Ukuba namava amaninzi kwicandelo le-automation ye-industrial, sihlala sikhangela ezona ndlela zingcono zokusombulula iingxaki zethu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa bomthengi, kwafuneka sikhethe enye okanye enye i-hardware kunye nesiseko sesoftware. Kwaye ukuba akukho mfuneko engqongqo yokufaka izixhobo ze-Siemens ngokubambisana ne-TIA-portal, ngoko, njengomthetho, ukhetho lwawela kwi-MasterSCADA 3.XX. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto ihlala ngonaphakade phantsi kwelanga ...
Malunga namava am okutshintshela kwi-MasterSCADA 4D, izinto ezifunekayo, iimpawu zomsebenzi wayo kwiikhomputha ezifakwe kwi-ARM yoyilo phantsi kokusikwa kweli nqaku.
Izinto ezifuneka kuqala
Siqale ukuvavanya uphuhliso olutsha oluvela kwi-Insat - MasterSCADA 4D - kungekudala. Kwakukho izinto ezininzi ezifunekayo kule nto. Okokuqala, senze uphando oluninzi oluzimeleyo phakathi kweengcali kwintsimi ye-automation ye-industrial automation ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo ze-SCADA ezithandwa kakhulu (Umfanekiso 1). Ngokweziphumo zophando, inkqubo ye-MasterSCADA ithatha indawo yokuqala phakathi kweenkqubo zasekhaya.
Umzobo 1 - Iziphumo zophando lweenkqubo zeSCADA ezidumileyo (umfanekiso ocofayo)
Imfuneko yesibini inokuqwalaselwa...
Ngoku masiye ngqo kwi-MasterSCADA 4D ngokwayo. Iqukethe iimveliso ezimbini zesoftware, ezizezi: indawo yophuhliso kunye nemeko yendawo yokusebenza. Siza kuthetha ngendlela nganye kwezi nxalenye zisebenza ngayo ngezantsi.
Indawo yophuhliso
Iprojekthi yenkqubo yenziwe kwindawo yophuhliso ye-MasterSCADA 4D; ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufumane inguqulelo yasimahla kwiwebhusayithi ye-Insat kwaye uyifake ngokulandela izikhokelo.
Umfanekiso wesi-2 β Ujongano lwemekobume yophuhliso (umfanekiso ucofa)
Into yokuqala ebamba iliso lakho lujongano olumnandi lwemeko yophuhliso kunye nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo seprojekthi. Ngoku kwiprojekthi enye unokwenza inkqubo kungekhona nje indawo yokusebenza ezenzekelayo, kodwa nakwindawo yonke, ukuqala ngomlawuli kunye nokuphela komncedisi okanye indawo yokusebenza yomqhubi.
Ubume bophuhliso busebenza kuphela kwi-Windows OS, eqhelekile kwaye iyanyamezeleka, kodwa imeko yendawo yokusebenza (i-RunTime) isothuse ngokumangalisayo ngokukwazi kwayo ukudibanisa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye neprosesa yezakhiwo, kodwa ngakumbi emva koko.
Ndikwavuyiswa lithala leencwadi elikhulu lezinto ezibonwayo. Iingcali ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ziya kukwazi ukuzitholela izinto zokujonga ngaphandle kokubhenela ekuzobeni okanye ekukhangeleni imifanekiso kwi-Intanethi.
Umzobo 3 - Izinto zokubonwayo (umfanekiso ucofa)
Iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano
Inkqubo ixhasa abaqhubi abahlukeneyo (iiprothokholi zotshintshiselwano), ezidityaniswe kwi-MasterSCADA 4D ngokungagqibekanga:
- Modbus TCP / RTU, RTU phezu TCP
- I-DCON
- OPC UA/DA/HDA
- IEC61850
- SNMP
- PostgreSQL
- I-MQTT
- IEC104
- I-MSSQL
- MySQL
- I-Mercury (ithala leencwadi elahlukileyo), njl.
Imeko yexesha lokuqhuba
Indawo yexesha lokusebenza inokuqaliswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye nolwakhiwo lwekhompyuter yobuqu; ungaphinda usebenzise i-RunTime kumatshini wasekhaya; ifakwe kunye nemekobume yophuhliso kwaye iqhuba iyure (okanye iithegi ezingama-32) ngaphandle kwezithintelo.
isixhobo se-AntexGate
I-MasterSCADA Runtime ifakwe ngaphambili njengokhetho olwahlukileyo kwi-AntexGate efakelweyo yePC ene-ARM yoyilo lweprosesa kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yeDebian; siya kuqhuba iimvavanyo kwesi sixhobo.
Umzobo 4 - Isixhobo se-AntexGate
Iinkcukacha zeMveliso:
- CPU: 4-core x64 ARM v8 Cortex-A53
- 1.2Mhz RAM: LPDDR2 1024MB
- Imemori engaguqukiyo: 8/16/32GB eMMC
Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nesixhobo .
Masiqhube inkqubo kwisixhobo esilawulayo. Umzekelo, senze uvoto kunye nolawulo lwesixhobo sisebenzisa iprothokholi ye-Modbus RTU; inkqubo yokuseta uvoto iyaqondakala kwaye iyafana nokuseta iseva ye-OPC eqhelekileyo. Yinyani, ngoku i-RunTime inee-protocol eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi abaqhubi botshintshiselwano lwedatha.
Njengomzekelo, makhe senze iprojekthi elula yokulawula iimpompo ezintathu kunye neevalvu ezimbini zenkqubo yokuvelisa i-abstract. Kwimeko yophuhliso ibonakala ngolu hlobo, njengoko kuMzobo 5.
Umzobo 5 - Iprojekthi kwindawo yophuhliso (umfanekiso ucofa)
Ngenxa yoko, sifumene umzobo olula we-mnemonic (Umfanekiso 6) osebenza kuyo nayiphi na isiphequluli esixhasa i-HTML5.
Umzobo 6 β Idiagram yeMnemonic (upopayi weGIF uyacofa)
Iinketho zokuBonisa ulwazi lwe-HMI
Kuyenzeka ukuqhagamshela kwimeko-bume yophumezo nge-WEB, olu khetho alusithinteli ekukhetheni umxhasi wokujonga idata kwidayagram yemnemonic.
Kwimeko yethu, isixhobo sibonelela ngemveliso yolwazi nge-HDMI, i-Ethernet, i-3G.
Xa udibanisa nge-HDMI, sifikelela kwi-LocalHost 127.0 0.1: 8043 ngokusebenzisa isiphequluli esakhelwe ngaphakathi kwi-AntexGate, okanye udibanise kwi-IP esisigxina: idilesi ye-8043 kwi-Intanethi okanye inethiwekhi yendawo yeshishini kunye nomnye "uMthengi oNcinci".
Umzobo 7 β Ulwakhiwo lokubeka iliso lweWEBHU (umfanekiso ucofa)
Iindaba ezinomdla yayiyi-protocol ye-MQTT esele ilindelwe ixesha elide, eyayidla ngokunganelanga ukubeka iliso kwizinto ezikude kwiinkqubo ze-SCADA.
Namhlanje, wonke umntu unethuba lokufumana iseva ye-VDS engabizi kwi-Intanethi ngedilesi ye-IP esisigxina (umzekelo, iseva yewebhusayithi yenkampani) kwaye ifake i-MQTT Broker (umzekelo, i-Mosquito) kuyo.
Emva kokufumana iseva enye kunye nomthengisi we-MQTT, sinokulahla ngokulula iinkonzo zabaqhubi ezibiza kakhulu - i-IP esisigxina kwaye uhlawule i-ruble ye-900 ngonyaka endaweni ye-4000 ye-ruble yonxibelelwano lwe-3G.
Umzobo 8 - Isakhiwo sokubeka iliso se-MQTT (umfanekiso ocofayo)
Ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi enjalo akuyi kusindisa kuphela kwi-traffic, kodwa kuya kukhusela idatha, ekubeni ukuhanjiswa kwedatha nge-protocol ye-Modbus TCP kwi-Intanethi ayiqinisekisi ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wonxibelelwano.
Ke, unokuthengisa iiprojekthi eziphindaphindwayo apho umxhasi ekhetha umboneleli we-Intanethi ngokwakhe. Kwaye akukho mntu unentloko ngokumisela kunye nokwabela iidilesi ze-IP: umxhasi ufaka nayiphi na i-SIM khadi ngokwakhe okanye udibanisa kwi-router kunye neseva ye-DHCP.
Intsebenzo
Kwiprojekthi, into ephambili isantya, okubizwa ngokuba yi "Misebenzi" kuya kusinceda kule nto. Ngokungagqibekanga, indawo nganye inodi enye kuphela xa iyilwe - Umsebenzi ongundoqo. Umqambi weprojekthi unokudala uninzi lwazo njengoko luyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kweprojekthi ethile. Iimpawu zokubala, umzekelo, umjikelo wokubala, uya kuxhomekeka kwizicwangciso zomsebenzi othile. Ngamnye wabo uya kusebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwabanye kwisixhobo. Ukudala imisebenzi emininzi kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngemijikelo eyahlukeneyo yokubala kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeeprojekthi.
Eli nqaku linika umdla ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezineprosesa enamanqaku amaninzi. "Umsebenzi" ngamnye uqaliswa njengenkqubo eyahlukileyo kwinkqubo kwaye umthwalo usasazwa ngokulinganayo kwiprosesa. Isixhobo se-AntexGate sineprosesa ye-ARM ene-4 cores ye-1.2 GHz kunye ne-1 GB ye-RAM, ekuvumela ukuba wenze ubuncinane imisebenzi emikhulu ye-4 kwaye usasaze umthwalo kuwo wonke ama-cores. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-PLC, i-AntexGate inokubonelela ubuncinane ngamaxesha e-4 amandla amaninzi ekhompyutheni ngexabiso elifanayo.
Umzobo 9 -Ilayisha i-AntexGate amandla ekhompyuter kwimowudi yokuqhuba (umfanekiso ocofayo)
Njengoko sinokubona kwi-Figure 9, umthwalo we-CPU awukho ngaphezu kwe-2,5%, kwaye i-61MB kuphela yememori yabelwe. Ke, iprojekthi encinci yexesha lokuqhutywa idla izixhobo ezimbalwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Isixhobo asinakusetyenziswa kuphela njengomlawuli, kodwa kwakhona njengomncedisi ogcweleyo kunye nokuvota kwamanqaku angaphezu kwe-2000 ye-I / O kunye nokukwazi ukuxhasa ngaphezu kwe-100 yabathengi be-WEB.
Ngokomzekelo, masiqhagamshele abathengi be-WEB abayi-9 kwisixhobo kwaye sibone inkqubela yokusetyenziswa kobutyebi (Umfanekiso 10).
Umzobo we-10 - Ukulayisha amandla ekhompyutheni ye-AntexGate xa udibanisa abaxhasi be-9 WEB (umfanekiso ucofa)
Njengoko ubona kulo mzobo ungentla, ukusetyenziswa kwe-CPU kunyukile ukusuka kumyinge we-2,5% ukuya kwi-6%, kwaye kuphela imemori ye-3MB eyongezelelweyo inikezelwe.
Ngombulelo kunikezelo olukhulu lwezixhobo zekhompyuter zesixhobo, umphuhlisi akadingi skimp kumgangatho wenkqubo eyenziwe kwi-MasterSCADA 4D.
Iqonga lomnqamlezo
Ndingathanda kwakhona ukuqaphela uhlobo olunqamlezayo lwenkqubo yeSCADA eqwalaselwayo, enika abahlanganisi ukhetho olukhulu lwamaqonga okuphumeza iiprojekthi zabo. Ngombulelo kule ndlela, utshintsho phakathi kweenkqubo zokusebenza okanye i-architectures ye-PC ilula kakhulu.
isiphelo
I-MasterSCADA 4D yimveliso entsha noko evela kwa-Insat. Namhlanje akukho lwazi lungako ekusebenzeni nale mveliso yesoftware njengoko singathanda. Nangona kunjalo, unokukhuphela indawo yophuhliso yasimahla kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani; inoncedo oluneenkcukacha kakhulu ekusebenzeni nenkqubo.
Umfanekiso 11 β Ifestile yoncedo (umfanekiso ucofa)
Ekugqibeleni, ndingathanda ukuthetha ukuba eli nqaku liqulethe idatha yentshayelelo malunga nemveliso yesoftware ye-MasterSCADA 4D kwaye ayithethi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkxaso yakho, siya kukhupha imizekelo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi kunye nezifundo ekusebenzeni ngale mveliso yesoftware.
Ndingathanda ukubona kwizimvo ukuba yeyiphi imibuzo onomdla kakhulu kuyo. Kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka, siya kuguqula imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo kwisifundo ekudaleni iiprojekthi kwi-MasterSCADA 4D.
umthombo: www.habr.com