(Kwabo sele befunde iindawo ezidlulileyo zoguqulo lwale ntetho, buyela umva ukuya ) [UHamming uthetha ngendlela engaqondakaliyo kakhulu kwiindawo, ke ukuba unazo naziphi na iingcebiso zokuphucula ukuguqulelwa kwamaqhekeza ngamanye, nceda ubhale kumyalezo wakho.]
Le ntetho yayingekho kwishedyuli, kodwa kwafuneka yongezwe ukunqanda ifestile phakathi kweeklasi. Intetho imalunga nendlela esiyazi ngayo into esiyaziyo, ukuba, ewe, siyayazi ngokwenene. Esi sihloko sidala njengexesha - sixoxiwe kwiminyaka engama-4000 edlulileyo, ukuba ayisekho. Kwifilosofi, igama elikhethekileyo lenziwe ukulichaza-i-epistemology, okanye inzululwazi yolwazi.
Ndingathanda ukuqala ngezizwe zamandulo zamandulo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngamnye kubo kwakukho intsomi malunga nokudalwa kwehlabathi. Ngokutsho kwenye inkolelo yamandulo yaseJapan, umntu othile wavusa udaka, kwavela amathontsi eziqithi. Nabanye abantu babeneentsomi ezifanayo: ngokomzekelo, amaSirayeli ayekholelwa ukuba uThixo wadala ihlabathi kangangeentsuku ezintandathu, emva koko wadinwa waza wayigqiba indalo. Zonke ezi ntsomi ziyafana - nangona izicwangciso zabo zahluke kakhulu, zonke zizama ukucacisa ukuba kutheni ihlabathi likhona. Le ndlela yokufundisa ndiza kuyibiza ngokuba yeyobuthixo kuba ayibandakanyi ngcaciso ngaphandle kokuba “yenzeka ngokuthanda koothixo; benza into ababecinga ukuba iyimfuneko, ibe kwadalwa ngaloo ndlela ke ihlabathi.”
Malunga nenkulungwane yesi-6 BC. e. Iintanda-bulumko zaseGrisi yamandulo zaqala ukubuza imibuzo ethe ngqo-into ekhoyo kweli hlabathi, ziphi iinxalenye zalo, kwaye zazama ukusondela kubo ngokwengqiqo kunokuba zifundise. Njengoko kusaziwa, bagxininisa izakhi: umhlaba, umlilo, amanzi kunye nomoya; babenezinye iimbono neenkolelo ezininzi, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo zonke ezi zatshintshwa zaba ziimbono zethu zale mihla zento esiyaziyo. Nangona kunjalo, esi sihloko siye saphazamisa abantu ixesha elide, kwaye namaGrike amandulo ayezibuza ukuba ayazi njani into abayaziyo.
Njengoko uya kukhumbula kwingxubusho yethu yezibalo, amaGrike amandulo ayekholelwa ukuba ijometri, apho imathematika yayilinganiselwe, yayilulwazi oluthembekileyo nolungenakuphikiswa ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, njengoko uMaurice Kline, umbhali wencwadi ethi “Mathematics,” wabonisayo. Ukungaqinisekanga,” nto leyo inkoliso yeengcali zezibalo evumelana nayo, akuyonyaniso kwizibalo. IMathematika ibonelela kuphela ngokungaguquguqukiyo xa kunikwa isethi yemigaqo yokuqiqa. Ukuba utshintsha le migaqo okanye uqikelelo olusetyenzisiweyo, imathematika iya kwahluka kakhulu. Akukho nyaniso ipheleleyo, ngaphandle kweMithetho Elishumi (ukuba ungumKristu), kodwa, yeha, akukho nto inxulumene nomxholo wengxoxo yethu. Ayimnandanga.
Kodwa unokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela kwaye ufumane izigqibo ezahlukeneyo. UDescartes, eqwalasele iingcamango zeentanda-bulumko ezininzi phambi kwakhe, wathabatha umva waza wabuza lo mbuzo: “Kuncinane kangakanani na endingaqiniseka ngako?”; Njengempendulo, wakhetha ibinzana elithi “Ndiyacinga, ngoko ndinguye.” Kule ngxelo wazama ukufumana ifilosofi kunye nokufumana ulwazi oluninzi. Le ntanda-bulumko ayizange ingqinwe ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko asizange sifumane ulwazi. UKant uthe wonke umntu uzalwa enolwazi oluqinileyo lwe-Euclidean geometry, kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kukho ulwazi lwendalo olunikwayo, ukuba uyathanda, nguThixo. Ngelishwa, kanye njengokuba uKant wayebhala iingcinga zakhe, iingcali zezibalo zazisenza iijiyometri ezingezizo eze-Euclidean ezazingaguquguquki njengeprototype yazo. Kwavela ukuba uKant wayephosa amazwi emoyeni, njengaye wonke umntu owayezama ukuqiqa malunga nendlela ayazi ngayo into ayaziyo.
Esi sihloko esibalulekileyo, kuba isayensi ihlala iguqulelwe kubungqina: unokuhlala uva ukuba isayensi ibonise oku, ibonakaliswe ukuba iya kuba njalo; siyayazi le nto, siyayazi loo nto - kodwa ngaba siyayazi? Ingaba uqinisekile? Ndiza kujonga le mibuzo ngokweenkcukacha. Masikhumbule umthetho ovela kwibhayoloji: i-ontogeny iphinda i-phylogeny. Kuthetha ukuba ukuphuhliswa komntu, ukusuka kwiqanda eliqhamileyo ukuya kumfundi, kuphinda ngokucwangcisiweyo yonke inkqubo yangaphambili yendaleko. Ngaloo ndlela, izazinzulu zithi ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwe-embryonic, i-gill slits ibonakala kwaye iyanyamalala kwakhona, ngoko ke bacinga ukuba ookhokho bethu abakude babeyintlanzi.
Kuvakala kulungile ukuba awucingi ngayo ngokunzulu kakhulu. Oku kunika umbono olungileyo wendlela indaleko esebenza ngayo, ukuba uyayikholelwa. Kodwa ndiza kuhamba kancinci ndibuze: bafunda njani abantwana? Balufumana njani ulwazi? Mhlawumbi bazalwa benolwazi olumiselwe kwangaphambili, kodwa oko kuvakala kusisiqhwala. Ukunyaniseka, ayiqinisekisi kakhulu.
Benza ntoni ke abantwana? Banethuku elithile, ukuthobela oko, abantwana baqala ukwenza izandi. Benza zonke ezi zandi esidla ngokuzibiza ngokuba kukubhibhidla, kwaye oku kubhibhidla akubonakali kuxhomekeke kwindawo umntwana azalelwe kuyo - eTshayina, eRussia, eNgilani okanye eMelika, abantwana baya kubhakraza ngendlela efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubhibhidla kuya kukhula ngokwahlukileyo kuxhomekeke kwilizwe. Ngokomzekelo, xa umntwana waseRashiya esithi igama elithi "mama" izihlandlo ezimbalwa, uya kufumana impendulo eyakhayo kwaye ngoko uya kuphinda ezi zandi. Ngokusebenzisa amava, ufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izandi ezinceda ekufezekiseni into ayifunayo nezingayifuniyo, aze ke afunde izinto ezininzi.
Mandikukhumbuze oko sele ndithethe izihlandlo eziliqela - akukho gama lokuqala kwisichazi-magama; igama ngalinye lichazwa ngamanye, nto leyo ethetha ukuba isichazi-magama sisangqa. Ngendlela efanayo, xa umntwana ezama ukwakha ukulandelelana okuhambelanayo kwezinto, unobunzima bokuhlangabezana nokungahambelani okufuneka alungise, kuba akukho nto yokuqala ukuba umntwana afunde, kwaye "umama" akahlali esebenza. Ukubhideka kuvela, umzekelo, njengokuba ndiza kubonisa ngoku. Nali iqhula elidumileyo laseMelika:
amazwi engoma edumileyo (ngovuyo ndingawuthwala umnqamlezo, ndiwuthwale ngovuyo umnqamlezo wakho)
kunye nendlela abantwana abayiva ngayo (ngovuyo ibhere elinqamlezileyo, ngovuyo ibhere eliphambanayo)
(NgesiRashiya: ivayolin-impungutye/ivili levili, mna ndiyi-emerald ephelelwayo/iicores ziyi-emeraldi esulungekileyo, ukuba ufuna iibhulu iiplum/ukuba ufuna ukonwaba, beka i-shit-esile yakho/ikhulu amanyathelo ngasemva.)
Kwakhona ndajamelana nobunzima obunjalo, kungekhona kule meko, kodwa kukho iimeko ezininzi ebomini bam endandizikhumbula xa ndandicinga ukuba oko ndandikufunda noko ndandikuthetha mhlawumbi kwakuchanile, kodwa abo babendingqongileyo, ingakumbi abazali bam, babeqonda okuthile. .. yahluke ngokupheleleyo.
Apha unokujonga iimpazamo ezinzulu kwaye ubone ukuba zenzeka njani. Umntwana ujongene nesidingo sokwenza uqikelelo malunga nentsingiselo yamagama kulwimi kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe afunde iindlela ezichanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukulungisa iimpazamo ezinjalo kunokuthatha ixesha elide. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqiniseke ukuba baye balungiswa ngokupheleleyo nangoku.
Ungaya kude kakhulu ungayiqondi into oyenzayo. Sele ndithethe ngomhlobo wam, ongugqirha wenzululwazi yezibalo osuka kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard. Xa wathweswa isidanga eHarvard, wathi uyakwazi ukubala derivative ngenkcazelo, kodwa akayiqondi ngokwenene, uyazi nje indlela yokwenza oko. Oku kuyinyaniso kwizinto ezininzi esizenzayo. Ukukhwela ibhayisekile, ibhodi yokutyibiliza, ukuqubha nezinye izinto ezininzi, akuyomfuneko ukuba siyazi indlela yokuzenza. Kubonakala ngathi ulwazi lungaphezu kokuba lunokuchazwa ngamazwi. Ndiyathandabuza ukuthi awukwazi ukukhwela ibhayisekile, nokuba awukwazi ukundixelela ukuba njani, kodwa uhamba phambi kwam ngevili elinye. Ngaloo ndlela, ulwazi lunokwahluka kakhulu.
Makhe sishwankathele into endiyithethileyo. Kukho abantu abakholelwa ukuba sinolwazi lwendalo; Ukuba uqwalasela imeko xa iyonke, unokuvumelana noku, uqwalasela, ngokomzekelo, ukuba abantwana banotyekelo lwemvelo lokukhupha izandi. Ukuba umntwana wazalelwa eTshayina, uya kufunda ukubiza izandi ezininzi ukuze afezekise oko akufunayo. Ukuba wazalelwa eRashiya, uya kwenza izandi ezininzi. Ukuba wazalelwa eMelika, useza kwenza izandi ezininzi. Ulwimi ngokwalo alubalulekanga kangako apha.
Kwelinye icala, umntwana unamandla okufunda naluphi na ulwimi njengazo zonke ezinye iilwimi. Ukhumbula ukulandelelana kwezandi aze abone ukuba zithetha ukuthini. Ufanele anikele intsingiselo kwezi zandi ngokwakhe, ekubeni kungekho nxalenye yokuqala anokuyikhumbula. Bonisa umntwana wakho ihashe uze umbuze: “Ngaba igama elithi “ihashe” ligama lehashe? Okanye ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba unemilenze emine? Mhlawumbi lo ngumbala wakhe? Ukuba uzama ukuxelela umntwana ukuba yintoni ihashe ngokubonisa, umntwana akayi kukwazi ukuphendula loo mbuzo, kodwa yiloo nto uthetha ngayo. Umntwana akayi kukwazi ukuba loluphi udidi amakahlule kweli gama. Okanye, umzekelo, thatha isenzi “ukubaleka.” Ingasetyenziswa xa uhamba ngokukhawuleza, kodwa unokuthi kwakhona imibala yehempe yakho iye yaphela emva kokuhlamba, okanye ukukhalaza malunga nokukhawuleza kwewotshi.
Umntwana ufumana ubunzima obukhulu, kodwa ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva ulungisa iimpazamo zakhe, evuma ukuba wayeqonda into ephosakeleyo. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, abantwana baye banciphe ngokukwazi ukwenza oku, kwaye xa sele bekhulile ngokwaneleyo, abasakwazi ukutshintsha. Ngokucacileyo, abantu banokuphazama. Ngokomzekelo, khumbula abo bakholelwa ukuba unguNapoleon. Akukhathaliseki nokuba bungakanani ubungqina obunikelayo kumntu onjalo ukuba oku akunjalo, uya kuqhubeka ekholelwa kuyo. Uyazi, baninzi abantu abaneenkolelo eziqinileyo ongavumelaniyo nazo. Ekubeni usenokukholelwa ukuba iinkolelo zabo ziphambene, ukuthi kukho indlela eqinisekileyo yokufumanisa ulwazi olutsha akuyonyaniso ngokupheleleyo. Uya kuthi kule: "Kodwa isayensi icocekile kakhulu!" Makhe sijonge indlela yenzululwazi kwaye sibone ukuba oku kuyinyani.
Enkosi kuSergei Klimov ngenguqulelo.
10-43: Omnye umntu uthi: “Isazinzulu siyazi inzululwazi kanye njengokuba intlanzi isazi nge-hydrodynamics.” Akukho ngcaciso yeNzululwazi apha. Ndifumanise (ndicinga ukuba bendikhe ndakuxelela oku ngaphambili) kwenye indawo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ootitshala abohlukeneyo bebendixelela ngezifundo ezahlukeneyo kwaye bendibona ukuba ootitshala abohlukeneyo bathetha ngezifundo ezifanayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, kwangaxeshanye ndajonga into esasiyenza kwaye yayiyinto eyahlukileyo kwakhona.
Ngoku, mhlawumbi uthe, "senza imifuniselo, ujonge idatha kunye neethiyori zefom." Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba bubudenge. Ngaphambi kokuba uqokelele idatha oyifunayo, kufuneka ube nethiyori. Awukwazi ukuqokelela nje isethi yedatha engahleliwe: imibala kweli gumbi, uhlobo lweentaka ozibonayo ngokulandelayo, njl., kwaye ulindele ukuba zithwale intsingiselo ethile. Kufuneka ube nethiyori ngaphambi kokuqokelela idatha. Ngaphezu koko, awukwazi kutolika iziphumo zemifuniselo onokuthi uyenze ukuba awunayo ithiyori. Iimvavanyo ziithiyori eziye zahamba ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Unezimvo osele unazo kwaye kufuneka utolike iziganeko ngaloo nto engqondweni.
Ufumana inani elikhulu leengcinga eziqikelelweyo kwi-cosmogony. Izizwe zamandulo zibalisa amabali ahlukeneyo ajikeleze umlilo, kwaye abantwana bayaweva kwaye bafunde ukuziphatha kunye nezithethe (Ethos). Ukuba ukwintlangano enkulu, ufunda imithetho yokuziphatha ikakhulu ngokubukela abanye abantu beziphatha. Njengoko ukhula, awukwazi ukuyeka rhoqo. Ndithi xa ndijonga amanenekazi akwintanga yam, ndiye ndibone ukuba iilokhwe zazisefashonini ngeentsuku la manenekazi esekholejini. Ndisenokuba ndiyaziqhatha, kodwa yile nto ndithanda ukucinga ngayo. Ukhe wawabona amaHippies amadala asanxiba kwaye enza ngendlela awenza ngayo ngelo xesha ubuntu bawo babunjwa. Iyamangalisa indlela ozuza ngayo ngolu hlobo kwaye ungazi, kwaye kunzima kangakanani ukuba amaxhegwazana akhululeke kwaye alahle imikhwa yawo, eqonda ukuba awasamkelekanga ukuziphatha.
Ulwazi luyingozi kakhulu. Iza nalo lonke ucalucalulo okhe waluva ngaphambili. Umzekelo, unomkhethe othi uA wandulela uB no A ngunobangela ka B. Kulungile. Usuku lulandela ubusuku ngokuqhubekayo. Ngaba ubusuku bungunobangela wemini? Okanye ngaba imini ingunobangela wobusuku? Hayi. Kwaye omnye umzekelo endiwuthanda ngokwenene. Amanqanaba oMlambo wasePoto'mac anxibelelana kakuhle kakhulu nenani leefowuni zefowuni. Iminxeba ibangela ukunyuka komlambo, ngoko siyakhathazeka. Iminxeba ayibangeli ukuphakama kwemilambo. Imvula iyana kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu abantu babiza inkonzo yeteksi rhoqo nangenxa yezinye izizathu ezihambelanayo, umzekelo, ukwazisa abantu ababathandayo ukuba ngenxa yemvula kuya kufuneka babambezeleke okanye into enjalo, kwaye imvula ibangela ukuba umlambo uphakame. ukuphakama.
Ingcamango yokuba unokuchaza unobangela nesiphumo kuba enye iza ngaphambi komnye isenokuba ayilunganga. Oku kufuna isilumkiso kuhlalutyo lwakho kunye nokucinga kwakho kwaye kunokukhokelela kwindlela engalunganga.
Kwixesha langaphambili, abantu babonakala bephila ngemithi, imilambo kunye namatye, konke ngenxa yokuba babengakwazi ukuchaza iziganeko ezenzekayo. Kodwa ooMoya, uyabona, banenkululeko yokuzikhethela, kwaye ngale ndlela kwakucaciswa okwenzekayo. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha sazama ukunciphisa imimoya. Ukuba wenze iipasiti zomoya ezifunekayo ngezandla zakho, ke imimoya yenza le na leya. Ukuba uphosa amakhubalo afanelekileyo, umoya womthi uya kwenza le nto kwaye yonke into iya kuziphinda. Okanye ukuba utyale ngexesha lenyanga epheleleyo, isivuno siya kuba ngcono okanye into enjalo.
Mhlawumbi ezi ngcamango zisanzima kakhulu kwiinkonzo zethu. Sibaninzi kakhulu. Senza okulungileyo ngoothixo okanye oothixo basinika izibonelelo esizicelayo, ngaphandle kokuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, sisenza okulungileyo ngabo sibathandayo. Ngaloo ndlela, oothixo abaninzi bamandulo baba nguThixo Omnye, phezu kwayo nje isibakala sokuba kukho uThixo wamaKristu, uAllah, uBhuda omnye, nangona ngoku benolandelelwano looBhuda. Ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi kwayo idityanisiwe yaba nguThixo omnye, kodwa sisenobuninzi bomlingo omnyama osijikelezileyo. Sinobuninzi bomlingo omnyama ngendlela yamagama. Ngokomzekelo, unonyana ogama linguCharles. Uyazi, ukuba uyama kwaye ucinge, uCharles ayingomntwana ngokwakhe. UCharles ligama lomntwana, kodwa alifani. Nangona kunjalo, amaxesha amaninzi umlingo omnyama unxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwegama. Ndibhala phantsi igama lomntu ndilitshise okanye ndenze enye into, kwaye kufuneka libe nefuthe emntwini ngandlela ithile.
Okanye sinomlingo onovelwano, apho into enye ibonakala ifana nenye, kwaye ukuba ndiyithatha kwaye ndiyidle, izinto ezithile ziya kwenzeka. Uninzi lwamayeza kwiintsuku zokuqala yayiyi-homeopathy. Ukuba into ibonakala ifana nenye, iya kuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ewe, uyazi ukuba loo nto ayisebenzi kakuhle.
Ndakhankanya uKant, owabhala incwadi epheleleyo ethi, The Critique of Pure Reason, awayibhala ngomqulu omkhulu, ongqindilili ngolwimi ekunzima ukuluqonda, ngendlela esikwazi ngayo oko sikwaziyo nendlela esingawunanzi ngayo lo mbandela. Andiqondi ukuba yithiyori ethandwa kakhulu malunga nokuba unokuqiniseka ngayo nantoni na. Ndiza kunika umzekelo wencoko yababini endiyisebenzisileyo amaxesha amaninzi xa umntu esithi uqinisekile ngento ethile:
- Ndiyabona ukuba uqinisekile ngokupheleleyo?
- Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo.
- Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kulungile. Singabhala phantsi ephepheni ukuba ukuba awulungile, okokuqala, uya kunika yonke imali yakho kwaye, okwesibini, uya kuzibulala.
Ngequbuliso, abafuni kuyenza loo nto. Ndithi: kodwa ubuqinisekile! Baqala bathetha izinto ezingabhadlanga kwaye ndiyacinga ukuba uyasibona isizathu. Ukuba ndibuza into obuqiniseke ngayo, uze uthi, "Kulungile, kulungile, mhlawumbi andiqinisekanga nge-100%.
Uqhelene neqela lamahlelo onqulo acinga ukuba isiphelo sikufuphi. Bathengisa zonke izinto zabo kwaye baya ezintabeni, kwaye ihlabathi liyaqhubeka likhona, babuya kwaye baqale kwakhona. Oku kwenzeke izihlandlo ezininzi ebomini bam. Amaqela awahlukahlukeneyo awayekwenza oku ayeqinisekile ukuba ihlabathi laliza kuphela yaye oku akuzange kwenzeke. Ndizama ukukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi olupheleleyo alukho.
Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwinto eyenziwa yinzululwazi. Ndikuxelele ukuba, eneneni, ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukulinganisa kufuneka uyile ithiyori. Makhe sibone ukuba isebenza njani. Eminye imifuniselo iyenziwa kwaye ezinye iziphumo zifunyenwe. Inzululwazi izama ukuqulunqa ithiyori, ngokuqhelekileyo ikwimo yefomula, equka ezi meko. Kodwa akukho ziphumo zamva nje ezinokuthi ziqinisekise okulandelayo.
Kwimathematika kukho into ebizwa ngokuba yi-mathematical induction, ethi, ukuba wenza izinto ezininzi zokuqikelela, ikuvumela ukuba ubonise ukuba isiganeko esithile siya kuhlala sisenzeka. Kodwa okokuqala kufuneka wamkele ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezisengqiqweni kunye nezinye iingcamango. Ewe, iingcali zezibalo zinokuthi, kule meko yenziweyo kakhulu, zingqine ukuchaneka kwawo onke amanani endalo, kodwa awunakulindela ukuba ingcali yefiziksi nayo ikwazi ukungqina ukuba oku kuya kuhlala kusenzeka. Nokuba uwisa kangaphi ibhola, akukho siqinisekiso sokuba uya kuyazi into elandelayo yomzimba oyiwisayo ngcono kuneyokugqibela. Ukuba ndibambe ibhaluni ndiyikhulule, iya kubhabhela phezulu. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza uya kuba ne-alibi: "Owu, kodwa yonke into iyawa ngaphandle kwale. Kwaye kufuneka wenze ngaphandle kule nto.
Inzululwazi izele yimizekelo efanayo. Kwaye le yingxaki ekungelula ukuyichaza imida yayo.
Ngoku sizamile kwaye savavanya into oyaziyo, sijongene nesidingo sokusebenzisa amagama ukuchaza. Kwaye la magama anokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kulawo uwanike ngawo. Abantu abohlukeneyo banokusebenzisa amagama afanayo aneentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo. Enye indlela yokuphelisa ukungaqondani okunjalo kuxa unabantu ababini elabhoratri abaxambulisana ngombandela othile. Ukungaqondi kakuhle kuyabamisa kwaye kubanyanzele ukuba bayicacise ngakumbi okanye kancinane into abayithethayo xa bethetha ngezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokufuthi usenokufumanisa ukuba azithethi nto inye.
Baxoxa ngeetoliko ezahlukeneyo. Ingxoxo ke itshintshela ekubeni oku kuthetha ukuthini. Emva kokucacisa iintsingiselo zamagama, niqondana ngcono ngakumbi, kwaye ninokuphikisana malunga nentsingiselo - ewe, umfuniselo uthetha into enye ukuba uyayiqonda ngale ndlela, okanye umfuniselo uthi enye ukuba uyayiqonda ngenye indlela.
Kodwa waqonda amagama amabini kuphela ngoko. Amazwi asisebenzi kakuhle kakhulu.
Ndiyabulela ku-Artem Nikitin ngokuguqulela
20:10… Iilwimi zethu, ngokokwazi kwam, zonke zikholisa ukugxininisa u-“ewe” kunye “no-hayi,” “mnyama” kunye “nomhlophe,” “inyaniso” kunye “nobuxoki.” Kodwa kukwakho nentsingiselo yegolide. Abanye abantu bade, abanye bafutshane, kwaye abanye baphakathi komde nabafutshane, okt. kuba abanye banokuba phezulu, kwaye ngokuphambanayo. Bangumndilili. Iilwimi zethu zinzima kangangokuba sihlala sixambulisana malunga neentsingiselo zamagama. Oku kukhokelela kwingxaki yokucinga.
Kwakukho iintanda-bulumko ezaziphikisa ukuba ucinga kuphela ngokwamagama. Ngoko ke, kukho izichazi-magama ezichazayo, eziqhelekileyo kuthi ukususela ebuntwaneni, kunye neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo zamagama afanayo. Kwaye ndiyakrokrela ukuba wonke umntu uye waba namava okuba xa ufunda ulwazi olutsha, awukwazanga ukuchaza into ngamagama (awakwazanga ukufumana amagama afanelekileyo ukuyichaza). Asicingi ngenene ngamazwi, sizama nje ukwenza, kwaye eyona nto yenzekayo yinto eyenzekayo.
Masithi ubukwiholide. Ufika ekhaya uxelele umntu ngale nto. Kancinci kancinci, iholide oyithathileyo iba yinto othetha ngayo emntwini. Amagama, njengomthetho, athathe indawo yesiganeko kwaye amise.
Ngenye imini, ngoxa ndandiseholideyini, ndathetha nabantu ababini endabaxelela igama nedilesi yam, saza mna nabafazi bam saya kuthenga, sandula ke sagoduka, yaye, ngaphandle kokuxubusha namntu, ndabhala kangangoko ndandinako kwenzeke iziganeko namhlanje. Ndibhale yonke into endiyicingayo ndajonga amagama abe sisiganeko. Ndizame kangangoko ukuba umcimbi uthathe amagama. Kuba ndiyazi kakuhle loo mzuzu xa ufuna ukuthetha into, kodwa ungawafumani amagama afanelekileyo. Kubonakala ngathi yonke into iyenzeka njengoko benditshilo, ukuba iholide yakho iya isiba kanye njengoko kuchazwe ngamagama. Kakhulu kunokuba unokuqiniseka. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka uqhubele phambili malunga nencoko ngokwayo.
Enye into ephuma kwincwadi kwi-quantum mechanics kukuba nokuba ndinedatha eninzi yesayensi, banokuba neenkcazo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Kukho iithiyori ezintathu okanye ezine ezahlukeneyo ze-quantum mechanics ezicacisa ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi kwesiganeko esifanayo. Kanye njengejometri engeyiyo eye-Euclidean kunye nejometri ye-Euclidean zifunda into enye kodwa zisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Akukho ndlela yokufumana ithiyori eyodwa kwiseti yedatha. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba idatha inomda, ubambekile kuyo. Awuyi kuba nale thiyori yodwa. Ungaze. Ukuba kuzo zonke i-1+1=2, ngoko intetho efanayo kwikhowudi ye-Haming (eyona idumileyo kwiikhowudi zokuqala zokuzijonga kunye nokuzilungisa) iyakuba ngu-1+1=0. Akukho lwazi luqinisekileyo ongathanda ukuba nalo.
Makhe sithethe ngoGalileo (ingcali yefiziksi yaseTaliyane, umkhandi, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi senkulungwane ye-17), owaqala naye oomatshini bequantum. Wayecinga ukuba imizimba ewayo iwa ngendlela efanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isantya sihamba njani, ukukhuhlana rhoqo, kunye nefuthe lomoya. Ngokufanelekileyo, kwi-vacuum, yonke into iwela ngesantya esifanayo. Kuthekani ukuba omnye umzimba uchukumisa omnye xa esiwa. Ngaba baya kuwa ngesantya esifanayo ngenxa yokuba baye baba banye? Ukuba ukubamba akubali, kuthekani ukuba imizimba ibibotshelelwe ngentambo? Ngaba imizimba emibini edityaniswe ngomtya iya kuwa njengobunzima obunye okanye iqhubeke isiwa njengeendidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo? Kuthekani ukuba imizimba ingabotshwanga ngentambo, kodwa ngentambo? Kuthekani ukuba zincanyathiselwe enye kwenye? Kunini apho imizimba emibini inokugqalwa njengomzimba omnye? Kwaye lo mzimba uwe ngesantya esingakanani? Okukhona sicinga ngayo, kokukhona sivelisa imibuzo “ebubudenge” ecacileyo. UGalileo wathi: "Yonke imizimba iya kuwa ngesantya esifanayo, ngaphandle koko, ndiya kubuza umbuzo "obubudenge", le mizimba yazi njani ukuba inzima kangakanani? Ngaphambi kwakhe, kwakukholelwa ukuba imizimba enzima iwa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa wathi isantya sokuwa asixhomekeke kubunzima kunye nezinto eziphathekayo. Kamva siza kuqinisekisa ngomfuniselo ukuba wayenyanisile, kodwa asazi ukuba kutheni. Lo mthetho kaGalileo, eneneni, awunakubizwa ngokuba ngumthetho wenyama, kodwa ngumthetho womlomo. Yiyiphi isekelwe kwinto yokuba awufuni ukubuza umbuzo, "Xa imizimba emibini inye?" Akukhathaliseki nokuba inobunzima obungakanani na lo mzimba ukuba nje unokugqalwa njengomzimba omnye. Ngoko ke, baya kuwa ngesantya esifanayo.
Ukuba ufunda imisebenzi yakudala emalunga nokuzalana, uya kufumanisa ukuba zininzi i-theology kunye nencinci into ebizwa ngokuba yisayensi yokwenyani. Ngelishwa kunjalo. Inzululwazi yinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu, akuyomfuneko ukuyithetha!
Njengoko benditshilo kwiintetho malunga nezihluzo zedijithali, sihlala sibona izinto "ngefestile". Ifestile ayikho nje ingcamango yezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa kunye neengqondo, apho "sibona" iintsingiselo ezithile. Silinganiselwe ekuboneni iingcamango ezithile kuphela, kwaye ngoko ke sibambekile. Nangona kunjalo, siyaqonda kakuhle ukuba oku kunokuba njani. Ewe, ndicinga ukuba inkqubo yokukholelwa into enokwenziwa yinzululwazi ifana kakhulu nomntwana ofunda ulwimi. Umntwana uyaqikelela ngoko akuvayo, kodwa kamva wenza izilungiso aze afumane ezinye izigqibo (umbhalo osebhodini: “Ngovuyo ndingawuthwala umnqamlezo/Ngovuyo, ibhere ewela iliso.” Pun: “Ndiwuthwale ngovuyo umnqamlezo wam/Ngolonwabo , ibhere elincinane”) . Sizama ezinye iimvavanyo, kwaye xa zingasebenzi, senza utoliko olwahlukileyo koko sikubonayo. Kanye njengokuba umntwana ebuqonda ubomi obukrelekrele nolwimi alufundayo. Kwakhona, abavavanyi, ababalaseleyo kwiithiyori nakwifiziksi, banembono ethile echaza into ethile, kodwa ayiqinisekiswanga ukuba iyinyani. Ndibeka phambili kuwe inyani ecace gca, zonke iithiyori zangaphambili ebesinazo kwisayensi ziye zangachananga. Sithathe indawo yazo ngeethiyori zangoku. Kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba ngoku siza kuphinda siqwalasele yonke isayensi. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba phantse zonke iithiyori esinazo ngoku ziya kuba bubuxoki ngandlela ithile. Ngengqiqo yokuba oomatshini beklasikhi bajike baba bubuxoki xa kuthelekiswa nee-quantum mechanics, kodwa kwinqanaba eliphakathi esilivavanyeyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayisesona sixhobo sibalaseleyo sinaso. Kodwa imbono yethu yefilosofi yezinto yahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko senza inkqubela engaqhelekanga. Kodwa kukho enye into engakhange icingelwe kwaye iyingqiqo, kuba awunikwa ngqiqo eninzi.
Ndicinga ukuba ndikuxelele ukuba umyinge wezibalo ofumana iPhD yakhe kwangoko ufumanisa ukuba kufuneka asulungekise ubungqina bethisisi yakhe. Ngokomzekelo, oku kwakunjalo kuGauss kunye nobungqina bakhe bengcambu yepolynomial. Kwaye uGauss wayeyingcali yezibalo. Siphakamisa umgangatho wobungqongqo kubungqina. Isimo sethu sengqondo ngokungqongqo siyatshintsha. Siqala ukuqonda ukuba ingqiqo ayisiyonto ikhuselekileyo ebesicinga ukuba yiyo. Mininzi imigibe kuyo njengakuyo yonke enye into. Imithetho yengqiqo yindlela othanda ukucinga ngayo ngendlela othanda ngayo: "ewe" okanye "hayi", "mhlawumbi-na-leya" kunye "nokuba yiyo". Asikho kumacwecwe amatye awawehlisayo uMoses entabeni yeSinayi. Senza uqikelelo olusebenza kakuhle amaxesha amaninzi, kodwa hayi rhoqo. Kwaye kwi-quantum mechanics, awukwazi ukuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba amasuntswana ngamasuntswana, okanye amasuntswana ngamaza. Kwangaxeshanye, ngaba zombini, okanye akunjalo?
Kuya kufuneka sithathe inyathelo elibukhali emva koko sizama ukukuphumeza, kodwa siqhubeke noko kufuneka. Ngeli xesha, isayensi kufuneka ikholelwe oku kunokuba iithiyori eziqinisekisiweyo. Kodwa ezi ntlobo zeendlela zokulungisa zinde kwaye ziyadika. Kwaye abantu abawuqondayo lo mbandela baqonda kakuhle ukuba asikho kwaye asisoze senze njalo, kodwa sinako, njengomntwana, sibe ngcono kwaye sibe ngcono. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuphelisa ukuphikisana okungakumbi. Kodwa ngaba lo mntwana uya kuyiqonda ngokupheleleyo yonke into ayivayo aze angabhideki yiyo? Hayi. Ngenxa yokuba zingaphi iingcamango ezinokutolikwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, oku akumangalisi.
Ngoku siphila kwixesha apho inzululwazi ibalasele ngegama, kodwa enyanisweni akunjalo. Uninzi lwamaphephandaba kunye neemagazini, ezizezi, iVogue (imagazini yefashoni yabasetyhini), ipapasha uqikelelo lweenkwenkwezi ngemiqondiso yezodiac nyanga zonke. Ndicinga ukuba phantse zonke izazinzulu ziyakugatya ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi, nangona kwangaxeshanye, sonke siyazi ukuba iNyanga iwuphembelela njani uMhlaba, ibangela ukwehla nokuhamba kwamaza.
30:20
Nangona kunjalo, siyathandabuza ukuba usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa luya kuba ngesandla sasekunene okanye sasekhohlo, kuxhomekeke kwindawo esibhakabhakeni senkwenkwezi ekumgama weminyaka engama-25 yokukhanya. Nangona siye saqaphela amaxesha amaninzi ukuba abantu abazalwa phantsi kwenkwenkwezi enye bakhula ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwaye baneendawo ezahlukeneyo. Ke, asazi ukuba iinkwenkwezi zinempembelelo ebantwini.
Sinoluntu oluthembele kakhulu kwinzululwazi nobunjineli. Okanye mhlawumbi kuxhomekeke kakhulu xa uKennedy (uMongameli wama-35 waseUnited States) wabhengeza ukuba kwiminyaka elishumi siya kuba seNyangeni. Kwakukho izicwangciso ezininzi zokwamkela ubuncinane enye. Ubunokunikela ngemali ecaweni kwaye uthandaze. Okanye, sebenzisa imali kwii-psychics. Abantu ngebayila indlela yabo yokuya eNyangeni ngokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-pyramidology (pseudoscience). Njengokuthi, makhe iiphiramidi ukuze sisebenzise amandla azo kwaye sifezekise injongo. Kodwa hayi. Sixhomekeke kubunjineli obulungileyo bakudala. Sasingazi ukuba ulwazi esasicinga ukuba siyalwazi, sasicinga ukuba siyalwazi kuphela. Kodwa damn it, siye safika enyangeni kwaye sabuya. Sixhomekeke kwimpumelelo ukusa kumlinganiselo omkhulu ngakumbi kunenzululwazi ngokwayo. Kodwa akukho nanye kwezi zinto. Sinezinto ezibaluleke ngakumbi ekufuneka sizenze kunezobunjineli. Le yintlalontle yoluntu.
Kwaye namhlanje sinezihloko ezininzi zokuxoxa, ezifana nee-UFO kunye nokunye okunjalo. Andicebisi ukuba i-CIA yenza ukubulawa kuka-Kennedy okanye ukuba urhulumente waqhubhisa i-Oklahoma ukuze abangele uloyiko. Kodwa abantu basoloko bebambelele kwiinkolelo zabo kwanaxa kukho ubungqina. Sibona oku ngalo lonke ixesha. Ngoku, ukukhetha ukuba ngubani ogqalwa njengobuqhophololo nongenguye akulula kangako.
Ndineencwadi ezininzi ngesihloko sokwahlula isayensi yokwenyani kwi-pseudoscience. Siye saphila kwiithiyori ezininzi zanamhlanje ze-pseudoscientific. Siye safumana i-phenomenon ye "polywater" (ifom ye-hypothetical polymerized yamanzi enokuthi yenziwe ngenxa yeziganeko ezingaphezulu kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo ezizodwa). Sikhe safumana ukudityaniswa kwenyukliya okubandayo (into ekucingelwa ukuba inokwenzeka yokwenza umxube wenyukliya kwiinkqubo zemichiza ngaphandle kokufudumeza okubalulekileyo kwezinto ezisebenzayo). Amabango amakhulu enziwa kwisayensi, kodwa inxalenye encinci yayo iyinyani. Umzekelo unokunikwa ngobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Uhlala usiva malunga nokuba oomatshini abanobukrelekrele bokwenziwa baya kwenza ntoni, kodwa awuziboni iziphumo. Kodwa akukho mntu unokuqinisekisa ukuba oku akuyi kwenzeka ngomso. Ekubeni ndandisithi akukho mntu unokungqina nantoni na kwisayensi, ndimele ndivume ukuba andinakungqina nto ngokwam. Andikwazi nokungqina ukuba andinakungqina nto. Isangqa esikhohlakeleyo, akunjalo?
Kukho izithintelo ezinkulu kakhulu esizifumana zingathandeki ukukholelwa nantoni na, kodwa kufuneka sivumelane nayo. Ngokukodwa, ngale nto sele ndiyiphindaphinda kuwe amatyeli aliqela, nendiyibonisileyo ndisebenzisa umzekelo woguqulo olukhawulezayo lweFourier (i-algorithm yokubala kwekhompyutha ye-discrete Fourier transform, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukusetyenzwa komqondiso kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha) . Ndixoleleni ngokungabinangqondo kwam, kodwa yayindim owaqala ukubeka imibono malunga nokufaneleka. Ndafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba “iButterfly” (inyathelo lokuqala kwi-algorithm yenguqu yeFourier ekhawulezayo) ayizukusebenza ngesixhobo endinaso (izibali ezicwangcisiweyo). Kamva, ndakhumbula ukuba iteknoloji ishintshile, kwaye kukho iikhomputha ezikhethekileyo endinokuthi ndigqibezele ukuphunyezwa kwe-algorithm. Izakhono zethu kunye nolwazi luhlala lutshintsha. Yintoni esingenakuyenza namhlanje, sinokuyenza ngomso, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ukuba ujonga ngenyameko, "ngomso" ayikho. Imeko intlu-mbini.
Masibuyele kwisayensi. Malunga namakhulu amathathu eminyaka, ukususela ngo-1700 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inzululwazi yaqalisa ukulawula nokuphuhlisa iinkalo ezininzi. Namhlanje, isiseko senzululwazi yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-reductionism (umgaqo we-methodological malunga neziganeko ezinzima ezinokuchazwa ngokupheleleyo ngokusebenzisa imithetho ehambelana neziganeko ezilula). Ndiyakwazi ukwahlula umzimba ube ngamalungu, ndihlalutye amalungu kwaye ndifikelele kwisigqibo malunga ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphambilana ndiye ndachaza ukuba inkoliso yabantu bonqulo yayisithi, “Aninakumahlula uThixo abe ziinxalenye, nifunde ngamalungu akhe nize nimqonde uThixo.” Yaye abaxhasi bengqondo yeGestalt bathi: “Umele ujonge yonke into. Awunako ukuyahlula yonke into ibe ziinxalenye ngaphandle kokuyonakalisa. Iyonke ingaphezulu kwenani lamalungu ayo. "
Ukuba umthetho omnye uyasebenza kwelinye icandelo lezenzululwazi, ngoko ke umthetho ofanayo awunakusebenza kulwahlulo lwesebe elifanayo. Izithuthi ezinamavili amathathu azisebenzi kwiindawo ezininzi.
Ngoko ke, simele siwuqwalasele lo mbuzo: “Ngaba yonke inzululwazi inokugqalwa njengento enzima kakhulu ngokuthembela kwiziphumo ezifunyenwe kwiinkalo eziphambili?”
AmaGrike amandulo ayecinga ngeengcamango ezifana neNyaniso, Ubuhle noBulungisa. Ngaba inzululwazi yongeze nantoni na kwezi ngcamango ngalo lonke eli xesha? Hayi. Ngoku asinalwazi ngakumbi ngezi ngcinga njengoko amaGrike amandulo ayenalo.
UKumkani waseBhabhiloni uHammurabi (owayelawula malunga nowe-1793-1750 BC) washiya ngasemva uMthetho weMithetho owawuqulethe umthetho onjalo, ngokomzekelo, “Iliso ngeliso, izinyo ngezinyo.” Le yayiyinzame yokubeka uBulungisa ngamazwi. Ukuba siyithelekisa noko kwenzekayo ngoku eLos Angeles (okuthetha udushe lobuhlanga luka-1992), oku akukona ubulungisa, kodwa kusemthethweni. Asikwazi ukubeka uBulungisa ngamazwi, kwaye inzame yokwenza oko inika kuphela ukuba semthethweni. Nathi asikwazi ukuyichaza ngamazwi iNyaniso. Ndizama konke okusemandleni am ukwenza oku kwezi zifundo, kodwa eneneni andinakuyenza. Kuyafana nakuBuhle. UJohn Keats (imbongi yesizukulwana esiselula se-English Romantics) wathi: “Ubuhle yinyaniso, yaye inyaniso bubuhle, yaye yiloo nto kuphela onokuyazi nofanele ukwazi.” Imbongi ichonge iNyaniso kunye noBuhle njengento enye. Ukusuka kwimbono yesayensi, inkcazo enjalo ayanelisi. Kodwa inzululwazi ayinikezi mpendulo icacileyo nayo.
Ndifuna ukushwankathela intetho phambi kokuba sihambe ngeendlela zethu ezahlukeneyo. Inzululwazi ayivelisi nje ulwazi oluthile ebesinokuthanda. Ingxaki yethu esisiseko kukuba singathanda ukufumana iinyaniso ezithile, ngoko sicinga ukuba sinazo. Ukucinga okunqwenelekayo sisiqalekiso esikhulu somntu. Ndayibona le nto isenzeka xa ndandisebenza eBell Labs. Ithiyori ibonakala isengqiqweni, uphando lubonelela ngenkxaso ethile, kodwa uphando olongezelelweyo aluboneleli nabuphi na ubungqina obutsha kulo. Izazinzulu ziqala ukucinga ukuba zinokwenza ngaphandle kobungqina obutsha bethiyori. Kwaye baqala ukukholelwa kubo. Kwaye ngokusisiseko, bathetha nje ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye ukunqweneleka kubenza bakholelwe ngamandla abo onke ukuba iyinyani into abayithethayo. Olu luphawu lomlingiswa wabo bonke abantu. Unikezela kumnqweno wokukholelwa. Ngenxa yokuba ufuna ukukholelwa ukuba uya kuyifumana inyaniso, ekugqibeleni uyifumana rhoqo.
Inzululwazi ayinanto ingako yokuthetha ngezinto ozikhathaleleyo. Oku akusebenzi kuphela kwiNyaniso, uBuhle kunye noBulungisa, kodwa nakwezinye izinto. Inzululwazi inokwenza okuninzi kuphela. Ngezolo nje ndifunde ukuba ezinye iingcali zofuzo zifumene iziphumo ezithile kuphando lwabo, ngelixa elinye, ezinye iingcali zofuzo zifumene iziphumo eziphikisa iziphumo zokuqala.
Ngoku, amazwi ambalwa malunga nale khosi. Intetho yokugqibela ibizwa ngokuba , kodwa kuya kuba bhetele ukuyibiza ngokulula ngokuthi “Wena Nobomi Bakho.” Ndifuna ukunika intetho ethi "Wena kunye noPhando lwakho" kuba ndichithe iminyaka emininzi ndifunda esi sihloko. Kwaye ngandlela ithile, le ntetho iya kuba sisishwankathelo sayo yonke le khosi. Eli linge lokuchaza ngeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo into omawuyenze ngokulandelayo. Ndifikele kwezi zigqibo ndedwa; akukho mntu wandixelela ngazo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, emva kokuba ndinixelele yonke into enifanele niyenze nendlela yokwenza ngayo, niya kuba nako ukwenza ngakumbi nangcono kunam. Sala kakuhle!
Enkosi kuTilek Samiev ngenguqulelo.
Ngubani ofuna ukunceda - bhala kwi-PM okanye nge-imeyile [imeyile ikhuselwe]
Ngendlela, siye saqalisa ukuguqulelwa kwenye incwadi epholileyo - )
Iziqulatho zencwadi kunye nezahluko eziguqulelweyo
- Intshayelelo kuBugcisa bokwenza iNzululwazi nobuNjineli: Ukufunda ukuFunda (ngoMatshi 28, 1995)
- "Iziseko zeDigital (Discrete) Revolution" (ngoMatshi 30, 1995)
- "Imbali yeeKhompyutha - i-Hardware" (ngoMatshi 31, 1995)
- "Imbali yeeKhompyutha-Isoftware" (NgoAprili 4, 1995)
- "Imbali yeeKhompyutha-Izicelo" (NgoAprili 6, 1995)
- "I-Artificial Intelligence-Icandelo I" (Aprili 7, 1995)
- "I-Artificial Intelligence-Icandelo II" (Aprili 11, 1995)
- "I-Artificial Intelligence III" (ngoAprili 13, 1995)
- "n-Dimensional Space" (ngoAprili 14, 1995)
- "Ithiyori yeKhowudi - Ukumelwa koLwazi, iCandelo I" (Aprili 18, 1995)
- "Ithiyori yeKhowudi - Ukumelwa koLwazi, iCandelo II" (ngoAprili 20, 1995)
- "Iikhowudi zokulungisa impazamo" (ngomhla wama-21 kuEpreli 1995)
- "Ithiyori yoLwazi" (ngoAprili 25, 1995) Ugqibile, ekufuneka uyenzile kukuyipapasha
- "Izihluzi zeDigital, iCandelo I" (Aprili 27, 1995)
- "Izihluzi zeDijithali, iCandelo II" (ngoAprili 28, 1995)
- "Izihluzi zeDigital, iCandelo III" (Meyi 2, 1995)
- "Izihluzi zeDigital, iCandelo IV" (ngoMeyi 4, 1995)
- "Ukulinganisa, Icandelo I" (ngoMeyi 5, 1995)
- "Ukulinganisa, Icandelo II" (ngoMeyi 9, 1995)
- "Ukulinganisa, Icandelo III" (ngoMeyi 11, 1995)
- "I-Fiber Optics" (ngoMeyi 12, 1995)
- "Umyalelo woNcedo lweKhompyutha" (ngoMeyi 16, 1995)
- "IMathematika" (ngoMeyi 18, 1995)
- "I-Quantum Mechanics" (ngoMeyi 19, 1995)
- "Ukudala" (ngoMeyi 23, 1995). Inguqulelo:
- "Iingcali" (ngoMeyi 25, 1995)
- "Idatha engathembekanga" (ngoMeyi 26, 1995)
- "Ubunjineli beeNkqubo" (ngoMeyi 30, 1995)
- "Ufumana Oko Ukulinganisayo" (Juni 1, 1995)
- (Juni 2, 1995) guqulela kwimizuzu eli-10
- Hamming, “Wena Nophando Lwakho” (Juni 6, 1995).
Ngubani ofuna ukunceda - bhala kwi-PM okanye nge-imeyile [imeyile ikhuselwe]
umthombo: www.habr.com