Ipenguin efestileni: malunga nokubanakho kunye nethemba le-WSL2

Hayi Habr!

Ngelixesha sisaqhuba kakuhle ihlobo Ukuthengiswa, singathanda ukukumema ukuba uxoxe ngesinye sezihloko ezinkulu esisebenza kuzo mva nje - ukusebenzisana kweWindows kunye neLinux, enxulumene, ngakumbi, kuphuhliso lwenkqubo. I-WSL. I-WSL 2 isendleleni, kwaye nantsi inkcazo ekhawulezayo yento eza kuza kule nkqubo ingaphantsi, kunye noqikelelo lwekamva lokudityaniswa phakathi kweWindows kunye neLinux.

NgoMeyi walo nyaka, iMicrosoft yabhengeza ukuba iWSL2, inguqulelo yamva nje yeWindows subsystem kwiLinux, iya kuqhuba kwiLinux kernel epheleleyo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Oku kuphawula okokuqala iMicrosoft ibandakanya i-Linux kernel njengenxalenye kwiWindows. UMicrosoft ukwazisa umgca womyalelo kwiWindows oya kwandisa amandla ePowerShell kunye neWSL.

Zombini i-Linux kernel ye-WSL2, eyenziwe nguMicrosoft, kunye nomgca womyalelo weWindows omtsha zinomdla ikakhulu kubaphuhlisi.

"Eli lelona nyathelo linamandla kumdlalo ochasene ne-AWS," utshilo uJoshua Schwartz, umlawuli weenkqubo zedijithali kwinkampani yokubonisana ne-AT Kearney.

Ikamva likaMicrosoft alidityaniswanga nemarike yePC, nangona iya kuqhubeka nokubamba ngokuqinileyo indawo yayo kweli candelo. Kuya kubaluleka ngakumbi ukufumana indawo kwimarike yelifu, enye yezinto ezinokuthi kwixesha elizayo ibe ziiPC zedesktop.

Wenza ntoni i-WSL2?

I-WSL2 sisikhokelo samva nje se-Windows Subsystem ye-Linux. Ikuvumela ukuba uphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kwenkqubo yefayile kwaye ibonelela ngokuhambelana ngokupheleleyo neefowuni zenkqubo.

Esinye sezicelo eziphambili kuluntu lweWSL sasinxulumene nokuphucula ukusebenza. I-WSL2 iqhuba izixhobo ezininzi zeLinux kuneWSL, ngakumbi iDocker kunye neFUSE.
I-WSL2 iphatha imisebenzi enzima yefayile, ngakumbi i-git clone, i-npm yokufaka, uhlaziyo olufanelekileyo, kunye nophuculo olufanelekileyo. Ukonyuka kwesantya sangempela kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile kunye nendlela edibana ngayo nenkqubo yefayile.

Uvavanyo lokuqala lubonise ukuba i-WSL2 imalunga namaxesha angama-20 ngokukhawuleza kune-WSL1 ekukhupheni itela kwi-zip. Xa usebenzisa i-git clone, i-npm install kunye ne-cmake kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo, inkqubo ibonise ukunyuka kwamaxesha amabini ukuya kwamahlanu ekusebenzeni.

Ngaba oku kuya kunceda ukufumana ukuthenjwa ngabaphuhlisi?

Ngokwenene, iMicrosoft ifuna ukufumana ukuqondwa kunye nokuthembela kuluntu oluphuhlisayo ngokuphuhlisa inguqulelo yayo yeLinux kernel ukuxhasa iinkqubo zeWSL2, utshilo uCody Swann, iCEO yeGunner Technology.

“Ngaphandle kokuphuhlisa ngokungqongqo iiWindows, ukwenza zonke ezinye iinkqubo- ilifu, iselula, usetyenziso lwewebhu- kwiPC bekunzima kakhulu, yiyo loo nto umphuhlisi ngandlela thile kwafuneka aqale ukusasazwa kweLinux ngokunxuseneyo neWindows OS. UMicrosoft uyakuqonda oku kwaye weza nesisombululo,” uqukumbela ngelithi.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwazisa i-Linux kernel yesiko kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kwinkqubo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umsebenzisi ophakathi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuvula amathuba onxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kweenkonzo zeMicrosoft kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yeLinux.
Le ntshukumo kwicala likaMicrosoft ilumkile kakhulu, kuba inceda ukungena nzulu kuluntu lophuhlisi, kunye nokusebenzisa ngokukhutheleyo iimveliso eziphuhliswa ngomnye umntu- oko kukuthi, ukunxibelelana nomthombo ovulekileyo, utshilo uSwann.

Wamkelekile kwiMicrosoft Entsha

Umkhwa wokwenza kunye nokugcina i-Linux kernel "ngokukodwa kwiWindows" ibonisa umkhombandlela onamandla ovulelekileyo okhuthazwa yi-CEO uSatya Nadella. IMicrosoft ayisafani naphantsi kweGates kunye neBallmer, xa yonke into yayigcinwe emva kocingo lobunikazi, kwaye akukho mntu wacinga malunga nokusebenzisana.

“USatya uyiguqule ngokupheleleyo iMicrosoft yaba liqonga lale mihla, kwaye eso sicwangciso sihlawule kakuhle. Molo, imali eyitriliyoni yeedola,” utshilo uSchwartz.

NgokukaCharles King, umhlalutyi oyintloko ePund-IT, amandla amabini aphambili eMicrosoft kukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko.

"Ngokusebenzisa uphuhliso lwayo olubalulekileyo-izixhobo kunye nezixhobo-inkampani inokuqinisekisa abathengi ukuba i-kernel iya kuhlaziywa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ixhotyiswe ngeepatshi zamva nje kunye nezilungiso zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo," wongeza.

Abaphuhlisi nabo bayazuza

Iibini zeLinux zenza imisebenzi emininzi zisebenzisa inkqubo yokufowuna, njengokufikelela iifayile, ukucela inkumbulo, kunye nokwenza iinkqubo. I-WSL1 ixhomekeke kumaleko wokuguqulela ukutolika uninzi lwale minxeba yenkqubo kwaye ibavumele ukuba banxibelelane ne-Windows NT kernel.

Eyona nto inzima kukuphumeza zonke iifowuni zesistim. Ekubeni oku kungenziwanga kwi-WSL1, ezinye izicelo azikwazanga ukusebenza apho. I-WSL2 yazisa izicelo ezininzi ezitsha ezisebenza kakuhle kule meko.

Uyilo olutsha luvumela iMicrosoft ukuba izise ukuphuculwa kwamva nje kwiLinux kernel ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuneWSL1. UMicrosoft unokuhlaziya undoqo weWSL2 kunokuba aphinde asebenzise yonke imiqobo.

Isixhobo somthombo ovulekileyo ngokupheleleyo

Uphuhliso lweMicrosoft lweLinux kernel yayiluvuthondaba lweminyaka yokusebenza yiLinux Systems Group, kunye namanye amaqela amaninzi kulo lonke uMicrosoft, utshilo uJack Hammons, umphathi wenkqubo kwiLinux Systems Group, Microsoft.

I-kernel ebonelelwe nge-WSL2 iya kuba ngumthombo ovulekileyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iMicrosoft iya kuthumela imiyalelo malunga nendlela yokwakha i-kernel kwi-GitHub. Inkampani iya kusebenzisana nabaphuhlisi abazimisele ukunceda iprojekthi kwaye baqhube utshintsho olusezantsi ukuya phezulu.

Abaphuhlisi beMicrosoft benze iWSL2 besebenzisa indibaniselwano eqhubekayo yenkampani kunye neenkqubo eziqhubekayo zokuhanjiswa. Le software iya kunikezelwa ngenkqubo yohlaziyo yeWindows kwaye iya kucaca ngokupheleleyo kumsebenzisi. I-kernel iya kuhlala isexesheni kwaye ibandakanye zonke iimpawu zesebe elizinzileyo leLinux.

Ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka komthombo, inkampani ijonga amaxwebhu alapha ekuhlaleni, ibeke iliso rhoqo imixholo yoluhlu lokuposa lokhuseleko lwe-Linux, kwaye isebenza neenkampani ezininzi ezixhasa ugcino-lwazi kwimo engqongileyo yeshishini (CVEs). Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iMicrosoft's Linux kernel isexesheni kunye nohlaziyo lwamva nje kwaye iphelisa naziphi na izoyikiso ezivelayo.

Utshintsho olusezantsi luba lunyanzeliso

UMicrosoft uqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinguqu zekernel zisasazwa phezulu, inkalo ebalulekileyo yefilosofi yeLinux. Ukuxhasa iipatches ezisezantsi ziza kunye nobunzima obongezelelweyo; Ngaphezu koko, esi senzo asiqhelekanga kwindawo evulekileyo yoluntu.

Injongo yeMicrosoft njengomsebenzisi weLinux kukuba lilungu eliqeqeshekileyo kuluntu kunye negalelo lotshintsho kuluntu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwamasebe anxulumene nenkxaso yexesha elide, ezinye iipatches - umzekelo ezo ziqulethe iimpawu ezintsha - zingabandakanywa kuphela kwiinguqulelo ezintsha ze-kernel, kwaye zingathunyelwa kwi-LTS version yangoku kwimodi yokuhambelana ngasemva.

Xa imithombo engundoqo ye-WSL ikhona, iya kubandakanya ikhonkco kwiseti yeepatches kunye nenxalenye ehlala ixesha elide yemithombo. UMicrosoft ulindele ukuba olu luhlu lucutheke ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko iipetshi zisasazwa phezulu kwaye iipetshi ezintsha zasekhaya zongezwa ukuxhasa izinto ezintsha zeWSL.

Uyilo olumnandi ngakumbi lwefestile

UMicrosoft uphinde wabhengeza inguqulelo ezayo yasebusika yeWindows Terminal, usetyenziso olutsha lwabasebenzisi abasebenza ngezixhobo zomyalelo kunye noonokrwece, njengeCommand Prompt, PowerShell, kunye neWSL.

Windows Terminal

I-Windows Terminal 1.0 inikeza iisetingi ezininzi kunye neenketho zoqwalaselo ezikunika ulawulo olungaphezulu kwinkangeleko yefestile yeterminal, kunye nangaphezulu kwamaqokobhe/iiprofayile ekufuneka zivuleke njengeethebhu ezintsha.

Izicwangciso ziyakugcinwa kwifayile ebhaliweyo eyakhiweyo, izenza kube lula ukuyiqwalasela kunye nokuyila ifestile yendlela yesiphelo kwincasa yakho.

IMicrosoft ayisacongi ikhonsoli yeWindows ekhoyo kwaye yenza entsha ukusuka ekuqaleni, ithatha isigqibo sokuthatha indlela entsha. Ufakelo lweWindows Terminal kwaye lusebenza ngokunxuseneyo nenkqubo ekhoyo yeWindows Console ephuma ebhokisini.

ntoni lo msebenzi

Xa a Windows 10 umsebenzisi usungula ngokuthe ngqo iCmd/PowerShell/njl, inkqubo encanyathiselwe kumzekelo weConsole rhoqo iyavuswa. Injini yoqwalaselo ye-terminal entsha ivumela abasebenzisi beWindows ukuba benze iiprofayili ezininzi kuzo zonke iigobolondo ezifunwayo/izicelo/izixhobo, nokuba zikwiPowerShell, Command Prompt, Ubuntu, okanye uqhagamshelo lwe-SSH kwizixhobo ze-Azure okanye ze-IoT.

Ezi profayili zinokubonelela ngokwazo indibaniselwano yoyilo kunye nobukhulu befonti, imixholo yombala, amanqanaba obumnyama angasemva okanye ukungafihli. Ukongeza, abasebenzisi baya kuba nakho ukukhetha ifonti entsha ye-monospace ukwenza ifestile ye-terminal ibonakale yangoku kwaye ipholile. Le fonti iqulathe iiligatures zomdwelisi wenkqubo iya kwenziwa ifumaneke kwaye igcinwe kwindawo yayo yokugcina.

Iingenelo eziphambili zojongano lomyalelo weWindows zininzi iithebhu kunye nesicatshulwa esihle. Inkxaso yeethebhu ezininzi ithathwa njengesona sicelo siceliweyo sophuhliso lwetheminali. Umbhalo omnandi ufunyenwe ngokubulela kwi-injini yokubonelela esekwe kwiDirectWrite/DirectX, exhotyiswe ngokukhawuleziswa kweGPU.

I-injini ibonisa ii-icon zombhalo, iiglyphs kunye noonobumba abakhethekileyo abafunyenwe kwiifonti, kubandakanya isiTshayina, isiJapan kunye nee-ideograms zaseKorea (CJK), i-emoji, iisimboli zentambo yombane, ii-iyikhoni kunye nee-programming ligatures. Ukongeza, le njini inika isicatshulwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuneGDI ebekade isetyenziswa kwikhonsoli.

Ukubuyela ngasemva kuhlala kulandelelwano olupheleleyo, nangona unokuzama iWindows Terminal ukuba uyafuna.

Ubalo-maxesha: kuyakwenzeka njani

UMicrosoft uza kubonelela ngeWindows Terminal usebenzisa iMicrosoft Store ngaphakathi Windows 10 kwaye uyihlaziye rhoqo. Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi baya kuhlala besazi ngeenguqulelo zamva nje kunye nezixhasi zamva nje- ngaphandle komzamo wongezelelweyo.

UMicrosoft uceba ukuphehlelela i-terminal entsha kobu busika buzayo. Nje ukuba iMicrosoft ikhuphe iWindows Terminal 1.0, abaphuhlisi baya kuqhubeka nokusebenza kwizinto ezininzi esele zisemva.

Windows Terminal kunye neWindows Console Source Code sele iposiwe kwiGitHub.

Yintoni esinokuyilindela kwixa elizayo?

Ithuba lokuba uMicrosoft asebenzise eyakhe i-Linux kernel ngezinye iinjongo, umzekelo, ukuphuhlisa usasazo lweLinux, kubonakala ngathi kuqikelelwa namhlanje.

Iziphumo ezinokuthi zixhomekeke ekubeni iMicrosoft iyakwazi ukufumana imfuno ebalulekileyo yemveliso enjalo, kwaye ngawaphi amathuba orhwebo olunjalo olunokuthi luvuleleke, utshilo uCharles King.

Ucinga ukuba ugxininiso lwenkampani kwikamva elibonakalayo luya kuba sekwenzeni iiWindows kunye neLinux zihambelane ngakumbi kwaye zincedisane.

UJoshua Schwartz ukholelwa ukuba kule meko kuya kuba yimfuneko ukulinganisa ukuba utyalo-mali kulo msebenzi luya kuba yintoni kunye nembuyekezo kuyo. Ukuba iMicrosoft ibiyinkampani encinci kakhulu namhlanje, ibinokwenza yonke into esekwe kwiLinux. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhambisa lonke uphuhliso esele lukhona ukusuka kwiMicrosoft ukuya kwi-architecture ye-Linux namhlanje kubonakala ngathi yiprojekthi ebiza kakhulu kwaye entsonkothileyo engenakwenzeka ukuba ihlawule kakuhle. Abathandi beLinux baya kufumana eyabo iLinux kwaye isiseko soyilo siya kuhlala sinjalo.

Xa i-Apple ibuyisela i-Mac OS ngo-2000, inkqubo yokusebenza yayisekelwe kwi-BSD Unix, efana kakhulu ne-Linux kune-DOS. Namhlanje, inguqulelo entsha yeMicrosoft Windows yenziwa ngokusekwe kwiLinux.

Mhlawumbi sivulelwa umnyango omtsha?

IMicrosoft's Linux kernel ingavula indlela yentsebenziswano enkulu phakathi kweenkonzo zeWindows kunye neLinux. Ngokwenyani, olu phuhliso lweMicrosoft lubonisa ukuba iMicrosoft ngokwayo sele iyaqonda: namhlanje akukho phantse abathengi abaseleyo abakhetha ukubakho kwihlabathi apho yonke into iyiWindows.

Kwenza ingqiqo ngakumbi ukusebenzisa ubugcisa obahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo ezihlangabezana ngcono neemfuno zeshishini kunye neemeko ezithile ezisebenzayo.

Umbuzo omkhulu wobuchule ngowokuba, ngawaphi amathuba amatsha acwangcisiweyo olu hambo luvula iqonga likaMicrosoft ngokwalo?

I-Azure, inkqubo yelifu yeMicrosoft, sele ibonelela ngenkxaso enkulu kwiLinux. Ngaphambili, iWindows yayixhasa iLinux kakuhle isebenzisa oomatshini ababonakalayo.

Utshintsho olusisiseko olwenzekayo namhlanje kungenxa yokuba ngoku iinkqubo zeLinux ziya kuqhuba ngokwendalo kwi-Windows kernel, okuthetha ukuba ukusebenza neLinux ukusuka kwiWindows kuya kukhawuleza kakhulu kunomatshini obonakalayo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngenxa yoko, i-Azure iya kuzityebisa ngokwamaleko onke eenjineli ezisebenzisa iLinux kwisikali seshishini.

umthombo: www.habr.com