Ixesha ledijithali limisela imithetho yalo kunye nomthetho unyanzelekile ukuba uhambisane nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kunye nokuguqulwa kobudlelwane bezoqoqosho. Kwinqanaba lehlabathi, ulungelelwaniso nommiselo womthetho oqikelelweyo wokusingqongileyo wedijithali usiba yinzuzo ebalulekileyo kukhuphiswano lukarhulumente, evumela ukungena kotyalo-mali kunye nokukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo. Kwiinyani zaseRashiya, ngomsebenzi onzima we-State Duma ukwamkela imithetho emitsha (kwaye ihlala ikrwada) elawula ubudlelwane kwindawo yedijithali, kunzima ukuqonda kungekuphela nje koosomashishini abasele okanye abaceba ukuqhuba uhlobo oluthile lweshishini kwi-Intanethi. , kodwa namagqwetha asele enamava ekucebiseni nasekukhuseleni amalungelo abaxumi bawo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kumagqwetha ngamnye kunye neefemu zomthetho ezithile, ulwazi lweempawu ezisemthethweni zobudlelwane kwindawo yedijithali iba ngundoqo kwimpumelelo yabo kunye nokuchuma kweshishini labo kwiimeko zanamhlanje.
Ubunzima ekuqondeni umthetho wedijithali kukuba ngenxa yobume behlabathi be-Intanethi, ubudlelwane be-intanethi abujongwanga ngumthetho wesizwe kuphela, ngakumbi ngoku, xa kukho umkhwa obanzi obhekiselele kwi-balkanization kunye nokulawulwa kwe-Intanethi yehlabathi. Iinkonzo ezininzi kunye neewebhusayithi, kubandakanywa nezo zidalwe eRashiya, azijoliswanga kuphela kubasebenzisi baseRashiya, kodwa nakwezinye iimarike, apho imigaqo ehluke ngokupheleleyo ingasebenza. Ukongezelela kwimithetho yelizwe elithile, imilinganiselo “yomthetho othambileyo”, iingcebiso zeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, nomthetho wamatyala we-ECHR neNkundla Yobulungisa YaseYurophu nazo ziyasebenza apha. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, amagqwetha kwezinye iimeko kufuneka azi kwaye aqonde indlela i-GDPR, i-DMCA okanye iCalOPPA isebenza ngayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwinqanaba likarhulumente eRashiya, uluhlu olupheleleyo lwemilinganiselo luye lwenziwa ngokusebenzayo "ukuzama" i-jurisprudence kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha, kunye nokuphuhlisa umgaqo womthetho olungelelanisiweyo wophuhliso lwedijithali, kunye nokulungiselela amagqwetha ukuba asebenze ixesha ledijithali. Ngaloo ndlela, ngo-2017 yamkelwa "UQoqosho lweDijithali", kwiForam yezoMthetho yamazwe ngamazwe eSt. Petersburg 2018 Dmitry Medvedev malunga nezicwangciso zokuqalisa ukuqeqesha amagqwetha aseRashiya phantsi kwenkqubo yophuhliso loqoqosho lwedijithali kwi-2019, nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kweengxelo ezivakalayo, umsebenzi onjalo awukaqali.
Kwangaxeshanye, ngoMatshi 2019 bekukho umthetho obalulekileyo "Kumalungelo eDijithali".
Umthetho, ewe, uyawucutha ngamandla umba “wamalungelo edijithali” xa uthelekisa nezizwe ngezizwe , kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ibeka isiseko sobudlelwane bomthetho woluntu malunga nokusasazwa kwee-asethi zedijithali.
Ngelishwa, uninzi lwamagqwetha asenalo ulwazi olwaneleyo lwedijithali, ukujonga itekhnoloji entsha engundoqo njengebhloko kunye nedatha enkulu njengento ekude kubo kunye nomsebenzi wabo wemihla ngemihla. Kodwa esi simo sengqondo sele sikhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kwabanye abameli bezomthetho kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Umntu ulahlekelwa ngabathengi, ulahlekelwa yimali, kwaye "ukungazi kwedijithali" kwamagqwetha anikwe amandla kwaye, ngokukodwa, ukumela iimfuno zoluntu kunye neThemis, kukhokelela kwimiphumo enkulu yokudakumba ngendlela yeempazamo ekuthotyelweni komthetho. Ewe, amaxesha amaninzi kwanabagwebi, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kubagwebi bokuqala kwimimandla ekude, bazibekela umda ekuchazeni ukunqongophala kommiselo okhethekileyo kwaye bangahoyi itekhnoloji entsha okanye bazibone njengezithintelweyo. Ngokomzekelo, oku kwenzeka ngeyona ndlela malunga nokuthintela iindawo ze-cryptocurrency, apho, ngesicelo seofisi yomtshutshisi, ulwazi malunga ne-cryptocurrencies lwavakaliswa lunqatshelwe kwintsimi yaseRashiya. Kwaye nangona kweli tyala, amagqwetha eZiko lamaLungelo eDijithali akwazile ukuthethelela ukuba semthethweni kobukho beendawo malunga ne-cryptocurrencies kunye nokubuyisela iindleko kwiofisi yomtshutshisi ngempazamo, kwathatha iminyaka emininzi ukuya kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseRashiya. Federation.
Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kucacile ukuba ulwazi lomthetho we-cyber - isebe elidibanisa izinto zomthetho karhulumente kunye nowabucala, kunye nolwazi olukhethekileyo lweenkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho malunga ne-cybercrimes kunye neempawu zobugcisa zothungelwano, iikhompyutha kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha, ziya ziba ngakumbi kwaye ngakumbi kwimfuno kwaye kuyimfuneko kwigqwetha ngalinye . Kwangaxeshanye, iinkqubo ezithile zenkosi kwi-IP&IT ngoku zifumaneka kuphela kwii-neophytes ezisemthethweni. Mhlawumbi iyunivesiti kuphela kweli lizwe enika ubuncinci ulwazi malunga nomthetho wedijithali yiSikolo esiPhakamileyo sezoQoqosho, kwaye nangona kunjalo, ngaphakathi kwesakhelo seprogram yenkosi yabantu abafumana imfundo yezomthetho okokuqala ngqa. Kukho kwakhona iYunivesithi yaseMoscow State, eyafumana iwonga leZiko leSizwe loQoqosho lweDijithali. ILabhoratri ye-Legal Informatics kunye neCybernetics yenziwe apha kutshanje. Nangona kunjalo, akukabikho iinkqubo ezibanzi zamagqwetha anokubonelela ngolwazi olubanzi lomthetho we-cyber wanamhlanje. kwaye akukho mathuba okuba amagqwetha asekiweyo aphucule ngokupheleleyo ulwazi lwawo lomthetho we-cyber.
Ukulungisa le meko edandathekisayo kunye nokwenza kube lula kumagqwetha asekiweyo ukuba afunde ubucukubhede bomthetho we-cyber, silungiselele inkqubo ekhethekileyo - Isikolo soMthetho seCyber imele Iintsuku ezi-5 ezinzulu ungene kumthetho wedijithali ngeemodyuli ezisi-7 ezahlukeneyo. Ikhosi ebanzi yoqeqesho oluphezulu oluvela kwiingcali ezikhokelayo kwinkalo yabo iya kuvumela amagqwetha asele emiselwe ukuba azintywilisele kumthetho we-cyber ngexesha elifutshane kwaye azuze ulwazi olunzulu ngemithetho yangaphandle neyasekhaya, kunye nokusebenza kokuthotyelwa komthetho, kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:
- Abalamli kunye ne-ISP: Iimpawu zemisebenzi yabameli bolwazi (ISP, ababuki, iinjini zokukhangela, iinethiwekhi zentlalo, abahlanganisi, njl.njl.)
- IP & Copyright & Domains: Amalungelo engqondo kwi-Intanethi. Ukukhutshwa kwelayisensi yomxholo kunye nesoftware. Iimpawu zokukhuselwa ngokusemthethweni kwamalungelo okushicilela kunye namalungelo obunikazi, iimpawu zokuthengisa, amagama esizinda.
- Bucala & noKhuseleko: Ukukhuselwa kwembeko, isidima, isidima soshishino kwi-intanethi. Ukhuseleko lwabucala kunye nedatha yomntu. Ubumfihlo. Ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zokugcina idatha kunye nokusebenza ngokuhambelana ne-152-FZ kunye ne-GDPR.
- Ulingo lweDigital & LegalTech: Ubungqina bedijithali. Uxwebhu lwe-elektroniki kunye nesiginitsha yedijithali. Iinkqubo zomthetho zombane. Izixhobo zeLegaltech ukunceda igqwetha. Isoftware, i-bots kunye neCRM endaweni yabancedisi.
- Ii-asethi zedijithali & crypto: Imali yedijithali kunye nempahla yedijithali. Izivumelwano ezihlakaniphile. Iimpawu zobudlelwane bomthetho xa usebenzisa i-blockchain. Cryptocurrencies kunye neempawu. Iimfuno zokuqhuba i-ICO kunye ne-STO.
- Ukhuselo loLwaphulo-mthetho kunye noPhando: Izinto ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho anxulumene ne-Intanethi. Ukuqokelelwa kwemikhondo yedijithali. I-Computer forensics (i-forensics)
- I-ECHR kunye neenkundla zamazwe ngamazwe: Iinkalo ezikhethekileyo zomsebenzi wokulungiselela isikhalazo kwi-ECHR. Ukusebenza kwe-ECHR kunye neNkundla yoBulungisa yaseYurophu kumatyala anxulumene ne-Intanethi.
Ngaphakathi Isikolo seCyberlaw abaqeqeshi bethu besayensi kunye neshishini baya kunika izimvo ezicacileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwemimiselo emitsha kumthetho waseRashiya. Kwakhona, kwikhosi yethu uya kuba nakho ukufumana izakhono ezizodwa ezisebenzayo: amagosa asemthethweni akhokelayo akayi kwabelana ngamava abo kuphela nabathathi-nxaxheba, kodwa baya kuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha iimeko zeshishini lokwenyani, kubandakanywa nezo zihambelana nokuthotyelwa kwenkampani kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo okunyanzelisa ulawulo. ngokusilela ukuzalisekisa izibophelelo kunye nezithintelo zolawulo lokungathotyelwa kwimeko yedijithali, kwaye iya kufundisa indlela ejolise kumngcipheko xa usebenza ngokuzisa imisebenzi yenkampani ukuba ihambelane nomthetho wangoku kwaye kunokuba ubhideke.
Ukongeza, njengenxalenye yekhosi, amagqwetha aya kuba nako ukufunda ukusebenzisa izisombululo zobuchwepheshe zanamhlanje ezenza lula kakhulu umsebenzi wamagqwetha, kunye nokufumana izakhono ezixabisekileyo ekusebenzeni kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yomthetho wedijithali kwiinkundla zolwaphulo-mthetho, ezoluntu nezezizwe ngezizwe. .
Le ndlela ebanzi yenza yethu Isikolo somthetho seCyber Kubalulekile kubo bonke abameli boluntu lwezomthetho abanomdla kumthetho wedijithali, ngakumbi kumagqwetha angaphakathi, amagqwetha, amagqwetha abucala, kunye neengcali ezivela kwiinkampani zokubonisana.
Ukongeza, ukongeza kulwazi oluxabisekileyo ekupheleni kwekhosi, bonke abantu abagqibe uqeqesho olupheleleyo baya kunikwa isatifikethi esikhutshwe ngurhulumente soqeqesho oluphezulu kwicandelo lomthetho wedijithali, kwaye baya kunikwa ithuba lokujoyina ivaliwe "Cyber Lawyers Club", apho bahlala bevuya ukwabelana ngamava abo kunye neendlela ezikhoyo ezingcono , kunye nokunceda kwiimeko ezinzima zomthetho. Ungaphoswa lithuba elikhethekileyo lokuba ligqwetha le-cyber: phucula ulwazi lwakho kumthetho wedijithali, qinisa izakhono zakho ezisebenzayo kumsebenzi wezomthetho kwibala ledijithali kwaye uqinisekise impumelelo yomsebenzi wakho kwixesha letekhnoloji entsha.
Fumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga Isikolo soMthetho weCyber kwaye ungafaka isicelo sokuthatha inxaxheba kweyethu
umthombo: www.habr.com
