Ulwimi lwaseBel lubhalwe ngolwimi lwaseBel.
Ngowe-1960, uJohn McCarthy wachaza uLisp, uhlobo olutsha lolwimi lwenkqubo. Ndithi "uhlobo olutsha" kuba uLisp yayingelolwimi olutsha nje, kodwa yindlela entsha yokuchaza iilwimi.
Ukuchaza uLisp, waqala ngeseti encinci yeenkcazo, uhlobo lwee-axioms, awathi ke wasebenzisa ukubhala itoliki yolwimi ngokwalo.
Ayizange imiselwe ukuchaza ulwimi lwenkqubo ngendlela eqhelekileyo - ulwimi olusetyenziselwa ukuxelela ikhompyuter ukuba yenze ntoni. Kumsebenzi wakhe we-1960, uLisp wayeqondwa njengemodeli esemthethweni yokubala ngokufana noMatshini wokuTungisa. UMcCarthy akazange acinge ngokuyisebenzisa kwiikhompyuter de uSteve Russell, umfundi wakhe ophumelele isidanga, wayicebisa.
ULisp ngo-1960 wayengenazo iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kwiilwimi zokucwangcisa. Umzekelo, bekungekho manani, iimpazamo okanye I/O. Ke abantu abasebenzisa iLisp njengesiseko seelwimi ezisetyenziselwa inkqubo yeekhompyuter kufuneka bongeze ezi zinto ngokwabo. Kwaye bakwenza oku ngokushiya indlela ye-axiomatic.
Ngaloo ndlela, uphuhliso lweLisp lwaqhubela phambili kwizigaba ezimbini - kwaye zibonakala zizimeleyo - inqanaba elisemthethweni, elaziswa kwiphepha le-1960, kunye nenqanaba lokuphunyezwa, apho ulwimi lwatshintshwa kwaye lwandiswa ukuba luqhutywe kwiikhomputha. Umsebenzi oyintloko, ukuba ulinganiswe ngenani lamathuba aphunyeziweyo, wenziwa kwinqanaba lokuphunyezwa. I-Lisp esuka kwi-1960, iguqulelwe kwi-Common Lisp, iqulethe imigca engama-53 kuphela. Yenza kuphela oko kuyimfuneko ukutolika amabinzana. Yonke enye into yongezwa kwinqanaba lokuphunyezwa.
I-hypothesis yam kukuba, nangona imbali yayo enzima, uLisp wazuza kwinto yokuba ukuphuhliswa kwayo kwenzeka kwizigaba ezibini; ukuba umsebenzi wokuqala wokuchaza ulwimi ngokubhala itoliki yalo kulo unike uLisp iimpawu zakhe ezizezona zibalaseleyo. Yaye ukuba kunjalo, kutheni ungaqhubeli phambili?
Bel yinzame yokuphendula umbuzo: kuthekani ukuba, endaweni yokusuka kwinqanaba elisesikweni ukuya kwinqanaba lokubulawa kwasekuqaleni, olu tshintsho lwenziwe emva kwexesha kangangoko? Ukuba uqhubeka usebenzisa indlela ye-axiomatic de ube nento ekufutshane nolwimi olupheleleyo lweprogram, yintoni i-axioms oya kuyidinga, kwaye ulwimi oluvelayo luya kubonakala njani?
Ndifuna ukucaca malunga nokuba yintoni na uBel kwaye yintoni na. Nangona ineempawu ezininzi kuneMcCarthy's 1960 Lisp, iBel iseyimveliso kwinqanaba layo elisemthethweni. NjengoLisp, ochazwe kwiphepha le-1960, ayilolwimi onokulusebenzisa ukwenza inkqubo. Ngokukodwa kuba, njengoMcCarthy's Lisp, ayikhathali ngokusebenza kakuhle. Xa ndongeza into kuBel, ndichaza intsingiselo yokongezwa ngaphandle kokuzama ukubonelela ngokuphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Yantoni? Kutheni kwandiswe inqanaba elisesikweni? Enye impendulo kukubona apho i-axiomatic approach ingasithatha khona, into leyo enomdla ngokwayo. Ukuba iikhompyuter bezinamandla ngendlela ebesingathanda ukuba zibe yiyo, beziya kujongeka njani iilwimi?
Kodwa ndiyakholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubhalwe ukuphunyezwa okusebenzayo okusekwe eBel ngokongeza izithintelo. Ukuba ufuna ulwimi olunamandla okuchaza, ukucaca, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kunokufanelekile ukuqala ngamandla acacileyo kunye nokucaca, kwaye wongeze izithintelo, kunokuba uye kwelinye icala.
Ke ukuba ufuna ukuzama ukubhala ukuphunyezwa okusekwe kuBel, qhubeka. Ndiya kuba ngomnye wabasebenzisi bokuqala.
Ekugqibeleni, ndivelise ezinye izinto ezivela kwiilwimi zangaphambili. Nokuba ngaba abayili babo bayifumene kakuhle, okanye bephenjelelwa ziziyelelane ezazisetyenziswa ngaphambili, andiyiboni impendulo eyiyo-ixesha liya kuxela. Kwakhona ndazama ukungaphambuki kakhulu kwiindibano zaseLisp. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba ubona ukusuka kwiindibano zeLisp, kunokubakho isizathu.
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Enkosi ngenguqulelo: Denis Mitropolsky
PS
umthombo: www.habr.com