Idatha enkulu idale amathuba amatsha kwikamva le-post-capitalist. Kodwa ukuthatha ithuba kuzo, idemokhrasi yethu kufuneka ikhule.
Xa i-USSR yawa, umba wocwangciso lwezoqoqosho wabonakala usonjululwe kanye. Kumzabalazo phakathi kweemarike kunye nesicwangciso, imarike iphumelele uloyiso oluqinisekileyo. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu emva kokuwa koDonga lwaseBerlin, isigwebo asisacace kangako. Ingxoxo yezemfundo nezopolitiko malunga nokucwangciswa kwezoqoqosho iyakhula kwihlabathi jikelele
Ukusuka kumguquli: itekhnoloji iyabutshintsha ubomi, kwanezinye iimeko zoqoqosho ebezingagungqi ngaphambili zinokuwa. Nali inqaku elifutshane malunga nokuba kutheni ukucwangciswa kwezoqoqosho kubuyele kwindawo ebonakalayo.
Umyinge wexesha lokufunda: imizuzu emi-5
Kukho izizathu ezithathu zembuyekezo engalindelekanga. Okokuqala, ukudodobala okukhulu koqoqosho ngo-2008. Le ngxaki ayikhange iphinde iveze ukungabi nangqiqo kweemarike, kodwa iinzame zokuyinqanda zibandakanye ungenelelo olukhulu lukarhulumente, imali kunye nolawulo. Kwihlabathi lasemva kowama-2008, ukuphumelela kwendlela yentengiso “ekhululekileyo necacileyo” ayibonakali igqibelele.
Okwesibini, ingxaki yokusingqongileyo. Xa kuziwa kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo, abantu abaninzi bacinga ngokucwangcisa, kodwa babiza enye into. Ngoku iingcali zinokuthi zibhekiselele "kwiimeko" zokusingqongileyo ezikhokelela kwixesha elizayo ngaphandle kwee-hydrocarbons. Kwingxoxo ye-Green New Deal, eyathi yavela emva kokuba i-Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez ixhase le projekthi, igama elithi "isicwangciso" aliqhelekanga ukuviwa. Kodwa umbono wokuthobela izigqibo zemveliso kunye notyalo-mali kwiinjongo zexesha elide, endaweni yenzuzo, sele ishukuma. Ucwangciso loqoqosho lusekelwe koku.
Isizathu sesithathu kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Ngokwembali, iindlela zokucwangcisa bezijongene noko kwaziwa ngokuba “yingxaki yolwazi.” Oorhulumente bobusoshiyali benkulungwane yama-20 bazame ukutshintsha iimpawu zobonelelo kunye nemfuno ngocwangciso lwangaphambili. Oku bekufanele ukuba kukhokelele kulwabiwo olunengqiqo ngakumbi lwemithombo yobutyebi (abasebenzi, izibonelelo zendalo), kwaye, ngenxa yoko, lwenza uqoqosho lube sesichengeni sobunzima kunye nentswela-ngqesho. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, oku kwakufuna ukukwazi ukuqikelela kwangaphambili oko kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nayo kunye nokunxibelelana ngale datha kwiiyunithi zemveliso.
Ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kusilele ngokuqinisekileyo kwinkulungwane yama-20. Yintoni abathengi abayifunayo, ukuba bafuna kangakanani - le miba mibini ayizange iqwalaselwe ngokufanelekileyo kwisicwangciso. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuqokelela idatha efunekayo ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi wezoqoqosho. Ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso, umntu kufuneka aqokelele ulwazi kwinqanaba le-macroeconomic, ngelixa ejongene nokungaqiniseki okungenakuphepheka kwimveliso kunye notshintsho kwizinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha. Ukuphazamiseka ekubonakalisweni kweemfuno kunye ne-inertia yezixhobo zokuvelisa kukhokelela inkqubo ekupheleni.
Omnye wemibuzo emikhulu yenkulungwane yama-21 kukuba: ngaba i-algorithms kunye nedatha enkulu iyayitshintsha imeko yale ngxaki? “", Wathi ikholamu ye-Financial Times ngoSeptemba 2017. Iiplatifti zedijithali zisisixhobo esinamandla sokubeka kunye nokulawula ulwazi. Ngokungafaniyo noko kwenzekayo kwi-USSR, le ngqungquthela ayiqhutywa ngabantu abanobuchule obulinganiselweyo bokuqonda okukhokelela kwiimpazamo kunye nenkohlakalo. Iqhutywa zii-algorithms.
I-Amazon iyazi kakhulu malunga nokukhethwa kwabathengi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Idatha enkulu yenza ukuba kube lula ukudibanisa i-macroeconomic (okanye i-quantitative) ukulungelelanisa kunye ne-microeconomic (okanye i-qualitative) ukulungelelanisa. Iiplatforms ziyakwazi ukuqokelela izixa ezikhulu zolwazi ngoko nangoko, lo gama kwangaxeshanye zilandelela izinto ozikhethayo. ISoviet Gosplan ayizange ikwazi ukufezekisa oku.
Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, isoftware yocwangciso lweshishini (ERP) ibe sisixhobo solawulo esiphambili kuwo omabini amacandelo emveliso kunye neenkonzo. Ii-ERP ezinamandla zibonelela ngembono ebanzi, yexesha lokwenyani ye-ecosystem apho iifemu zisebenza khona. Oku kuphucula kakhulu amandla olawulo kunye nenguqu.
IWalmart isebenzisa isoftware ye-HANA ukuqhuba izinto ezintsha. Idatha efunyenwe kubathengi abazizigidi ezingama-245, ngesantya sesigidi sentengiselwano ngeyure, ukusuka kubathengisi abali-17 500 esekwe kwimisebenzi yangaphakathi yeefemu, kunye nedatha yempembelelo yeshishini langaphandle (imozulu, imvakalelo yemidiya yoluntu, izalathisi zoqoqosho) yimathiriyeli ekrwada yohlalutyo. .ukukhupha izisombululo kwiingxaki ezijongene nenkampani.
Nokuba kunjalo, i-algorithms inokuba yi-socialists. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba i-Amazon, iGoogle okanye inkqubo ye-Industry 4.0 yaseJamani ilungiselela ikamva loqoqosho lwe-post-capitalist? Le ngxabano iphuhliswe nguLee Phillips kunye noMikhail Rozworski kwincwadi yabo yakutshanje . Umphathi we-Alibaba uJack Ma wamkele lo mbono :
Kule minyaka i-100 idlulileyo siye sabona ukuba uqoqosho lwemarike yeyona nkqubo igqwesileyo, kodwa ngokoluvo lwam, utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwenzekile kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idlulileyo, kwaye uqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo luya lukhula ngakumbi. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba ngokufikelela kuzo zonke iintlobo zedatha, ngoku sinokubona isandla esingabonakaliyo semarike.
Ukucwangcisa ngokucacileyo akuyongxaki yezoqoqosho ngokupheleleyo. Ungowezopolitiko. Ifuna ukulawula izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zemveliso eziya kuchaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi boluntu, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi koluntu kunye nendalo. Ngoko ke, oku kuthetha ukwenziwa nzulu kwedemokhrasi.
Ngenkulungwane yama-20, ukucwangciswa kwezoqoqosho kwakufuna imibutho yezopolitiko enegunya. Kwi-USSR, i-Gosplan bureaucracy inqume umgangatho kunye nobuninzi beemveliso eziza kuveliswa, oko kukuthi, okufuneka ukwanelisa kwaye kungenjalo. Oku kwenziwa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Kodwa olu budlelwane phakathi kobuzwilakhe kunye nesicwangciso abunakuphepheka. Ngapha koko, ubukhapitali bubangela ukuba kubekho ulawulo-melo lwezopolitiko, njengoko kuboniswa kukukhula kwe-right-wing populism koorhulumente.
Ngoku lixesha lokuba nobuchule bokuyila amaziko okudibanisa ulawulo lwentando yesininzi kuqoqosho kunye nokukhululwa komntu ekusetyenzisweni. Ucwangciso loqoqosho kufuneka luqhubeke ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. Kubekho imifuniselo emininzi ngedemokhrasi “yothatho-nxaxheba” okanye “yengxoxo” yedemokhrasi kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, amaqela ekugxilwe kuwo, iijaji zabemi, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuqala, okanye iinkomfa zemvumelwano azisetyenziswanga ukuphembelela izigqibo zemveliso.
Isithandi sobulumko esingumFrentshi uDominique Bourg uthethelela iNdibano yekamva. Ngolawulo, inokuba noxanduva lweeprojekthi zoluntu zexesha eliphakathi nelide, ezifana nezo zichaphazela ukuthomalalisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. INdibano kufuneka inikwe igunya lokwenza izigqibo ngomsebenzi wezoqoqosho. Amaziko anamhlanje amele idemokhrasi aya kuhlala, kodwa aya kuphuculwa ukuze akwazi ukumelana nemingeni yenkulungwane yama-21.
Injongo kukoyisa iingxaki zoqoqosho kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwendalo. Isicwangciso soqoqosho lwentando yesininzi sisixhobo sokubuyisela izenzo ezihlangeneyo kwaye, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuphumeza uhlobo olutsha lokuzimela.
Ngenkxaso yejelo leTelegram
Ngabasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo kuphela abanokuthatha inxaxheba kuphando. , ndiyacela.
Isicwangciso okanye imakethi?
Ukhuphiswano lwemarike yasimahla
Imarike enezithintelo zikarhulumente (Keynesianism)
Ucwangciso lwedemokhrasi ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu
Isicwangciso sikarhulumente ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi
Bangama-441 abasebenzisi abavotileyo. Abasebenzisi abangama-94 abakhange.
umthombo: www.habr.com
