Ubuntu 20.04 LTS ukukhutshwa kokusasazwa

yathatha indawo ukukhutshwa kokusasazwa Ubuntu 20.04 "Focal Fossa", ehlelwa njengenkxaso yexesha elide (LTS) yokukhululwa, apho uhlaziyo lwenziwa kwithuba leminyaka emi-5 ukuya kutsho ngo-Aprili 2025. Ufakelo kunye nemifanekiso yokuqalisa yenzelwe Ubuntu, Ubuntu Server, Lubuntu, Kubuntu, Ubuntu Mate, Ubuntu
Budgie, Ubuntu Studio, Xubuntu kunye no-UbuntuKylin (uhlelo lwaseTshayina).

Siseko utshintsho:

• Idesktop ihlaziywe ngaphambi kokukhululwa GNOME 3.36, eyazisa imo ethi "ungaphazamisi" ukufihla okwethutyana izaziso, yongeza isicelo esahlukileyo sokulawula izongezo kwi-GNOME Shell, iphuculwe uyilo lokungena kunye nokuvula isikrini ujongano, yahlengahlengisa uninzi lweengxoxo zenkqubo, kwaye yongeza umsebenzi. ukuqaliswa kwezicelo usebenzisa i-GPU ecacileyo kwiinkqubo ezinemizobo exubileyo, ukukwazi ukuqamba ngokutsha abalawuli kunye nezicelo kuphunyeziwe kwimowudi yokujonga, ukhetho lokuvumela inkqubo yolawulo lwabazali yongezwe kwiwizadi yokuseta yokuqala, njl.
  

• Umxholo weYaru ongagqibekanga uhlengahlengiswe, apho, ukongeza kubumnyama obukhoyo ngaphambili (iintloko ezimnyama, imvelaphi emnyama kunye nolawulo olumnyama) kunye nokukhanya (iintloko ezimnyama, imvelaphi ekhanyayo kunye nolawulo lokukhanya), inketho yesithathu yokukhanya ngokupheleleyo iya kuvela. Uyilo olutsha lwemenyu yesixokelelwano kunye nemenyu yesicelo sele icetyiwe. Kongezwe ii-icon zolawulo olutsha ezilungiselelwe ukuboniswa kukukhanya kunye nemvelaphi emnyama.
  

  Ujongano olutsha luphunyeziwe ekutshintsheni iinketho zomxholo.

  

• Ukusebenza kwe-GNOME Shell kunye nomphathi wefestile iye yalungiswa. Umthwalo ocuthiweyo we-CPU kunye nolibaziseko olucuthiweyo ngexesha lonikezelo lopopayi xa kusenziwa iifestile, ukuhambisa imawusi, kunye nokuvula imowudi yokujonga.
• Inkxaso eyongeziweyo ye-10-bit yobunzulu bombala.
• Kwi-X11, inkxaso yokulinganisa ngokweqhezu sele iphunyeziwe, ebifumaneka ngaphambili kuphela xa usebenzisa i-Wayland. Eli nqaku likuvumela ukuba ukhethe ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bezinto kwizikrini ezinoxinano lwepixel ephezulu (HiDPI), umzekelo, unokwandisa izinto ezibonisiweyo zojongano hayi ngamaxesha ama-2, kodwa ngo-1.5.
• Yongeza isikrini esitsha se-splash esivela kwi-boot.
• I-icon yokukhangela ngokukhawuleza kwivenkile ye-intanethi ye-Amazon isusiwe.
• I-Linux kernel ihlaziywe ukuba ikhululwe 5.4. Njengoko ekukhululweni kwekwindla, i-algorithm ye-LZ4 isetyenziselwa ukucinezela i-kernel kunye nomfanekiso wokuqala we-boot we-initramfs, onciphisa ixesha lokuqalisa ngenxa yokunciphisa idatha ngokukhawuleza. Utshintsho oluphawulekayo xa kuthelekiswa ne-4.15 kernel esetyenziswa ku-Ubuntu 18.04 LTS ibandakanya inkxaso ye-AMD Rome CPU, i-Radeon RX Vega M kunye ne-Navi GPU, i-Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 SoC, iiplatifomu ze-Intel Cannon Lake, i-Raspberry Pi 2B, 3B, 3A+, 3B+ iibhodi, i-CM3, I-CM3 + kunye ne-4B, ukuphuculwa okuphawulekayo kulawulo lwamandla, ukuphuculwa kwe-USB 3.2 kunye nenkxaso ye-Type-C, i-API entsha yokunyuka, i-interface ye-io_uring, i-pidfd kunye ne-AMD SEV (i-Secure Encrypted Virtualization) inkxaso kwi-KVM.
• Amacandelo enkqubo ehlaziyiweyo kunye nezixhobo zophuhliso: Glibc 2.31, BlueZ 5.53, OpenJDK 11, rustc 1.41, GCC 9.3, Python 3.8.2, ruby ​​​​2.7.0, Ruby kwiRails 5.2.3, php 7.4, 5.30 hamba 1.13.
• Usetyenziso oluhlaziyiweyo lwabasebenzisi kunye nemizobo:
  Mesa 20.0, Qt 5.12.8, PulseAudio 14.0-pre, Firefox 75.0, Thunderbird 68.7.0, LibreOffice 6.4.2, GIMP 2.10.18, VLC 3.0.9.

• Usetyenziso oluhlaziyiweyo lweeseva kunye nokubonakala:
  I-QEMU 4.2, i-libvirt 6.0, i-Bind 9.16, i-HAProxy 2.0, i-OpenSSH 8.2 (ngenkxaso ye-FIDO/U2F iithokheni zokuqinisekisa izinto ezimbini kunye nokukwazi ukubeka izicwangciso kwi /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf). I-Apache httpd inenkxaso ye-TLSv1.3 eyenziwe yasebenza.

• Inkxaso eyongeziweyo yeVPN WireGuard.
• I-daemon yongqamaniso lwexesha lekhrony ihlaziywe kwinguqulo ye-3.5 kwaye yongezwa yodwa kwinkqubo ngokuqhagamshela isihluzo sokufowuna.
• Ukuphuhliswa kwesakhono sokulinga ukufaka kwi-root partition kunye ne-ZFS iqhubekile. Ukuphunyezwa kwe-ZFSonLinux kuhlaziywe ukukhulula 0.8.3 kunye nenkxaso ye-encryption, ukukhutshwa okushushu kwezixhobo, umyalelo we "zpool trim", ukukhawuleza kwemiyalelo "ye-scrub" kunye ne "resilver". Ukulawula i-ZFS, i-zsys daemon iyaphuhliswa, ekuvumela ukuba usebenzise iinkqubo ezininzi ezihambelanayo kunye ne-ZFS kwikhompyutheni enye, i-automates indalo ye-snapshots kwaye ilawula ukuhanjiswa kwedatha yenkqubo kunye nedatha eguqukayo ngexesha leseshoni yomsebenzisi. Ii-snapshots ezahlukeneyo zinokuqulatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo kwaye zitshintshe phakathi kwazo. Umzekelo, kwimeko yeengxaki emva kokufaka uhlaziyo, ungabuyela kwisimo esidala esizinzileyo ngokukhetha i-snapshot yangaphambili. Izifinyezo zinokusetyenziselwa ukungafihli kunye nokugcina ngokuzenzekela idatha yomsebenzisi.
• Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhutshwa kwe-LTS yangaphambili, iSitolo se-Snap sithathe indawo ye-Ubuntu Software njengojongano olungagqibekanga lokufumana kunye nokufaka iiphakheji eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-snap.
• Ukuqulunqwa kweepakethe zoyilo lwe-i386 kumisiwe. Ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kweenkqubo zelifa ezihlala kuphela kwifom ye-32-bit okanye zifuna amathala eencwadi angama-32, ukudibanisa kunye nokuhanjiswa kubonelelwe. iseti eyahlukileyo Iiphakheji zethala leencwadi ze-32-bit.
• Kwinkqubo netplan.io, esetyenziselwa ukugcina izicwangciso zojongano lwenethiwekhi, inkxaso eyongeziweyo yokuqwalasela izixhobo zenethiwekhi ye-virtual SR-IOV, iimodem ze-GSM (nge-NetworkManager backend), i-WiFi parameters (bssid/band/channel). Kuyenzeka kwakhona ukuseta ipv6-idilesi-yesizukulwana ukhetho lweNethiwekhi yomphathi kunye ne-emit-lldp yothungelwano.
• I-Python 3.8 yongezwe kwisiseko sokusabalalisa, kwaye iipakethe zePython 2.7 zihanjiswe kwindawo yokugcina indawo yonke kwaye azithunyelwanga ngokungagqibekanga. Iiphakheji eziseleyo zePython 2.7 kunikezelo ziguqulwe ukuze zisebenzise itoliki /usr/bin/python2. Ifayile /usr/bin/python ayisafakwanga ngokungagqibekanga (iphakheji yepython-is-python3 iyafuneka ukwenza /usr/bin/python ebotshelelwe kwiPython 3).
• Ngokungagqibekanga, kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezixhaswayo, umfanekiso we-iso we-Ubuntu Server unikezelwa kunye ne-Subiquity installer eyenza ukufakela kwimowudi ephilayo. Ubungakanani buxhasa imisebenzi efana nokwahlulahlula kwedisk, ukhetho lolwimi kunye noyilo lwebhodi yezitshixo, ukuyilwa komsebenzisi, uqwalaselo loqhagamshelo lwenethiwekhi, iRAID, iLVM, uqwalaselo lweVLAN kunye nokudityaniswa kojongano lwenethiwekhi. Phakathi kwezinto ezintsha, kukho imowudi yokufakela ezenzekelayo usebenzisa iprofayili ye-JSON kunye nokukwazi ukufaka i-bootloader kwiidiski ezininzi ngexesha elinye (ukuze ukwazi ukuqala kuyo nayiphi na enye ukuba i-bootloader yonakalisiwe). Ukongezelela, kwenziwe izilungiso ukuze kube lula ukusetyenziswa kwe-encryption, ukufakwa kwiidiski ze-multipath, kunye nokwandisa ukuthembeka kokusebenzisa iidiski kunye nezinye iinkqubo esele zifakiwe.
• В Kubuntu I-KDE Plasma 5.18 desktop, KDE Applications 19.12.3 kunye ne-Qt 5.12.5 framework ziyanikezelwa. Umdlali womculo omiselweyo ngu-Elisa 19.12.3, owathatha indawo yeCantata. I-latte-dock ehlaziyiweyo 0.9.10, KDEConnect 1.4.0, Krita 4.2.9, Kdevelop 5.5.0. Inkxaso ye KDE4 kunye ne Qt4 izicelo ziyekiwe. I KDE PIM isusiwe kunikezelo lwesiseko kwaye kufuneka ngoku ifakwe kwindawo yokugcina. Iseshoni yovavanyo esekelwe kwi-Wayland iphakanyisiwe (emva kokufaka iphakheji ye-plasma-workspace-wayland, into ekhethwayo ethi "Plasma (Wayland)" ibonakala kwisikrini sokungena).
  

• Ubuntu MATE 20.04: MATE desktop ihlaziywe kuguqulelo 1.24. Yongezwe ujongano lohlaziyo lwe-firmware usebenzisa fwupd. ICompiz kunye neCompton zisusiwe kusasazo. Kubonelelwe ngomboniso wee-thumbnails zefestile kwiqela lenjongo, ujongano lokutshintsha umsebenzi (Alt-Tab) kunye nedesktop switcher. I-applet entsha yokubonisa izaziso iye yacetywa. I-Evolution isetyenziswa njengomthengi we-imeyile endaweni yeThunderbird. Xa ufaka abaqhubi be-NVIDIA abanini, abanokuthi bakhethwe kwi-installer, i-applet inikezelwa ukutshintsha phakathi kwe-GPU ezahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo ezinemizobo ye-hybrid (NVIDIA Optimus).
  
• Ubuntu Budgie: Ngokungagqibekanga, iapplet enemenu yesicelo yenziwe yasebenza ISylish kunye neapplet yayo yokulawula useto lwenethiwekhi.
  Ujongano olongeziweyo lokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza uyilo lwedesktop (Budgie, Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Budgie, Cupertino, Lowo
  kunye neRedmond).
  Iphakheji ephambili ibandakanya i-GNOME Firmware kunye ne-GNOME Drawing applications.
  Ukudityaniswa okuphuculweyo kunye ne-GNOME 3.36. I-Budgie desktop ihlaziywe ukuba ibe yinguqulo 10.5.1. Iisetingi ezongeziweyo zochasa ukuchasa kunye nokuthantamisa kwefonti. Ngokungagqibekanga, iapplet yetreyi yesixokelelwano ivaliwe (ngenxa yeengxaki zokusebenza). IiApplets zilungiselelwe izikrini zeHiDPI.
  

• Ubuntu Studio: ULawulo lweSitudiyo se-Ubuntu lwahlula useto lweJack Master, izixhobo ezongezelelweyo kunye neengqimba zePulseAudio. I-RaySession ehlaziyiweyo 0.8.3, i-Audacity 2.3.3, iHydrogen 1.0.0-beta2, iCarla 2.1-RC2,
  I-Blender 2.82, KDEnlive 19.12.3, Krita 4.2.9, GIMP 2.10.18,
  Ardor 5.12.0, Scribus 1.5.5, Darktable 2.6.3, Pitivi 0.999, Inkscape 0.92.4, OBS Studio 25.0.3, MyPaint 2.0.0, Rawtherapee 5.8.

• В Xubuntu Ukuvela komxholo omnyama kwaphawulwa. Uyilo lwe-interfaces yesicelo efakwe kwiipakethe ze-deb, i-snap kunye ne-flatpak iye yadityaniswa. Iphakheji ye-apt-offline, efuna i-Python 2 ukuba isebenze, kunye ne-pidgin-libnotify package, isusiwe kwiphakheji yesiseko. Xfce 4.14 iinguqulelo zesicelo zihlaziyiwe.
  

• ILubuntu 20.04 yaba lukhupho lokuqala lwe-LTS ukubonelela ngendawo ehlala ikho yegraphical LXQt (iinqanawa zikhulula i-0.14.1) endaweni ye-LXDE. I-Discover Software Centre 5.18.4 isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukufakwa kwezicelo.
  

• Yakhiwe indibano Ubuntu ngeDeepin desktop. Iprojekthi iselushicilelo olungekho semthethweni lwe-Ubuntu, kodwa abaphuhlisi bosasazo bathethathethana neCanonical ukubandakanya UbuntuDDE kunikezelo olusemthethweni lwe-Ubuntu.

umthombo: opennet.ru