Wonke umntu uyayazi imisebenzi kwi-cyberpunk genre - iincwadi ezintsha, iifilimu kunye nochungechunge lweTV malunga nehlabathi le-dystopian lobuchwepheshe bexesha elizayo livela minyaka yonke. Nangona kunjalo, i-cyberpunk ayisiyiyo yodwa indidi yeentsomi zanamhlanje. Makhe sithethe malunga neendlela zobugcisa ezinikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuzo kwaye zinyanzelise ababhali beentsomi zesayensi ukuba bajike kwezona zihloko bezingalindelekanga - ukusuka kwizithethe zabantu baseAfrika ukuya "kwinkcubeko yokuthenga".
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Ukusuka kuJonathan Swift ukuya (ngoku) oodade baseWachowski, ubugcisa obuqikelelwayo budlale indima ebalulekileyo kwimbali yanamhlanje. Iindidi zeFantasy zinike ithuba lokuqonda ngokudibeneyo utshintsho lwezentlalo kunye nobuchwepheshe obutyhutyha uluntu kwixesha lenkqubela phambili engenakunqandwa. Ngokusasazeka kweekhompyuter, i-cyberpunk kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo zaba yeyona nto iphambili kule mikhwa. Ababhali babuze imibuzo enxulumene nokuziphatha kwi-IT yobudala, indima yabantu kwihlabathi elizenzekelayo, kunye nokutshintshwa kwedijithali kweemveliso ze-analog.
Kodwa ngoku, ngonyaka we-20 yesikhumbuzo seMatrix, ukufaneleka kwe-cyberpunk kuyabuzwa. Uninzi lwale misebenzi lubonakala luqilima kakhulu - uqikelelo lwabo oluhle kunzima ukukholelwa. Ukongezelela, isiseko se-cyberpunk universes sihlala sihluke phakathi "kweteknoloji ephezulu kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wokuphila" (ubomi obuphantsi, iteknoloji ephezulu). Nangona kunjalo, le meko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ikhangeleka kangakanani na, asiyiyo yodwa enokwenzeka.
Iintsomi zenzululwazi aziphelelanga kwi-cyberpunk kuphela. Kutshanje bawela iindlela izihlandlo ezininzi, amasebe abo amatsha avela, kwaye izalathiso ze-niche zangena kwi-mainstream.
Ixesha langoku njengendlela yokuyila ikamva: mythopunk
Inkcubeko yehlabathi ihleli ingumonopoly wehlabathi laseNtshona. Kodwa amaqela eentlanga amancinane enza inxalenye enkulu yabemi bayo. Enkosi kwi-Intanethi kunye nenkqubela phambili, uninzi lwazo zinelizwi eliviwa kude ngaphaya kwe-diaspora. Ngaphezu koko, badlala indima ekhulayo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Izazi ngezentlalo ziqikelela ukuba oko kubizwa ngokuba yimpucuko “yaseYurophu” ekugqibeleni isenokuphulukana nesikhundla sayo esiphambili. Yintoni eya kuthatha indawo yayo? I-Mythopunk, ingakumbi iinxalenye zayo ze-Afrofuturism kunye ne-Chaohuan, ijongene nalo mba. Bathatha njengesiseko iinkqubo zentsomi kunye nezentlalo ezahlukileyo kwezo zikhoyo ngoku, kwaye bacinge ngelizwe elizayo elakhiwe ngokwemigaqo yabo.
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Eyokuqala isebenza kudidi lwe-Afrofuturism emva phaya ngeminyaka yee-1950, xa imvumi yeJazz uSun Ra () waqala ukudibanisa kumsebenzi wakhe intsomi yempucuko yaseAfrika yamandulo kunye ne-aesthetics yexesha lokuhlola indawo. Yaye kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo lo mkhwa uye wanwenwa ngokubanzi ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili. Omnye wemizekelo ephawulekayo ye-Afrofuturism yanamhlanje "eqhelekileyo" yi-Hollywood blockbuster "Black Panther". Ngaphandle kwe-cinema kunye , uhlobo lwazibonakalisa kuyo kunye nobugcisa obubonakalayo - abantu abanomdla kuyo banento yokufunda, ukubukela kunye nokuphulaphula.
Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, inkcubeko yaseTshayina iye yabonakala ngakumbi. Ngapha koko, kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX kuphela, eli lizwe liye lafumana iinguqulelo ezimbini, “ummangaliso wezoqoqosho” kunye nokutshintsha kwenkcubeko engenakulinganiswa nanto ehlabathini lonke. Ukususela kwilizwe lesithathu lehlabathi, i-China iye yajika yaba yi-geopolitical power - apho kuphela izolo kwakukho izindlu zokhuni, kukho i-skyscrapers, kwaye inkqubela eqhubekayo ayivumeli ukuba umntu ayeke kwaye aqonde ukubaluleka kwendlela ehamba ngayo.
Sesi sikhewu abazama ukusivala ababhali beentsomi zenzululwazi basekuhlaleni. Ababhali bohlobo lwe-chaohuan (isiNgesi i-chaohuan, eguqulelwe ngokuthi "i-ultra-unreality") idlulisa izixhobo ze-classical science fiction nge-prism of existentialism. Unokuqala ukuqhelana noncwadi olunjalo nomntu ophumelele amaBhaso eHugo, incwadi ethi “» Umbhali waseTshayina uLiu Cixin. Ibali apho lijikeleza isazi seenkwenkwezi esisetyhini esimema abaphambukeli eMhlabeni kwindawo ephakamileyo yeNguqulelo yeNkcubeko eTshayina.
Olu lwathiso luphuhlisa kwakhona kubugcisa obubonakalayo kunye nemultimedia. Omnye umzekelo sisincoko sevidiyo "Sinofuturism" ngumculi we-multimedia uLawrence Lek, uhlobo lwengqokelela yeengcamango malunga ne "XNUMXst century China" (kwividiyo engentla).
Ixesha elidlulileyo njengendlela yokuqonda okwangoku: isekai kunye ne-retrofuturism
Imisebenzi yolunye uhlobo lwembali iyakhula. Endaweni yokucinga ngekamva, ngakumbi nangakumbi ababhali bakhetha ukuyila imbali ngokutsha. Iploti, ixesha kunye nendawo yebali kwiincwadi ezinjalo ziyahluka, kodwa eminye imigaqo ihlala ixhaphakile.
I-Retrofuturism icingela enye impucuko engazange ihambe ngendlela yedijithali kwaye yakha i-empire zobuchwepheshe isebenzisa ezinye izixhobo: ukusuka kwitekhnoloji yomphunga (i-steampunk eqhelekileyo) ukuya kwiinjini zedizili (i-dieselpunk) okanye iteknoloji yamatye (stonepunk). I-aesthetics yemisebenzi enjalo ihlala ithatha iingcinga zabo kwiintsomi zesayensi zakuqala. Iincwadi ezifana nezi zisivumela ukuba siphinde sihlole indima yezixhobo zedijithali kwaye sijonge ngokutsha iimbono zethu malunga nekamva.
Isekai (igama lesiJapan elithetha “elilinye ihlabathi”), “ingcamango yesango” okanye, ngesiRashiya, “iincwadi ezithetha ngabantu abawayo” zibuza imibuzo efanayo yexesha elidluleyo. Ezi ngcamango zidityaniswe "ngokuhlutha" iqhawe kwizinto zanamhlanje kunye nokumbeka kwelinye ilizwe - ubukumkani bomlingo, umdlalo wekhompyutheni, okanye, kwakhona, ixesha elidlulileyo. Kulula ukubona ukuba kutheni olu hlobo luthandwa kangaka. Ukusinda kunye nomnqweno wokubuyela "kumaxesha alula", apho kukho izikhokelo ezicacileyo zokulungileyo nokubi, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nto. Amaqhawe emisebenzi malunga namaxhoba akhulula ixesha elidlulileyo, asuse i-ambivalence. Umgangatho womsebenzi kolu hlobo - nokuba luopopayi okanye iincwadi - ihlala ishiya into enqwenelekayo. Kodwa ekubeni ubugcisa obunjalo buthandwa, kukho isizathu soko. Njengemisebenzi yezinye iindidi zeentsomi zenzululwazi, le misebenzi ithetha okuninzi malunga nexesha lethu.
Ixesha langoku lifana nexesha elidlulileyo: i-vaporwave
I-Vaporwave mhlawumbi iyona nto ingaqhelekanga kwiintlobo. Okokuqala, usemncinci ngendlela emangalisayo. Ukuba zonke iindlela ezichazwe ngasentla zikhona kwimo enye okanye enye ixesha elide, ngoko i-vaporwave iyimveliso yekhulu lama-XNUMX. Okwesibini, njenge-Afrofuturism, olu hlobo luneengcambu zomculo- kwaye luqala ngoku “ukugqobhoza” kwezinye iindlela zobugcisa. Okwesithathu, ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zigxeka ngokuphandle uluntu lwanamhlanje, i-vaporwave ayigwebi ixabiso.
Umxholo we-vaporwave lixesha langoku kunye noluntu lwabathengi. Kuluntu lwanamhlanje, kuyisiko ukwahlula inkcubeko ibe "phezulu" kunye "ephantsi". Inkcubeko “ephakamileyo” maxa wambi ichazwa kukuzingca nokunganyaniseki. Yaye inkcubeko ephantsi—inkcubeko “yokuthenga, isaphulelo neendawo zokuthenga”—ayinazo ezi mpawu, nto leyo eyenza ibe bubudenge ngakumbi yaye, ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, “yokwenene” ngakumbi. I-Vaporwave ijongana nale nkcubeko "iphantsi" kakhulu-umzekelo, isonga umculo wevenkile enkulu kunye ne "conveyor belt" iingoma zepop ukusuka kwi-80s "kwiqokobhe lobugcisa".
Isiphumo siyaxaka kwaye sinxulumene ngendlela emangalisayo. Uninzi lwabantu luqhelene nohlobo lokubulela kumsebenzi weemvumi BLACK BANSHEE kunye neMacintosh Plus. Kodwa ezinye iintshukumo kubugcisa ziqala ukujongisisa le aesthetics. Ke, kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo iNetflix yakhupha uthotho lweeanimated kumoya we-vaporwave obizwa ngokuba . Njengoko igama libonisa, kunjalo eNeo Yokio, isixeko esivela kwixesha elizayo apho abalwi abatyebileyo beedemon badaya iinwele zabo ezipinki kwaye baxoxe ngeempahla zomyili.
Kambe ke, iintsomi zenzululwazi zale mihla azipheleliselwanga kwezi ntlobo zoncwadi. Noko ke, banokusixelela okuninzi ngeminqweno yethu nezicwangciso zethu zekamva. Kwaye, njengoko kuvela, ayizizo zonke ezi zicwangciso ezidityaniswe nezinto ezoyikisayo zophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yekhompyuter - ngokuqhelekileyo, naxa bechaza ikamva, ababhali beengcamango zesayensi babeka injongo yokucinga kwakhona okanye "ukuphilisa" ixesha elidlulileyo.
umthombo: www.habr.com