I-Codec yaziswa ngo-2018 yaxhaswa ngabadlali abakhulu kwimarike yokusasaza. Ababoneleli be-Hardware baye baqinisekisa inkxaso ye-codec entsha, kwaye isiphelo kunye ne-AV1 hardware decoding kufuneka ifumaneke ekupheleni konyaka. Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, iipatent troll ezinemfuno zemali ziye zasebenza ngakumbi.
Ikhodekhi yevidiyo umthombo ovulekileyo uye waphuhliswa ukususela kwi-2015 ngeenjineli ezivela kwiinkampani ezininzi, kuquka i-Amazon, i-BBC, i-Netflix, i-Hulu kunye nabanye, abadale i-Alliance ye-Open Media (AOMedia). Itekhnoloji entsha yenzelwe ngokuyintloko ukusasaza ividiyo kwizisombululo eziphezulu kakhulu (i-4K nangaphezulu), kunye nombala owandisiweyo wombala kunye neetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo ze-HDR. Phakathi kwezinto eziphambili ze-codec, i-AOMedia ibonisa i-algorithm yoxinzelelo xa kuthelekiswa neendlela ezikhoyo, iimfuno zekhompuyutha ezinokuqikelelwa, kunye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu kunye nokuqina.
Ezi nkampani zineenkonzo zazo zokusasaza zifuna ii-codecs ezisebenzayo njengomoya. Okokuqala, i-AV1 inciphisa iimfuno ze-intanethi ye-bandwidth zombini kwiziko ledatha (DPC) kwinqanaba kwaye kwinqanaba lababoneleli kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela. Okwesibini, ukusetyenziswa kweAmazon Studios kwefilimu eyi-65mm kunye neekhamera ze-IMAX MSM 9802 (ekunzima kakhulu ukuzirenta) kunye neRED Monstro yefilimu iAeronafta () ibonisa ukuba inkampani ilungiselela i-post-4K era, apho ii-codecs zangoku zingayi kubonakala zisebenza kakuhle.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiidekhowuda zesoftware, zikhoyo ngoku uluhlu lweenkampani eziquka iCisco, iGoogle, iNetflix, iMicrosoft kunye neMozilla. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-software decoding, njengomthetho, isoloko ithetha ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa okuncinci kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kuya kuba nomdla ukubona inkxaso ye-hardware decoding.
IiChips & Media yayiyeyokuqala ukwazisa i-AV1 hardware decoder ngo-Okthobha kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Iprosesa yevidiyo yipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda (eyenziwe kwinqanaba le-RTL) enokuthi ifakwe kwi-system-on-chip (SoC) isebenzisa i-ARM AMBA 3 APB yangaphakathi kunye neebhasi ze-ARM AMBA3 AXI. Esi sidikhowuda sixhasa inqanaba lekhowudi ye-AV1 engu-5.1, ubuninzi bebitrate ye-50 Mbps, ubunzulu bombala obuyi-8 okanye i-10 bits, kunye ne-4:2:0 i-subsampling yombala. Ubumbeko lwe-Wave 510A's olungundoqo we-450MHz lunokusetyenziswa ukucacisa i-4K yesisombululo semilambo kwi-60Hz (4Kp60) ngelixa ubumbeko lwe-dual-core lunokusetyenziselwa ukucacisa i-4Kp120 okanye i-8Kp60 yemisinga.
Ukongeza kwiiChips & Media, ezinye iinkampani ezininzi zibonelela ngeeprosesa zevidiyo ezinelayisensi ngenkxaso ye-AV1. Umzekelo, Ixhasa zombini i-AV1 kunye nezinye iifomati ezidumileyo ezibandakanya i-H.264, H.265 (HEVC), VP9 kunye neJPEG. Bakwaxhasa 4:2:0 kunye 4:2:2 chroma subsampling kubathengi kunye nezicelo zobungcali. Ngelo xesha, u-Allegro uthi ezi zisombululo zinikwe ilayisenisi ngababoneleli bezixhobo zokuqala kwaye ziya kusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokugqibela eziza kukhutshwa ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka.
Ukongeza kwiiprosesa zevidiyo ezinelayisenisi, inani labaphuhlisi libhengeze iinkqubo ezisele zenziwe nge-chip kunye nenkxaso ye-AV1 yeeTV, iibhokisi ezisezantsi, abadlali kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifanayo. I-Amlogic ivelele phakathi kwabanye izisombululo ezixhasayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8Kp60, Broadcom nge 4Kp60 inkxaso, Realtek (4Kp60) kunye (8Kp60). Ukongeza, isizukulwana sesithathu se-LG ye-Ξ±9 SoCs, enika amandla iiTV ze-8 2020K zenkampani, zikwaxhasa i-AV1. Ukongeza, iMediaTek ibhengeze inkqubo yeDimensity 1000 yeselula-kwi-chip ene-AV1 idekhowuda yehardware.
Njengoko ubona, inkxaso ye-hardware decoding yemijelo ye-AV1 evela kubaphuhlisi beeprosesa zevidiyo ezinelayisenisi kunye neetshiphusi zisephantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenkxaso ye-codec entsha evela kwinani leenkampani zeteknoloji (i-Apple, i-Amazon, i-AMD, i-ARM, i-Broadcom, i-Facebook, i-Google, i-Hulu, i-Intel, i-IBM, i-Microsoft, i-Netflix, i-NVIDIA, i-Realtek, i-Sigma kunye nabanye abaninzi), kufanelekile ukulindela inkxaso yehardware ye-AV1 kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ngokusesikweni, ikhowudi yevidiyo ye-AV1 ayifuni kuhlawulwa imirhumo yelayisenisi yokusetyenziswa kwamalungelo awodwa abenzi bamachiza angamalungu e-Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia). Nangona inkqubo yokubandakanya ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kwi-AV1 ifuna uluvo lweengcali ezimbini ukuba ayinyhashi malungelo nabani na, kusoloko kukho iitroli zelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza abamalungelo abo asoloko esophulwa ngumntu wonke.
Ngaloo ndlela, inkampani yaseLuxembourg iSisvel iqokelele i-patent ye-3000 kwiinkampani ezininzi ezichaza ubuchwepheshe obufana nobo busetyenziswa kwi-AV1 kunye ne-VP9. Ukususela ngoMatshi kulo nyaka, uSisvel abo banqwenela ukunika ilayisenisi la malungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza nge-β¬ 0,32 kwisixhobo esinomboniso (i-TV, i-smartphone, i-PC kunye nabanye) kunye ne-β¬ 0,11 yesixhobo esingenawo umboniso (i-chip, umdlali, i-motherboard kunye nabanye). Nangona uSisvel engacwangcisi ukubiza iimali zelayisensi kumxholo, kubonakala ngathi isoftware ithathwa njengenye nehardware, oku kuthetha ukuba abaphuhlisi besoftware kufuneka bahlawule inkampani.
Nangona uSisvel engekaqalisi iinkqubo zomthetho kunye nabadali behardware kunye nesoftware (kwaye ayizukuqala de itekhnoloji isetyenziswe ngokubanzi), kucacile ukuba iinjongo ezinjalo zikhona. Nangona kunjalo, i-AOMedia khusela abathathi-nxaxheba kwi-AV1 ecosystem, nangona ingachazi ukuba njani.
Abadali be-AV1 balindele ukuba ibekho kuyo yonke indawo kuwo onke amaqonga, ke lindela ukuba ingaxhaswa kuphela ngabayili be-chip abakhulu, abaqulunqi besoftware kunye nababoneleli beenkonzo, kodwa nangabavelisi bezinto zombane ezikhokelayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izinto ezintle kwi-AV1. Okokuqala, ekubeni uninzi lwabadlali, iiTV kunye neebhokisi ezisezantsi aziyixhasi le codec, utshintsho lweshishini lonke ukuya kuyo luya kucotha. Ukongezelela, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuba kwixesha le-post-8K, abaphuhlisi balungiselela i-codec ye-AV2. Okwesibini, iimfuno zepatent troll ziyakunciphisa ngokucacileyo umdla kwitekhnoloji phakathi kwezinye iinkampani.
umthombo: 3dnews.ru