugcisa eUnited States;
• Enye yezona zindala ze-MSCS ezikwi-intanethi;
• Mhlawumbi eyona MSCS inkulu kwi-intanethi: ~ Abafundi abangamawaka ali-9 kwiminyaka emi-6;
• Enye ye-MSCS engabizi kakhulu: malunga ne-8 amawaka eedola kulo lonke uqeqesho;
• Kukho abantu abangama-400-600 abafunda kwiiklasi ngexesha (ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphantsi ekupheleni; embindini we-semester unokushiya ibakala le-W, elingachaphazeli i-GPA yakho);
• Ayizizo zonke iiklasi zekhampasi ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi (kodwa uluhlu luyakhula kwaye sele kukho ukhetho oluhle kakhulu; akukho kufunda nzulu okwangoku, kodwa asilahli ithemba);
• Akulula ukungena kuyo nayiphi na iklasi ngenxa yemigqaliselo ephambili kunye nenani elikhulu labafaki-zicelo (i-Algorithms yeGraduate, ngokumangalisayo, phantse wonke umntu udlula ekupheleni);
• Ayizizo zonke iiklasi ezilingana kumgangatho wezixhobo kunye nomsebenzi we-TA kunye neenjingalwazi, kodwa zininzi iiklasi ezilungileyo. Kukho ulwazi oluninzi kwi-Intanethi malunga nezifundo ezithile (uphononongo, i-reddit, i-slack). Unokuhlala ukhetha into ehambelana nokuthanda kwakho.

Ukuqwalasela zonke iinkcukacha, kunye nenqanaba elihle lokukhuthaza, isikhundla esisebenzayo kunye nembono echanekileyo ngokubanzi, le yindlela enomdla kwaye eyinyani kakhulu. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngonyaka uluvo lwam aluyi kutshintsha kakhulu, kwaye olu lwazi luya kuba luncedo kumntu.

umthombo: www.habr.com