I-SRE (i-Site Reliability Engineering) yindlela yokuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kweeprojekthi zewebhu. Kuthathwa njengesakhelo se-DevOps kwaye sithetha malunga nendlela yokufumana impumelelo ekusebenziseni izenzo ze-DevOps. Inguqulelo kweli nqaku iincwadi ukusuka kuGoogle. Ndiyilungiselele ngokwam le nguqulelo kwaye ndithembele kumava am ekuqondeni iinkqubo zokubeka iliso. Kwitshaneli yetelegram и Ndikwapapashe inguqulelo yeSahluko 6 sale ncwadi inye malunga nosukelo lomgangatho wenkonzo.
Inguqulelo yikati. Konwabele ukufunda!
Akunakwenzeka ukulawula inkonzo ukuba akukho kuqonda ukuba zeziphi na izalathisi ezibalulekileyo kunye nendlela yokulinganisa nokuzivavanya. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sichaza kwaye sinikezela ngenqanaba elithile lenkonzo kubasebenzisi bethu, nokuba basebenzisa enye yee-APIs zethu zangaphakathi okanye imveliso yoluntu.
Sisebenzisa intuition yethu, amava, kunye nokuqonda umnqweno wabasebenzisi wokuqonda iZalathi zeNqanaba leNkonzo (SLIs), iiNjongo zeNqanaba leNkonzo (SLOs), kunye neSivumelwano seNqanaba leNkonzo (SLAs). Le milinganiselo ichaza iimetriki eziphambili esifuna ukuzijonga kwaye esiya kusabela kuzo ukuba asikwazi ukunika umgangatho wenkonzo olindelekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ukukhetha iimethrikhi ezifanelekileyo kunceda ukukhokela izenzo ezifanelekileyo ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle, kwaye kwakhona unika iqela le-SRE ukuzithemba kwimpilo yenkonzo.
Esi sahluko sichaza indlela esiyisebenzisayo ukulwa neengxaki ze-metric modeling, ukukhethwa kweemetriki, kunye nohlalutyo lweemetriki. Uninzi lwenkcazo luya kuba ngaphandle kwemizekelo, ngoko siya kusebenzisa inkonzo kaShakespeare echazwe kumzekelo wayo wokuphunyezwa (ukukhangela imisebenzi kaShakespeare) ukubonisa iingongoma eziphambili.
Isigama somgangatho wenkonzo
Abafundi abaninzi kusenokwenzeka ukuba bayayazi ingqikelelo ye-SLA, kodwa amagama athi SLI kunye ne-SLO afanele ukucaciswa ngononophelo kuba ngokubanzi igama elithi SLA ligcwele kakhulu kwaye lineentsingiselo ezininzi ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo. Ukucaca, sifuna ukwahlula la maxabiso.
Iimpawu
I-SLI yisalathisi somgangatho wenkonzo-umlinganiselo ochazwe ngokucokisekileyo wobungakanani benkalo enye yenqanaba lenkonzo enikezelweyo.
Kwiinkonzo ezininzi, i-SLI engundoqo ithathwa njengesicelo sokulinda-ixesha elingakanani ukubuyisela impendulo kwisicelo. Ezinye ii-SLIs eziqhelekileyo ziquka izinga lemposiso, elidla ngokuchazwa njengeqhezu lazo zonke izicelo ezifunyenweyo, kunye nenkqubo yokuphuma kwenkqubo, edla ngokulinganiselwa kwizicelo ngesekhondi. Imilinganiselo isoloko idityanisiwe: idatha ekrwada iqokelelwa kuqala ize iguqulelwe kwiqondo lotshintsho, intsingiselo, okanye ipesenti.
Ngokufanelekileyo, i-SLI ilinganisa ngokuthe ngqo inqanaba lenkonzo yomdla, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha i-metric ehambelanayo kuphela ekhoyo yokulinganisa kuba eyona nto iphambili kunzima ukuyifumana okanye ukuyitolika. Umzekelo, ukubambezeleka kwecala lomxhasi kuhlala kuyimetric efanelekileyo ngakumbi, kodwa kukho amaxesha apho ukubambezeleka kunokulinganiswa kuphela kumncedisi.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-SLI olubalulekileyo kwii-SRE lufumaneka, okanye inxalenye yexesha apho inkonzo ingasetyenziswa. Ihlala ichazwa njengomlinganiselo wezicelo eziyimpumelelo, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yisivuno. (Ubomi obunokwenzeka ukuba idatha iya kugcinwa ixesha elide-ibalulekile kwiinkqubo zokugcina idatha.) Nangona ukufumaneka kwe-100% akunakwenzeka, ukufumaneka okukufutshane ne-100% kudla ngokufumaneka amaxabiso afumanekayo; inani "ezisithoba" » ipesenti yokufumaneka. Umzekelo, ukufumaneka kwama-99% kunye nama-99,999% kunokuphawulwa njenge-"2 nines" kunye "ne-5 nines". Injini yeKhompyutha kaGoogle ijolise ekufumanekeni ngoku "zisithoba ezinesiqingatha" okanye 99,95%.
Iinjongo
I-SLO yinjongo yenqanaba lenkonzo: ixabiso ekujoliswe kulo okanye uluhlu lwamaxabiso kumgangatho wenkonzo olinganiswa yi-SLI. Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-SLO lithi "SLI ≤ Ithagethi" okanye "Umda ophantsi ≤ SLI ≤ Upper Limit". Umzekelo, sinokugqiba ekubeni siza kuzibuyisela iziphumo zophendlo lukaShakespeare “ngokukhawuleza” ngokuseta i-SLO kumndilili wombuzo wokukhangela ukubaleka ongaphantsi kwe-100 milliseconds.
Ukukhetha i-SLO efanelekileyo yinkqubo enzima. Okokuqala, awukwazi ukuhlala ukhetha ixabiso elithile. Kwizicelo ezingenayo zangaphandle ze-HTTP kwinkonzo yakho, i-Query Per Second (QPS) imetric imiselwa ikakhulu ngumnqweno wabasebenzisi bakho ukutyelela inkonzo yakho, kwaye awukwazi ukuseta i-SLO kuloo nto.
Kwelinye icala, unokuthi ufuna umndilili wokubambezeleka kwisicelo ngasinye ube ngaphantsi kwe-100 millisecond. Ukuseta injongo enjalo kunokukunyanzela ukuba ubhale i-frontend yakho nge-latency ephantsi okanye uthenge izixhobo ezibonelela ngolo hlobo. (I-100 millisecond ngokucacileyo linani elingenasizathu, kodwa kungcono ukuba namanani asezantsi e-latency. Kukho ubungqina obubonisa ukuba isantya esikhawulezayo singcono kunezantya ezicothayo, kwaye ukubambezeleka ekuqhubeni izicelo zabasebenzisi ngaphezulu kwemilinganiselo ethile kunyanzela abantu ukuba bangahlali kude. kwinkonzo yakho.)
Kwakhona, oku kuntsonkothile ngakumbi kunokuba kunokubonakala xa uqala nje: akufuneki ukhuphele ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo i-QPS ekubaleni. Inyani kukuba i-QPS kunye ne-latency zihambelana ngokuqinileyo omnye komnye: i-QPS ephezulu ihlala ikhokelela kwi-latencies ephezulu, kwaye iinkonzo zihlala zifumana ukuhla okubukhali ekusebenzeni xa zifikelela kumthwalo othile womthwalo.
Ukukhetha kunye nokupapasha i-SLO kumisela okulindelwe ngabasebenzisi malunga nendlela eya kusebenza ngayo inkonzo. Esi sicwangciso sinokunciphisa izikhalazo ezingenasiseko kumnini wenkonzo, ezifana nokusebenza kancinane. Ngaphandle kwe-SLO ecacileyo, abasebenzisi bahlala bezenzela ulindelo lwabo malunga nokusebenza abakufunayo, okunokuthi kungabi nanto yakwenza nezimvo zabantu abayila kunye nokulawula inkonzo. Le meko inokukhokelela ekulindelweni okunyukayo kwinkonzo, xa abasebenzisi bekholelwa ngempazamo ukuba inkonzo iya kufikeleleka ngakumbi kunokuba injalo, kwaye ibangele ukungathembani xa abasebenzisi bekholelwa ukuba inkqubo ayithembekanga kangako kunokuba injalo.
Izivumelwano
Isivumelwano somgangatho wenkonzo sisivumelwano esicacileyo okanye esifihlakeleyo nabasebenzisi bakho esibandakanya iziphumo zokuhlangana (okanye zokungahlangani) nee-SLO eziziquletheyo. Imiphumo ibonakala ngokulula xa ikwimali—isaphulelo okanye isohlwayo—kodwa inokuvela ngezinye iindlela. Indlela elula yokuthetha ngomahluko phakathi kwee-SLO kunye nee-SLA kukubuza "kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ii-SLOs azihlangabezwanga?" Ukuba akukho ziphumo zicacileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo ujonge i-SLO.
I-SRE ngokuqhelekileyo ayibandakanyekanga ekudaleni ii-SLAs kuba ii-SLA zibotshelelwe ngokusondeleyo kwizigqibo zeshishini kunye nemveliso. I-SRE, nangona kunjalo, ibandakanyeka ekuncedeni ukunciphisa iziphumo zee-SLO ezingaphumelelanga. Banokunceda kwakhona ukumisela i-SLI: Ngokucacileyo, kufuneka kubekho indlela enenjongo yokulinganisa i-SLO kwisivumelwano okanye kuya kubakho ukungavumelani.
Uphendlo lukaGoogle ngumzekelo wenkonzo ebalulekileyo engenaso iSLA sikawonke-wonke: sifuna wonke umntu asebenzise uPhando ngobuchule kangangoko, kodwa asikatyikitya isivumelwano nehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho iziphumo ukuba ukhangelo alufumaneki - ukungafumaneki kubangela ukwehla kwesidima sethu kunye nokuncipha kwengeniso yentengiso. Uninzi lwezinye iinkonzo zikaGoogle, ezinje ngoGoogle woMsebenzi, zinezivumelwano zenqanaba lenkonzo ezicacileyo nabasebenzisi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba inkonzo ethile ine-SLA, kubalulekile ukuchaza i-SLI kunye ne-SLO kwaye uyisebenzise ukulawula inkonzo.
Ithiyori eninzi - ngoku ukufumana amava.
Iimpawu ekusebenzeni
Njengoko sigqibe kwelokuba kubalulekile ukukhetha iimetriki ezifanelekileyo ukulinganisa inqanaba lenkonzo, wazi njani ngoku ukuba zeziphi iimetriki ezibalulekileyo kwinkonzo okanye kwisistim?
Ukhathalele ntoni wena kunye nabasebenzisi bakho?
Awudingi ukusebenzisa yonke i-metric njenge-SLI onokuthi uyilandele kwinkqubo yokubeka iliso; Ukuqonda ukuba bafuna ntoni abasebenzisi kwinkqubo kuya kukunceda ukhethe iimethrikhi ezininzi. Ukukhetha izikhombisi ezininzi kwenza kube nzima ukugxila kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo, ngelixa ukukhetha inani elincinci kunokushiya iinqununu ezinkulu zenkqubo yakho zingajongwanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo sisebenzisa izikhombisi ezininzi eziphambili ukuvavanya nokuqonda impilo yenkqubo.
Iinkonzo zinokwahlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ziinxalenye ezininzi ngokwe-SLI ezifanelekileyo kubo:
- Iisistim zesiphelo sangaphambili, ezinje ngojongano lwenkonzo kaShakespeare kumzekelo wethu. Kufuneka zibekhona, zingalibazisi kwaye zibe ne-bandwidth eyaneleyo. Ngokufanelekileyo, imibuzo inokubuzwa: ngaba sinokuphendula kwisicelo? Kuthathe ixesha elingakanani ukuphendula eso sicelo? Zingaphi izicelo ezinokuqwalaselwa?
- Iinkqubo zokugcina. Bayixabisa i-latency ephantsi yokuphendula, ukufumaneka, kunye nokuqina. Imibuzo enxulumeneyo: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufunda okanye ukubhala idatha? Ngaba sinokufikelela kwidatha xa siceliwe? Ngaba idatha iyafumaneka xa siyifuna? Jonga iSahluko sama-26 Ukunyaniseka kweDatha: Oko Ukufundayo Yinto Oyibhalayo malunga nengxoxo ecacileyo yale miba.
- Iinkqubo ezinkulu zedatha ezifana nemibhobho yokusetyenzwa kwedatha ixhomekeke kwi-throughput kunye ne-question processing latency. Imibuzo enxulumeneyo: Ingakanani idatha esetyenzwayo? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba idatha ihambe ukusuka ekufumaneni isicelo ukuya ekukhupheni impendulo? (Ezinye iindawo zesistim zinokuba nokulibaziseka kwizigaba ezithile.)
Ukuqokelelwa kwezalathi
Iimpawu ezininzi zenqanaba leenkonzo ziqokelelwa ngokwemvelo kwicala lomncedisi, usebenzisa inkqubo yokubeka iliso efana neBorgmon (jonga ngezantsi). ) okanye i-Prometheus, okanye ukuhlalutya ngokulula iilogi, ukuchonga iimpendulo ze-HTTP kunye nesimo 500. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinkqubo kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngokuqokelelwa kweemetrics zecala lomxhasi, ekubeni ukungabikho kokubeka iliso kwicala lomxhasi kunokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwenani leengxaki ezichaphazelayo. abasebenzisi, kodwa azichaphazeli i-server-side metrics. Umzekelo, ukugxila kwi-backend impendulo latency yesicelo sethu sovavanyo lokukhangela lwe-Shakespeare kunokubangela ukubambezeleka kwicala lomsebenzisi ngenxa yemicimbi yeJavaScript: kulo mzekelo, ukulinganisa ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani isikhangeli ukusetyenzwa kwephepha yimethrikhi engcono.
Udibaniso
Ukwenza lula kunye nokulula ukusetyenziswa, sihlala sidibanisa imilinganiselo ekrwada. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo.
Ezinye iimetrics zibonakala zilula, njengezicelo ngesekhondi nganye, kodwa nomlinganiselo othe ngqo udibanisa idatha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngaba umlinganiselo ufunyenwe kanye kanye ngesekhondi okanye ngaba umlinganiselo uphakathi kwenani lezicelo ngomzuzu? Olu khetho lokugqibela lunokufihla inani eliphezulu kakhulu lezicelo ezihlala imizuzwana embalwa. Cinga ngenkqubo enikezela izicelo ezingama-200 ngesekhondi enamanani alinganayo kunye no-0 lonke ixesha. Isigxina kwifom yexabiso eliphakathi kwezicelo ze-100 ngomzuzwana kwaye kabini umthwalo okhawulezayo awuyona into efanayo. Ngokufanayo, i-avareji ye-query latencies inokubonakala inomtsalane, kodwa ifihla iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo: kunokwenzeka ukuba uninzi lwemibuzo luya kukhawuleza, kodwa kuya kubakho imibuzo emininzi ecothayo.
Uninzi lwezalathisi zijongwa ngcono njengosasazo kune-avareji. Umzekelo, kwi-SLI latency, ezinye izicelo ziya kuqwalaselwa ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa ezinye ziya kuhlala zithatha ixesha elide, ngamanye amaxesha ixesha elide. Umlinganiselo olula unokufihla oku kulibaziseka okude. Inani libonisa umzekelo: nangona isicelo esiqhelekileyo sithatha malunga ne-50 ms ukuhanjiswa, i-5% yezicelo icotha ngama-20 amaxesha! Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulumkisa ngokusekelwe kuphela kwi-latency ephakathi akubonisi utshintsho ekuziphatheni imini yonke, xa ngokwenene kukho utshintsho olubonakalayo kwixesha lokucubungula ezinye izicelo (umgca ophezulu kakhulu).
I-50, i-85, i-95, kunye ne-99 ye-percentile system latency. I-Y axis ikwifomati yelogarithmic.
Ukusebenzisa i-percentiles kwizikhombisi kukuvumela ukuba ubone imilo yonikezelo kunye neempawu zayo: inqanaba eliphezulu lepesenti, elifana ne-99 okanye i-99,9, libonisa ixabiso elibi kakhulu, ngelixa i-50 percentile (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-median) ibonisa imeko ehlala rhoqo. i-metric. Okukhona ukusasazwa kwexesha lokuphendula, kokukhona izicelo eziqhuba ixesha elide zinempembelelo kumava omsebenzisi. Umphumo uphuculwe phantsi komthwalo ophezulu kunye nobukho bemigca. Uphando lwamava omsebenzisi lubonise ukuba abantu ngokubanzi bakhetha inkqubo ecothayo kunye nokuhluka kwexesha lokuphendula okuphezulu, ngoko ke amanye amaqela e-SRE agxininise kuphela kumanqaku aphezulu epesenti, kwisiseko sokuba ukuba ukuziphatha kwe-metric kwi-99,9 percentile kulungile, abaninzi abasebenzisi abayi kufumana iingxaki. .
Qaphela kwiimpazamo zezibalo
Ngokuqhelekileyo sikhetha ukusebenza ngeepesenti kune-avareji (i-arithmetic mean) yeqela lamaxabiso. Oku kusivumela ukuba sithathele ingqalelo amaxabiso asasazekileyo, ahlala aneempawu ezahlukeneyo kakhulu (kunye nomdla ngakumbi) kunomndilili. Ngenxa yobume bokwenziwa kweenkqubo zekhompuyutha, amaxabiso emetric ahlala egqwethiwe, kangangokuba akukho sicelo sinokufumana impendulo ngaphantsi kwe-0 ms, kwaye ixesha lokuphuma kwe-1000 ms lithetha ukuba akunakubakho zimpendulo eziyimpumelelo ezinamaxabiso amakhulu kune. ixesha liphelile. Ngenxa yoko, asinakuvuma ukuba intsingiselo kunye ne-median inokufana okanye isondelelene!
Ngaphandle kovavanyo lwangaphambili, kwaye ngaphandle kokuba uqikelelo oluthile kunye noqikelelo lubambekile, siyakulumkela ukuba singagqiba kwelokuba idatha yethu isasazwa ngokwesiqhelo. Ukuba unikezelo alukho njengoko kulindelekile, inkqubo ye-automation elungisa ingxaki (umzekelo, xa ibona abangaphandle, iphinda iqalise umncedisi kunye ne-latencies yesicelo esiphezulu) inokuthi iyenze rhoqo okanye ayisoloko ngokwaneleyo (zombini azikho. kakuhle kakhulu).
Izikhombisi zokulinganisa
Sincoma ukulinganisa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-SLI ukuze ungacingi ngazo rhoqo. Naluphi na uphawu olwanelisa iipatheni ezisemgangathweni lunokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwiinkcukacha ze-SLI nganye, umzekelo:
- Amathuba okudibanisa: "i-avareji ngaphezu komzuzu omnye"
- Iindawo ezidityanisiweyo: “Yonke imisebenzi kwiqela”
- Imilinganiselo ithathwa rhoqo: “Rhoqo kwimizuzwana eyi-10”
- Ziziphi izicelo ezibandakanyiweyo: "HTTP GET ukusuka kwimisebenzi yokubeka iliso kwibhokisi emnyama"
- Indlela idatha efunyenwe ngayo: "Enkosi kuhlolo lwethu olulinganiswe kwiseva"
- Ukubambezeleka kofikelelo lwedatha: "Ixesha lokugqibezela i-byte"
Ukugcina umzamo, yenza isethi yeetemplates ze-SLI ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwimetriki nganye eqhelekileyo; benza kube lula ukuba wonke umntu aqonde ukuba ithetha ukuthini i-SLI ethile.
Iinjongo ekusebenzeni
Qala ngokucinga malunga (okanye ufumanise!) yintoni abasebenzisi bakho abakhathalelayo, kungekhona into onokuyilinganisa. Rhoqo into ekhathalelwa ngabasebenzisi bakho inzima okanye akunakwenzeka ukuyilinganisa, ke uphela usondela kwiimfuno zabo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqala nje ngento ekulula ukuyilinganisa, uya kuphelela kwii-SLO ezingaluncedo. Ngenxa yoko, ngamanye amaxesha siye safumanisa ukuba ekuqaleni ukuchonga iinjongo ezifunwayo kwaye emva koko sisebenze kunye nezalathi ezithile zisebenza ngcono kunokukhetha izikhombisi kwaye emva koko zifezekise iinjongo.
Chaza usukelo lwakho
Ukuze kucace kakhulu, kufuneka kuchazwe ukuba ii-SLO zilinganiswa njani kunye neemeko ezisebenza phantsi kwazo. Umzekelo, sinokuthi oku kulandelayo (umgca wesibini uyafana nowokuqala, kodwa usebenzisa i-SLI engagqibekanga):
- I-99% (i-avareji ngaphezu komzuzu omnye) ye-Fumana iminxeba ye-RPC iya kugqiba ngaphantsi kwe-1ms (ilinganiswe kuzo zonke iiseva ze-backend).
- I-99% yokufumana iminxeba ye-RPC iya kugqiba ngaphantsi kwe-100ms.
Ukuba imilo yeegophe zokusebenza ibalulekile, ungakhankanya ii-SLO ezininzi:
- 90% of Fumana iminxeba ye-RPC egqitywe ngaphantsi kwe-1 ms.
- 99% of Fumana iminxeba ye-RPC egqitywe ngaphantsi kwe-10 ms.
- 99.9% Fumana iifowuni ze-RPC zigqityiwe ngaphantsi kwe-100 ms.
Ukuba abasebenzisi bakho bavelisa umsebenzi omninzi: ukusetyenzwa kwesambuku (okubaluleke kakhulu) kunye nokusetyenzwa konxibelelwano (ekubalulekile ukubambezeleka kwayo), kunokuba luncedo ukuchaza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zodidi ngalunye lomthwalo:
- I-95% yezicelo zabathengi zifuna i-throughput. Cwangcisa ukubalwa kweefowuni ze-RPC eziphunyeziweyo <1 s.
- I-99% yabathengi bayayikhathalela i-latency. Seta ukubalwa kweefowuni ze-RPC kunye netrafikhi <1 kB kwaye iqhuba <10 ms.
Akunangqiqo kwaye akunqweneleki ukugxininisa ukuba ii-SLO ziya kudibana ne-100% yexesha: oku kunokunciphisa isantya sokwazisa ukusebenza okutsha kunye nokuthunyelwa, kwaye kufuna izisombululo ezibizayo. Endaweni yoko, kungcono ukuvumela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwempazamo - ipesenti yenkqubo yokunciphisa ixesha elivunyelweyo - kwaye ubeke iliso eli xabiso imihla ngemihla okanye ngeveki. Abaphathi abaphezulu banokufuna uvandlakanyo lwenyanga okanye lwekota. (Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwempazamo yi-SLO ngokulula xa kuthelekiswa nenye i-SLO.)
Ipesenti yokuphulwa kwe-SLO inokuthelekiswa nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwempazamo (jonga iSahluko 3 kunye necandelo ), ngexabiso lomahluko elisetyenziswe njengegalelo kwinkqubo ethatha isigqibo sokuba kufakwe nini na ukukhutshwa okutsha.
Ukukhetha amaxabiso ekujoliswe kuwo
Ukukhetha amaxabiso okucwangcisa (ii-SLO) ayingomsebenzi wobugcisa kuphela ngenxa yemveliso kunye nezinto ezinomdla kwishishini ekufuneka zibonakaliswe kwii-SLI ezikhethiweyo, ii-SLOs (kunye nee-SLA ezinokwenzeka). Ngokunjalo, ulwazi lunokufuneka lutshintshiswe malunga nemiba enxulumene nabasebenzi, ixesha lokuthengisa, ukufumaneka kwezixhobo, kunye nenkxaso-mali. I-SRE kufuneka ibe yinxalenye yale ncoko kwaye incede ukuqonda ubungozi kunye nokusebenza kweenketho ezahlukeneyo. Size nemibuzo embalwa enokunceda ukuqinisekisa ingxoxo enemveliso ngakumbi:
Musa ukukhetha injongo esekelwe ekusebenzeni kwangoku.
Nangona ukuqonda amandla kunye nemida yenkqubo kubalulekile, ukulungelelanisa i-metrics ngaphandle kokuqiqa kunokukuthintela ekugcinweni kwenkqubo: kuya kufuna iinzame zobuqhawe ukufezekisa iinjongo ezingenakufezekiswa ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa okuphawulekayo.
Yigcine ilula
Izibalo ze-SLI eziyinkimbinkimbi zinokufihla utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo kwaye zenze kube nzima ukufumana unobangela wengxaki.
Ziphephe izinto ezicacileyo
Nangona kulinga ukuba nenkqubo enokusingatha umthwalo okhulayo ngokungenasiphelo ngaphandle kokunyuka kwe-latency, le mfuneko ayinangqiqo. Inkqubo esondela kwiinjongo ezinjalo iya kufuna ixesha elininzi ukuyila kunye nokwakha, kuya kuxabisa kakhulu ukusebenza, kwaye iya kubalunge kakhulu kwizinto ezilindelekileyo zabasebenzisi abanokwenza nantoni na encinci.
Sebenzisa ii-SLO ezimbalwa kangangoko
Khetha inani elaneleyo le-SLO ukuqinisekisa ukugqunywa kakuhle kweempawu zesistim. Khusela ii-SLO ozikhethayo: Ukuba awunakuze uphumelele iingxoxo malunga nezinto eziphambili ngokukhankanya i-SLO ethile, ayifanelanga ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo loo SLO. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iimpawu zenkqubo ezinokuhlawuleka kwii-SLO: kunzima ukubala inqanaba lolonwabo lomsebenzisi usebenzisa ii-SLO.
Musa ukuleqa imfezeko
Unokuhlala ucokisa iinkcazo kunye neenjongo ze-SLOs ekuhambeni kwexesha njengoko ufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuziphatha kwenkqubo phantsi komthwalo. Kungcono ukuqala ngosukelo oludadayo oya kulusulungekisa ekuhambeni kwexesha kunokuba ukhethe usukelo olungqongqo kakhulu ekufuneka ukhululeke xa ufumanisa ukuba alunakufikelelwa.
Ii-SLO zinako kwaye kufuneka zibe ngumqhubi ophambili ekubekeni phambili umsebenzi kwii-SRE kunye nabaphuhlisi bemveliso kuba babonakalisa inkxalabo kubasebenzisi. I-SLO elungileyo sisixhobo esiluncedo sokunyanzeliswa kweqela lophuhliso. Kodwa i-SLO eyilwe kakubi ingakhokelela kumsebenzi oyilahleko ukuba iqela lenza iinzame zobugorha zokufezekisa i-SLO enobundlobongela obugqithisileyo, okanye imveliso embi ukuba i-SLO iphantsi kakhulu. I-SLO sisixhobo esinamandla, sisebenzise ngobulumko.
Lawula imilinganiselo yakho
I-SLI kunye ne-SLO zizinto eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula iinkqubo:
- Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulinganisa iinkqubo ze-SLI.
- Thelekisa i-SLI kunye ne-SLO kwaye wenze isigqibo malunga nokuba inyathelo liyafuneka.
- Ukuba inyathelo liyafuneka, fumanisa ukuba yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze ufezekise injongo.
- Gqibezela esi senzo.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inyathelo lesi-2 libonisa ukuba isicelo siphelile kwaye siya kuphula i-SLO kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuba akukho nto yenziweyo, inyathelo lesi-3 lingabandakanya ukuvavanya i-hypothesis yokuba abancedisi babophe i-CPU kunye nokongeza iiseva ezininzi ziya kusasaza umthwalo. Ngaphandle kwe-SLO, awunakukwazi ukuba (okanye nini) ukuthatha inyathelo.
Seta i-SLO - emva koko ulindelo lomsebenzisi luya kusekwa
Ukupapasha i-SLO kumisela ulindelo lomsebenzisi kwindlela yokuziphatha. Abasebenzisi (kunye nabasebenzisi abanokubakho) bahlala befuna ukwazi ukuba balindele ntoni na kwinkonzo ukuqonda ukuba ikulungele na ukusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, abantu abafuna ukusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yokwabelana ngefoto banokufuna ukuphepha ukusebenzisa inkonzo ethembisa ubomi obude kunye neendleko eziphantsi ngokutshintshiselana ngokufumaneka okuncinci, nangona inkonzo efanayo inokuba ifanelekile kwinkqubo yolawulo lweerekhodi zoovimba.
Ukuseta ulindelo oluyinyani kubasebenzisi bakho, sebenzisa enye okanye omabini amaqhinga alandelayo:
- Gcina umda wokhuseleko. Sebenzisa i-SLO yangaphakathi engqongqo kunento ibhengezwa kubasebenzisi. Oku kuya kukunika ithuba lokusabela kwiingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibonakale ngaphandle. I-buffer ye-SLO ikwavumela ukuba ube nomda wokhuseleko xa ufaka ukukhutshwa okuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba inkqubo kulula ukuyigcina ngaphandle kokuphazamisa abasebenzisi ngexesha lokuphumla.
- Musa ukudlula oko kulindelwe ngumsebenzisi. Abasebenzisi basekelwe kwinto oyinikezelayo, hayi into oyithethayo. Ukuba eyona ntsebenzo yenkonzo yakho ingcono kakhulu kune-SLO exeliweyo, abasebenzisi baya kuxhomekeka ekusebenzeni kwangoku. Unokuphepha ukuxhomekeka ngokugqithisileyo ngokuvala ngabom inkqubo okanye ukunciphisa ukusebenza phantsi kwemithwalo elula.
Ukuqonda indlela inkqubo ehlangabezana ngayo nezinto ezilindelweyo kunceda isigqibo sokuba utyalomali ekukhawuleziseni inkqubo kunye nokwenza ukuba ifikeleleke ngakumbi kwaye ixhathise. Kungenjalo, ukuba inkonzo isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, abanye abasebenzi kufuneka bachithe ixesha kwezinye izinto eziphambili, ezinjengokuhlawula amatyala obugcisa, ukongeza izinto ezintsha, okanye ukwazisa iimveliso ezintsha.
Izivumelwano ekusebenzeni
Ukudala i-SLA kufuna amaqela amashishini kunye nezomthetho ukuba achaze iziphumo kunye nezohlwayo zokuyiphula. Indima ye-SRE kukubanceda baqonde imingeni enokubakho ekuhlangabezaneni nee-SLO eziqulethwe kwi-SLA. Uninzi lweengcebiso zokwenza ii-SLO ziyasebenza nakwii-SLA. Kububulumko ukuba ube nolondolozo kwinto oyithembisayo abasebenzisi kuba okukhona unakho, kokukhona kuya kuba nzima ukutshintsha okanye ukususa ii-SLA ezibonakala zingekho ngqiqweni okanye kunzima ukuhlangabezana nazo.
Enkosi ngokufunda inguqulelo kude kube sekupheleni. Bhalisela kumjelo wetelegram malunga nokubeka iliso и .
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