Ukukhanya—ii-photon—kuneempawu zamaza kunye namasuntswana. Njengalo naliphi na igagasi, kuquka nezo zihamba phezu kwamanzi, imijelo yokuhamba kokukhanya, okudala iipateni kwixesha lesithuba ezibonakala emanzini aqhelekileyo. iboniswe okokuqala Oku kusekelwe kwinto engaqhelekanga apho imijikelezo yamanzi iqala ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunokuhamba kwayo. Kuyavela ukuba ukukhanya kukwadala imijikelezo ehamba ngokukhawuleza kunesantya sokukhanya.
Ubukho bee-vortices ze-optical, okanye i-phase singularity zokukhanya, buqinisekiswe ngokwezibalo ziingcali zethiyori kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 eyadlulayo. Ubunzima babusekuqwalaseleni le nto ngovavanyo—izixhobo zesayensi zazingekakulungeli. Ekugqibeleni, besebenzisa i-electron microscopy enesisombululo esiphezulu kwindawo nakwixesha, izazinzulu zakwazi ukubona nokubhala le nto ngento enamacala amabini—i-hexagonal boron nitride.
I-Hexagonal boron nitride ikhethwe kuba amaza ayo e-polariton acinezelwe kakhulu, nto leyo edala iipatheni zokuphazamiseka ezintsonkothileyo ezifanelekileyo ukujonga ii-vortices ze-optical. Ukujongwa ngokuthe ngqo kwee-photons akunakwenzeka, kodwa xa zidibana nezinto ezivuselelayo kwi-matter, ii-quasiparticles—polaritons—ziyadalwa, ezinokubonwa njengeempawu zomsebenzi we-photon.
Masongeze ukuba oku kufunyanisiweyo akuphikisani nengcamango ekhethekileyo ka-Einstein yokuhambelana kwezinto, kuba akukho kudluliselwa kobunzima, amandla okanye ulwazi.
Ii-vortices ezibonakalayo zivela xa amaza okukhanya ejikeleza njenge-whirlpool: embindini we-vortex, amaza ayarhoxisana, enza indawo engenamandla—“umngxuma omnyama.” Ngokwendalo, izinto ezimbini ezichaseneyo ezitshajiweyo ziyatsalana kwaye, njengoko zisondelana, ziyakhawuleza. Intshukumo yazo ichazwa yi-geometry ye-wavefront, kungekhona ngentshukumo yokwenyani yento, ngoko ke isantya se-phase se-wave sinokudlula isantya sokukhanya, njengoko kwenzeka kwezinye iziganeko zamaza (umzekelo, kumaza esandi okanye ukuhamba kolwelo).
Ngaphezu koko, indlela entsha ye-electron interferometry ecetywayo zizazinzulu ivula indlela yokufunda iinkqubo ezikhawulezayo nezifihlakeleyo kwifiziksi, ikhemistri, kunye nebhayoloji kwisikali se-nanometer. Nangona le nto ibonwa kuphela kwizikali ezincinci kwaye ayiphazamisi ubudlelwane besizathu kunye nesiphumo, inika izazinzulu isixhobo esinamandla sokuhlola indalo kwiimbonakaliso zayo ezidlulayo.
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umthombo: 3dnews.ru
