В siye sachukumisa iingxaki zemfundo ezinje ngenkqubo yesikolo ekufundiseni, saza sathetha kancinci malunga nesenzo esibi soqeqesho. izakhono kwingozi yokwamkela ulwazi. Ngoku lixesha lokuxoxa ngezi ndidi zimbini zisisiseko ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi kwaye siqonde ukuba yintoni umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwawo.
Ngoko zombini iinkcazo: izakhono и ulwazi, kunye negama elingasetyenziswanga kakhulu imithetho, ngendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo ziingcali kwicandelo labasebenzi nabasebenzi, zaqulunqwa phantse kwiminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo. emsebenzini, obizwa ngokuba: “Izakhono, iMithetho noLwazi; Imiqondiso, imiqondiso kunye neMpawu, kunye nolunye ulwahlulo kwiiModeli zokuSebenza kwaBantu. Ukususela ngoko, isakhelo esaphuhliswayo siphuhliswe kakhulu, kodwa siya kuthembela kwinqaku lokuqala, elinokufumaneka . Olu xwebhu luyafumaneka ngomrhumo okanye ngokurhuma kweshishini/kwezemfundo, nangona kunjalo, abafundi abahluphekileyo kodwa abanolwazi baya kuhlala befumana ithuba lokukhuphela esi sicatshulwa simahla.
Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ngelixa imigaqo yegama ihlala ingabonakali, kwaye izakhono nolwazi luqhubeka luhlala kunye, omnye uhlala efumana ingcamango engalunganga yokuba ezi zimbini zokugqibela zifana. Okwangoku, kwi-taxonomy kaRasmussen bonke banikwa iinkcazo ezicacileyo, kwaye baqiniseke ukuba, akufanele badideke nangayiphi na indlela.
Ngokwenyani, xa ufunda ngokuziphatha komntu, uRasmussen wabela izakhono kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi kwaye hayi kakhulu. Ngophawu oluphawuleka ngolu hlobo njengokuzenzekela komsebenzi we-sensory-motor ngokungabikho kolawulo, isondele kakhulu kwi-reflexes ephucukileyo enemeko:
Ukuziphatha okusekwe kwisakhono kubonisa ukusebenza kwenzwa-motor ngexesha lezenzo okanye imisebenzi ethi, ilandela inkcazo yenjongo, yenzeke ngaphandle kolawulo lwengqondo njengolugudileyo, oluzenzekelayo, kunye neepatheni zokuziphatha ezidityanisiweyo.
U-Rasmussen ubeka umgangatho wemithetho ngaphezu kwezakhono, nangona wenza ugcino ukuba umgca phakathi kwabo unokuba mncinci kakhulu, ngakumbi xa izakhono zidityanisiwe kumatyathanga. Isidingo sabo sivela xa isakhono esinye esilula singanelanga kwimeko ethile kwaye ukufezekisa umphumo kuyimfuneko ukuhlanganisa izakhono ezininzi, ukwenza izenzo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko, oko kukuthi landela imigaqo ephuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo okanye efunyenwe komnye umntu:
Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokuziphatha okusekwe kumthetho, ukuqulunqwa kolandelelwano olunjalo lwee-subroutines kwimeko yomsebenzi eqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kulawulwa ngumgaqo ogciniweyo okanye inkqubo enokuthi ithathwe ngamandla ngamaxesha adlulileyo, idluliselwe kulwazi lwabanye abantu. njengomyalelo okanye iresiphi yencwadi yokupheka, okanye isenokulungiswa ngeso sihlandlo ngokucombulula iingxaki nocwangciso.
Unokongeza ngokukhuselekileyo zonke iintlobo zobugcisa, amaphepha amhlophe kunye nezinye iindlela zokwenziwa kolu luhlu, kwaye ukongeza ngokuyimfuneko imigaqo esekwe lulawulo lwequmrhu, kubandakanywa nezo nkqubo eziveliswe liqela leqela lendawo.
Le phiramidi uthweswe isithsaba solwazi olufunyenweyo ngexesha apho umfanekiso oqhelekileyo wehlabathi uwohloka - akukho buchule okanye imiyalelo elandelayo inceda, kodwa kuvela imfuneko yophando kunye nokufunda ingxaki engaqhelekanga kwindawo engaqhelekanga:
Ngexesha leemeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezijongene nokusingqongileyo apho kungekho kwazi okanye imigaqo yolawulo ekhoyo kwiindibano zangaphambili, ukulawulwa komsebenzi kufuneka kuhambele kwinqanaba eliphezulu leengcamango, apho ukusebenza kulawulwa yinjongo kunye nolwazi olusekelwe kulwazi. Kule meko, injongo iqulunqwe ngokucacileyo, ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lokusingqongileyo kunye neenjongo ezipheleleyo zomntu. Emva koko isicwangciso esiluncedo siyaphuhliswa-ngokhetho-ukuba izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo ziqwalaselwe, kwaye isiphumo sazo sivavanywa ngokuchasene nenjongo, ngokwasemzimbeni ngovavanyo kunye nempazamo, okanye ngokwengqiqo ngendlela yokuqonda iipropathi ezisebenzayo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokuqikelelwa kweziphumo isicwangciso siqwalaselwe. Kweli nqanaba lokuqiqa okusebenzayo, ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwenkqubo lumelwe ngokucacileyo “yimodeli yengqondo”…
Kulo nqanaba ukuba zonke izinto ezinomdla kakhulu zenzeka - iingcamango zoshishino, iingcamango zesayensi kunye nezinto ezintsha zikhula, kwaye imithetho kunye neendlela zenzelwe amanqanaba aphantsi, njengokuba, umzekelo, i-manifesto ye-Agile iphuhliswa.
Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka uthathe inombolo yokuqala yepilisi. Abanye abaphathi beenkampani, ngakumbi abaphathi benqanaba lokungena kunye neengcali ze-IT eziqinisekisiweyo, ngempazamo bakholelwa ukuba bakwinqanaba lolwazi, kuba abo bangaphambili babonakala besenza izigqibo, kwaye abo bamva babonakala bephumelele iimviwo kwaye bafumana amanqanaba ahambelana neenjineli. . Nangona kunjalo, xa kuhlolisiswa ngokusondeleyo, kubonakala ukuba oku kusemgangathweni ophezulu kwinqanaba lemithetho: abaphathi basebenza kunye nemimiselo kunye nemithetho efanayo, bahlala bezifumana bengenakukwazi ukutshintsha inkqubo elula yenkampani. Kwangaxeshanye, iinjineli ezininzi bezisenza izenzo ezicengceleziweyo zokuseta nokuqwalasela, ukufakela kunye nokuphelisa izixhobo iminyaka, kwaye zithathela ingqalelo imiyalelo yokubhala yabaqalayo ukuba ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwisakhono sabo.
Apha kufuneka uthathe ipilisi embi inombolo yesibini. Ihlabathi lanamhlanje lakhiwe kwisiseko sexesha lezoshishino, elalilawulwa sisimo sengqondo kubantu njengesixhobo sobugcisa kunye neempawu ezaziwayo zokuthembeka kunye nemveliso. Akumangalisi ukuba ingcamango yomgca wendibano yefektri idluliselwe kuzo zonke iintlobo zamashishini ukusuka kwiyeza ukuya kwiteknoloji yolwazi. Kwakhona kunengqiqo ukuba kule paradigm, abasebenzi kufuneka baphuhlise izakhono ukwenzela ukuba abasebenzi bakwazi ukugcina isantya esinikiweyo kwaye bahambisane "nebhanti yokuthutha" yeshishini. Abo basebenza kumgca wendibano, kwanabo bawulawulayo, abafuni ulwazi olukhethekileyo;
Kwaye inani lokugqibela elikrakra lesithathu lisiphumo esithe ngqo senombolo yesibini yepilisi. Inyani kukuba kuluntu lwasemva kwamashishini kukho ukuthambekela kwirobhothi kunye ne-automation yemveliso kunye necandelo lenkonzo. Ngokukhanya oku, umsebenzi wendabuko, olawulwa kakuhle kwaye oqondakalayo kwizakhono kunye nemigangatho yemigaqo yinjongo ebalaseleyo yokuphucula izinto ezintsha: ubuchwepheshe befu, i-robot couriers, i-autopilot, njl. njl., njl., njl., njl. , kodwa ngokulinganayo, injineli ye-IT eqinisekisiweyo. Ngako oko, abasebenzi abaninzi kuya kufuneka bafumane izakhono ezitsha kwaye baleqe izatifikethi ezitsha, okanye benze zonke iinzame kwaye bazame ukutsiba kwinkalo yolwazi.
Kububudenge ukuchasa ulwazi kwizakhono, kuba kanye njengokuba kungenakwenzeka ukwakha isakhiwo esithembekileyo ngaphandle kwesiseko, ngoko ngaphandle kobuchule akunakwenzeka ukufumana nokusebenzisa ulwazi. Ukuchaza igama lephephancwadi elidumileyo, sinokuthi izakhono zingamandla, kwaye ulwazi luphuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngoqeqesho lwezakhono zodwa, siyazigweba ukuba sisebenze kwibhanti lokuhambisa elingunaphakade kwaye ekuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kwesi sangqa sibi kwaye siqhubele phambili kukufumana ulwazi.
umthombo: www.habr.com