Xa u tyelela naliphi na ilizwe, kubalulekile ukuba ungabhidanisi ukhenketho kunye nokufuduka.
Ubulumko babantu
Kumanqaku adlulileyo (, , ) sichukumise isihloko sobuchwephesha, yintoni elindele umntu ophumelele eyunivesithi oselula noseluhlaza xa ethe wamkelwa, kwanangexesha lokufunda kwakhe eSwitzerland. Inxalenye elandelayo, elandela ngokusengqiqweni ukusuka kwezithathu zangaphambili, kukubonisa nokuthetha malunga nobomi bemihla ngemihla, malunga и , eziye zanda kwi-Intanethi (uninzi lwazo zingenangqondo), malunga neSwitzerland, kwaye zichaphazela ibhalansi yeendleko kunye nengeniso.
hlobo: Kwakutheni ukuze ndiqalise ukubhala eli nqaku? Kukho ngokwenene "amabali empumelelo" kuHabré malunga nendlela yokuhamba, kodwa kuncinci kakhulu malunga nenyaniso yokuba umphambukeli kuya kufuneka ajongane nayo xa efika. omnye wemizekelo embalwa endiyithandayo, nokuba umbhali ujonge ihlabathi ngeeglasi ezinemibala ebomvu, i-IMHO. Ewe, ungayifumana into kubukhulu beGoogle Docs, ehlaziywa ngamaxesha athile, ngeengcebiso ezithe saa, kodwa oku akuniki mfanekiso upheleleyo. Ngoko ke makhe sizame ukuyichaza!
Yonke into echazwe apha ngezantsi yinzame yokucamngca ngobunyani obujikelezileyo, oko kukuthi, kweli nqaku ndingathanda ukugxila kwiimvakalelo zam kwindlela ehamba ngayo kwaye wabelane ngemibono yam. Ndiyathemba ukuba oku kuya kukhuthaza umntu ukuba afudukele eSwitzerland, kwaye umntu enze iSwitzerland yakhe encinci kwiyadi yakhe yangasemva.
Ke, makhe sithethe ngayo yonke into ngokulandelelana, zenze ukhululeke, kuya kubakho ukufunda ixesha elide.
Lumka, kukho izithuthi ezininzi phantsi kokusikwa (~ 20 MB)!
Iinyani ezaziwayo malunga neSwitzerland eyaziwa kancinci
Inyani ye-1: ISwitzerland yeyokuqala kwaye iphambili
Ngamanye amazwi, inqanaba lokuzimela kweecantons liphezulu kakhulu. Ngokufana ne-USA, apho ilizwe ngalinye linerhafu yalo, iinkqubo zalo zokugweba, njalo njalo, ezidityaniswe yimithetho eqhelekileyo.
"Ezopolitiko" imephu yaseSwitzerland.
Ewe, kukho amanqatha atyebileyo - iGeneva (iibhanki), iVaud (EPFL + ukhenketho), iZurich (iinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT), iBasel (iRoche kunye neNovartis), iBern (le yeyona inkulu kwaye iphuhlisiwe ngokubanzi), kwaye kukho ezinye. , okunzima ukuyifumana kwimephu, okanye i-Valais, abahlali bayo bahlala bephathwa ngokunyanzeliswa (kukho ezininzi zeenduli, ezichanekileyo zezopolitiko "abantwana abavela kubudlelwane obusondeleyo" kwaye ngokubanzi bajoyina i-confederation. ).
Inyaniso yesi-2: ISwitzerland lilizwe leSoviets
ISwitzerland iqhutywa ngamabhunga, yiloo nto ndiyithethayo kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-100 yeRevolution. Ewe, ewe, uve kakuhle, igama lesiFrentshi elithi Conseil (icebiso) nelesiJamani elithi Beratung (icebiso elinikelwayo, umyalelo) ngokusisiseko ngamabhunga afanayo amasekela abantu ekuqaleni kuka-“Oktobha, UbuSoshiyali, Owakho!”
NB ngenxa yokubhora: ewe, ndiyaqonda kakuhle ukuba mhlawumbi oku kukutsala isikhova kwiglowubhu kunye nolwazi lwasemva, kodwa iinjongo kunye neenjongo zeBhunga kunye neConseil zihambelana, ezizezi ukuvumela abemi abaqhelekileyo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiziseko zokulawula zabo. isithili, isixeko, ilizwe nokuqinisekisa ukulandelelana kwamandla.
La mabhunga amanqanaba aliqela: IBhunga lesithili okanye “ilali” - Conseil de Commune okanye iGemeinde, njengoko beyibiza njalo. , IBhunga lesiXeko - Conseil de Ville, iBhunga laseCanton - Conseil d'Etat), iBhunga laseCanton - Conseil des Etats, iBhunga le-Federal - . Owokugqibela ngokwenene ngurhulumente womanyano. Ngokubanzi, kukho iingcebiso kuphela ngeenxa zonke. Le meko yemicimbi yayifakwe kuMgaqo-siseko kwango-1848 (kunjalo, uLenin ngelo xesha wayemncinci kwaye enentloko egobileyo!).
I-L'Union soviétique okanye i-L'Union des Conseils?Kum kwakufana nebholiti evela esibhakabhakeni esicacileyo sikaNovemba emva kweminyaka emi-5 yokuhlala eSwitzerland. Ngandlela-thile, ngokungalindelekanga, unyaka we-1848 kunye notyelelo lokuqala "lomntu ohloniphekileyo" u-Ulyanov wadibana entloko yam. aka Lenin ngo-1895 ukuya eSwitzerland, o. kwisiqingatha senkulungwane emva kokusekwa kwenkqubo yeSoviet, kwaye "iiSoviets" aka IiConseils. Kodwa uLenin wayehlala eSwitzerland eminye iminyaka emi-5 ukusuka ngo-1905 ukuya ku-1907 (emva kokudalwa. ) kwaye ukususela ngo-1916 ukuya ku-1917. Ngaloo ndlela, u-Ilyich wayenexesha elaneleyo (kwaye ke iminyaka emi-5 yayiyi-wow!) kungekhona nje kwimisebenzi yoguquko, kodwa kunye nokufunda inkqubo yezopolitiko yendawo.
Icwecwe leSikhumbuzo kwi "Führer" eZurich
Asiyi kuqikelela ngesihloko sokuba ngaba uLenin okanye omnye umguquli wazisa "iiSoviets" eRashiya okanye ukuba zivela ngendlela yazo, nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo yamabhunga yasebenza kakuhle kwaye emva kwe-Okthobha Revolution yathunyelwa. kwintsimi engasebenziyo "yeziqhekeza ze-autocracy", kuquka abantu abaqhelekileyo: abalimi, oomatiloshe, abasebenzi kunye namajoni.
Kwiminyaka embalwa emva kwelizwe leSoviets ngo-1922, imeko ye-USSR yavela kwimephu, leyo, ngokungaqhelekanga, nayo. Kon-i-federation, kunye nenqaku elimalunga nokwahlukana lalisetyenziswa ngokulula ziiriphabliki zomanyano kwiminyaka yoo-90. Ngoko kwixesha elizayo xa ubona ukukhankanywa (emva koko, isiFrentshi lulwimi lwediplomacy yamazwe ngamazwe nanamhlanje) okanye iSoviet Union, cinga malunga nokuba yayiyiSoviet, okanye mhlawumbi yiL'Union des Conceils?!
Inqaku lawo onke la mabhunga kukunika bonke abemi boMfelandawonye ilungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kubomi bezopolitiko belizwe kwaye, enyanisweni, idemokhrasi ngqo. Ngaloo ndlela, abapolitiki bahlala kufuneka badibanise umsebenzi oqhelekileyo kunye nendima kurhulumente wasekhaya, oko kukuthi, kuhlobo oluthile lweBhunga.
Nanku umzekelo omnye wabaviwa: umpheki ( cusinier ), umqhubi, ugqirha wamazinyo kunye nombane bayafumaneka.
Ndichukumisekile kukuba abaseSwitzerland abanalo uxanduva "kwiyadi" yabo kuphela, kodwa bathathe inxaxheba ngononophelo kubomi belali kunye nesixeko, kwaye banohlobo oluthile loxanduva lwangaphakathi kunye / okanye olukhuliswe.
Inyani #3: Inkqubo yezopolitiko yaseSwitzerland iyodwa
Ukusuka kwinyani yesi-2 kulandela ukuba iSwitzerland lelinye lamazwe ambalwa kakhulu emhlabeni apho idemokhrasi ngokuthe ngqo inokwenzeka kwaye iyasebenza. Ewe, amaSwitzerland athanda kakhulu ukuvakalisa intando yawo nangaliphi na ixesha-ukusuka nokuba asebenzise izixhobo zokukhulula ii-avalanche ukuba zakha izindlu ezivela kwikhonkrithi okanye kwiiplanga ezinobume bendalo (eSwitzerland kukho iintaba, kukho izinto ezininzi eziluhlaza, kodwa oku kuthiwa kubulala ubuhle bendalo, kwaye ngokubanzi: kubonakala ngendlela embi, kodwa ngomthi "omhle" wawunzima).
Eyona nto iphambili apha - kwisiphithiphithi sokukhuthaza uvoto jikelele kunye nolwehlabathi jikelele - kukukhumbula ukuba ngaphezulu nje kwezigidi ezisi-8 zabantu abahlala eSwitzerland kwaye ukuququzelela ivoti kuwo nawuphi na umcimbi ngumsebenzi olula. Kwaye kulula ukuqokelela izibalo-thumela i-imeyile kunye negama lokungena lakho kwaye ugqibile.
Le yindlela ebonakala ngayo inkqubo yokuqokelela izibalo. Ukuze uvote, kusafuneka uye kwizikhululo zovoto ngokwakho, kodwa ngabemi kuphela abanelungelo lokuvota.
Ngendlela, oku kulula kakhulu kwaye kukuvumela ukuba uvelise idatha yezibalo ezifanelekileyo minyaka le. Umzekelo, idatha yedemografi yeminyaka yokugqibela ye-150 yembali yaseSwitzerland .
Inyani #4: Ukubhaliswa emkhosini kunyanzelekile eSwitzerland
Nangona kunjalo, inkonzo ngokwayo ayisiyonto yokutsala, ngokuqhubekayo ukuhlawula ityala lomntu kwi-Motherland ukusuka ecingweni kude kube kutshona ilanga, kodwa inkampu yezempilo enyanzelekileyo yamadoda ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-45 ubudala. Ngokwenene, iminyaka engama-40 yokuqala yobuntwana yeyona inzima kubomi bendoda! Nokuba umqeshi akanalo ilungelo lokwala ukuba umqeshwa ubizelwe kwinkampu yoqeqesho, kwaye ixesha elichithwe (ngokuqhelekileyo iiveki ezi-1-2) liya kuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo.
Kutheni inkampu yezempilo? Amajoni agoduka ngeempelaveki aze asebenze kanye ngeyure. Ngokomzekelo, xa ngenye intsasa yaqweqwediswa inqwelomoya kwilizwe elingummelwane lase-Itali yaza yathunyelwa eGeneva, ngoko kwenzeka ngebhaqo (usuku lokusebenza ukususela ngentsimbi yesi-8 ukuya kweyesi-6 ngokuhlwa kunye nekhefu ukususela ngentsimbi ye-12 ukuya kweye-13 ebusuku) umkhosi waseSwitzerland. .
Kukho intsomi eqhubekayo yokuba bonke abaseSwitzerland banikwa izixhobo zokugoduka emva kokusebenza emkhosini. Akunjalo kuwo wonke umntu, kodwa kuphela kulabo abayifunayo kwaye abayinikwa (oko kukuthi, mahhala), kodwa bayithenga kwakhona ngamaxabiso amancinci, kwaye kukho iimfuno zokugcina, kwaye kungekhona nje phantsi kwebhedi. Ngendlela, unako ukudubula ngesi sixhobo kuluhlu lokudubula ukuba uyazi i-servicemen.
ukusuka : Malunga ne-2008, bayekile ukukhupha izixhobo kuye wonke umntu. Iimfuno ezizodwa zokugcina (i-bolt eyahlukileyo) zisebenza kuphela kwizixhobo ezizenzekelayo, okt. ngexesha lenkonzo esebenzayo. Emva komkhosi, umpu uguqulwa ube yi-semi-automatic kwaye unokugcinwa njengezinye izixhobo ("azifumaneki kubantu besithathu"). Ngenxa yoko, amajoni akhutheleyo anompu kwisambrela ekungeneni kuyo, yaye ibholithi ilele kwidrowa yedesika.
I-referendum yamva nje (jonga inyani No. 3) iya kunyanzela urhulumente wesigqeba ukuba aphumeze imigangatho yaseYurophu yokuphatha izixhobo, oko kukuthi, ngokwenene kuya kuqinisa ubunikazi babo.
Ekhohlo: Umpu woMkhosi waseSwitzerland (amandla okubulala), ekunene: ukwaneliseka kokudubula kwi-B-1-4 (ukuba uyayazi into endiyithethayo) aka
Inyaniso yesi-5: ISwitzerland ayikho kuphela itshizi, itshokolethi, iimela kunye neewotshi
Abantu abaninzi, xa besiva igama elithi Switzerland, bacinga ngetshizi (iGruyère, Ementhaler okanye iTilsiter), itshokolethi (ngokuqhelekileyo iToblerone, kuba ithengiswa kuyo yonke imisebenzi simahla), imela yomkhosi kunye newotshi ebiza kakhulu.
Ukuba ucinga ngokuthenga iwotshi (oku kuquka iimpawu ezifana neTissot, iBalmain, iHamilton kunye nezinye), ngoko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 francs, phantse zonke iiwotshi zenziwe kwii-manufactories ezifanayo kunye nokuzaliswa kwazo zonke iiwotshi ziphantse zifana. Ukuqala kuphela kuluhlu oluphezulu (iRado, iLongines) yenza ubuncinci "iitshiphusi" zivele.
Ngapha koko, i-odolo yehlabathi eSwitzerland injalo ukuba itekhnoloji yenziwe kwaye iphuhliswe ngaphakathi kwelizwe, ezithi zithunyelwe ngaphandle kweli lizwe, kuba ilizwe lihlwempuzekile kwimithombo. Eyona mizekelo idumileyo yiNestlé milk powder kunye neOerlikon rifled barrels () apho i-Wehrmacht kunye neKriegsmarine zaxhotyiswa ngazo ngexesha leMfazwe yesiBini yeHlabathi. Kwangaxeshanye, ilizwe linezalo (I-ABB-amandla, i-EM Microelectronic-RFID, amakhadi ahlakaniphile, i-smart watch stuffing, njalo njalo ngokoluhlu lwemveliso), imveliso yayo yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neendibano, indibano yayo kaloliwe (i-double-decker). , umzekelo, eqokelelwe phantsi kweVilleneuve) kwaye ujonge phantsi uluhlu. Kwaye ndiza kuthi ngobuchule ndithule malunga nento yokuba isiqingatha esilungileyo seshishini loxubo mayeza siseSwitzerland (iLonza kwiqela elitsha eSierre, eRoche naseNovartis eBasel nakwindawo ezingqongileyo, iDeBioPharm eLausanne naseMartin.и (Martigny) kunye neenkampani ezininzi zokuqala kunye neenkampani ezincinci).
Inyaniso yesi-6: ISwitzerland yi-kaleidoscope yemozulu
ISwitzerland inalo namaqondo obushushu ahla ukuya kutsho -30 C, kukho eyabo iSochi (eMontreux, eMontreux), apho imithi yesundu evuthulukayo ikhula kakuhle nemihlambi yamadada etya ingca, kukho ezazo “intlango” (iValais), apho ukufuma komoya kuvela kwi-10 ukuya kuma-30. % unyaka wonke, kwaye isixa seentsuku zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka sidlula i-320, kwaye kukho iSt. Petersburg, njengeGeneva (kunye и ) okanye Zurich.
Ndijonge phambili kuNyaka oMtsha: kuseshushu kancinci eMontreux, kwaye sele kukho ikhephu ezintabeni.
Kuyinto ehlekisayo, iSwitzerland idume ngeendawo zokungcebeleka kwe-ski, kodwa izixeko ezininzi azifumani khephu elininzi, ngoko kaninzi azilisusi ikhephu, kodwa zicoce indlela yeemoto kunye nabahamba ngeenyawo - zilindele ukuba zinyibilike. Oohola bendlela, ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka bacocwe kuqala, kodwa kuphela ekuqaleni kosuku lokusebenza. Ngoku khawufane ucinge isixeko esisisiqingatha sesigidi, esifana neZurich, ngexesha lee-apocalypses...
Umzekelo wekhephu eZiyon ngoDisemba 2017 - ukuwa okupheleleyo. Kwaneqonga lesitishi lacocwa iintsuku eziliqela. IZiyon yayinenhlanhla kabini ngo-2017-2018 - okokuqala eyakhe , waza warhaxwa ehlotyeni. Nkqu nelebhu yethu yonakala. Kwaye mandikucele ukuba uqaphele, akukho Sobyanin.
ESwitzerland, yonke into isebenza njengewotshi echanekileyo, kodwa kamsinya nje lakuba likhephu, lijike libe yi-Itali. (c) ngumphathi wam.
Kwaye ke, kuyo yonke indlu kukho umntu onoxanduva lokucoca indawo yendawo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-concierge, kukho izixhobo zokucoca ezilula (umzekelo, ). Kwiidolophana, abahlali abaneemoto ezinkulu bane-blade ekhethekileyo kule nto. Coca yonke into ukuya kwi-asphalt okanye iithayile, ngaphandle koko iya kunyibilika emini kwaye iqhwale ebusuku. Yintoni evimbela abantu baseRashiya ukuba bahlangane kunye nokubeka iiyadi zabo ngokulandelelana, okanye bathenge isivuno esincinci esincinci (~ 30k ruble) kwezi njongo, kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo kum.
Ibali lendawo yokupaka enye eRashiyaKwenzekile ukuba malunga neminyaka eyi-8 edlulileyo ndinemoto, ndandiyithanda kwaye ndiphethe ifosholo kuyo, endandiyisebenzisa ukumba iindawo zam zokupaka. Ke ngosuku olu-1 kum kude neyadi ehluphekayo (iiSUVs ezivela eMazda kunye neTuaregs ziyinto eqhelekileyo) ndemba iindawo zokupaka ezi-4 ngokukhanya kwemini enye.
Kanye njengokuba kubudlelwane, yonke into ayimiselwanga ngubani otyalayo kubani, kodwa yintoni oyenzileyo ukuze kube lula kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Kufuneka uqale ngawe! Kwaye iTuaregs isaqengqeleka imikhondo eyadini nakwindawo yokupaka iimoto...
Inyaniso yesi-7: “Imbeko” eqhelekileyo
Ndixelele ngokunyanisekileyo, ugqibele nini ukuthi "molweni emva kwemini" kwaye "enkosi" kubasebenzi benkonzo? Kwaye eSwitzerland lo ngumkhwa ofanayo wokuphefumla kunye nokukhupha umoya, oqinisa kwiidolophana ezincinci. Umzekelo, apha phantse wonke umntu kuya kufuneka athi bonjour / guten Tag / buongiorno (molweni emva kwemini) ekuqaleni kwencoko, merci / Danke / gracie (enkosi) emva kwenkonzo ethile kunye bonne journée / Tschüss / ciao (ube nokonwaba day) xa uvalelisa. Kwaye kwi-haikkas, wonke umntu odibana naye uya kuthi molo kuwe - emangalisayo!
Kwaye oku akusiyo "i-hawai" yaseMelika, xa umntu ephethe izembe kwindawo ethile esifubeni sakhe ukuze agawule ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ujike. ESwitzerland, ekubeni ilizwe lincinci kwaye kude kube kutshanje kunye nabemi "basemaphandleni", wonke umntu uyabulisa, nangona ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa ngokunyanisekileyo kunase-USA.
Nangona kunjalo, ungalahlekiswa bububele kunye nobubele baseSwitzerland. Mandikukhumbuze ukuba ilizwe lineminye yemithetho engqongqo yokwenziwa kwabantu ngokwendalo, equka ubomi bokusebenza, ubuchule bolwimi, kunye neemviwo. Ububele ngaphandle, ubuzwe obuncinci ngaphakathi.
Inyani ye-8: Idolophana yaseSwitzerland yeyona nto iphilayo kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo
Okumangalisayo, kodwa kuyinyani: eSwitzerland, idolophana ayipheli nje kuphela, kodwa iphuhlisa kwaye yanda kakuhle. Inqaku apha alikho malunga ne-ecology kunye neengca eziluhlaza apho iibhokhwe kunye neenkomo zibaleka khona, kodwa zoqoqosho kuphela. Ekubeni iSwitzerland i-Confederation, irhafu (ngokukodwa, irhafu yengeniso yomntu) ihlawulwa apha kumanqanaba e-3: i-communal (idolophana / isixeko), i-canton ("ingingqi") kunye ne-federal. I-federal iyafana kumntu wonke, kodwa "ukukhwabanisa" - ngengqiqo yegama - kunye nezinye ezimbini kukuvumela ukuba unciphise kakhulu irhafu ukuba intsapho ihlala "kwidolophana".
Siza kuthetha ngeerhafu ngokweenkcukacha kwinxalenye elandelayo, kodwa okwangoku ndiza kuqaphela ukuba ukuba eLausanne, oko kukuthi, umntu uhlala esixekweni, umthwalo werhafu onemiqathango ngu ~ 25% ngomntu ngamnye, ngoko ke kwilali ethile eshiyiweyo. i-canton efanayo yeVaud, umzekelo, uMollie-Margot iya kuba ~ 15-17%. Kuyacaca ukuba ayinguwo wonke lo mahluko unokufakwa epokothweni yakho, kuba kuya kufuneka unakekele indlu ngokwakho, uchebe ingca, uhlawule imoto kwaye uye emsebenzini esixekweni, kodwa amaxabiso ezindlu aphantsi, ukutya kuphantsi. abakhule efama, kwaye abantwana banenkululeko yokubaleka emadlelweni.
Kwaye ewe, banesimo sengqondo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu emtshatweni. Ngamanye amaxesha irhafu kwintsapho engenabantwana inokugqithisa kakhulu irhafu kumntu omnye, ngoko ke ama-Swiss abangxami kangako ukubaleka kwiofisi yokubhalisa yendawo. Kuba uqoqosho kufuneka lube noqoqosho. Bade babamba novoto malunga nalo mba. Kodwa malunga neerhafu kwicandelo elilandelayo.
Inkqubo yezothutho
Ngokubanzi, kukulungele ukujikeleza iSwitzerland zombini ngemoto nangezithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Amaxesha okuhamba adla ngokuthelekiswa.
Oololiwe kunye nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke
Okumangalisayo kukuba, kwilizwe elincinci njengeSwitzerland (indawo iphantse ibe yi-2 encinci kunommandla we-Tver kwaye ithelekiseka nommandla waseMoscow), uthungelwano lwezothutho lukaloliwe luphuhliswe kakhulu. Masiyongeze kule nto iibhasi zePostAuto, ezenza kube lula ukuhamba phakathi kweelali ezikude, kodwa zihambisa iposi ngokwayo. Ke, unokufumana ukusuka naphi na elizweni ukuya nakweyiphi na enye.
Oololiwe baseSwiss ngoyena loliwe uxakekileyo ehlabathini, ingakumbi amatye amabini
Ukucwangcisa indlela yakho, bonisa ngokulula izikhululo zokuhamba kunye nendawo oya kuyo kwisicelo se-SBB. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo yahlaziywa kakhulu, ukusebenza kwandiswa, kwaye yaba ngumncedisi omkhulu xa ujikeleza ilizwe.
Amagama ambalwa malunga nembali ye-SBBKudala, iSwitzerland yayineenkampani ezininzi zabucala ezakha, zasebenza kwaye zilawula ukuhamba kwabakhweli kunye nempahla phakathi kwezixeko. Nangona kunjalo, i-orgy ye-capitalism (kwezinye iindawo abazange bavumelane phakathi kwabo, kwezinye banyusa iirhafu, njalo njalo) yaphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kunye nokudalwa kweziko lokulungelelanisa urhulumente - i-SBB, ngokukhawuleza. usindise "abanini abasebenzayo" kwiingxaki ezininzi kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu , ukwenza ukuba bonke abathwali bakaloliwe belizwe lonke.
Kule mihla, iintsalela zangaphambili "zobunewunewu" zinokubonwa ngobuninzi beenkampani "eziphantsi" ezibandakanyeka kwezothutho (i-MOB, i-BLS, njl.) kwaye zide zipeyinte oololiwe ngemibala eyahlukileyo komnye nomnye. Nangona kunjalo, bajongana kuphela nokuhamba kwendawo, kwaye i-SBB isalawula yonke into kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ndingathanda ngokukhawuleza ukuzoba umlinganiso: I-SBB yi-analogue ye-Russian Railways yaseRashiya, kodwa oku akuyonyani ngokupheleleyo. I-SBB yi "superbrain" eyenzelwe ukunqanda kunye nokulawula abathwali bengingqi ngabanye, ngelixa i-Russian Railways inesakhiwo esinzima kakhulu, apho iimoto zisebenza ngabanye, unxibelelwano loqhagamshelwano ngabanye, kunye nomzila ngabanye. Ngoko ke, ngokombono wam, iingxaki zonxibelelwano lukaloliwe lwethu.
Uthutho eSwitzerland lubiza kakhulu. Ukuba uthenga amatikiti kumatshini ngaphandle kwamaqhinga akhethekileyo, ungaphela ungenayo ibhulukhwe ngentsingiselo yokoqobo yegama! Ngokomzekelo, itikiti elivela eLausanne ukuya eZurich liya kubiza ~ 75 francs kwiklasi yesibini indlela enye kwiiyure ze-2, ngoko ke phantse bonke abantu baseSwitzerland banamatikiti exesha (AG, ukudlula kwengingqi, i-demi-tariff, njalo njalo). Abahlobo abasebenzela i-SBB bathi inani leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatikiti lifikelela kwiwaka! Kunye nesicelo se-SBB, kwaziswa ikhadi le-RFID jikelele - , engeyiyo kuphela ifom ye-elektroniki yamakhadi okuhamba, kodwa unokuyisebenzisa ukukhulula itikiti eliqhelekileyo okanye itikiti lokuphakamisa i-ski. Ngokubanzi, kulula kakhulu!
I-hypothesis malunga neendleko zamatikiti okanye i-demi-tariff inento yokwenza nayoI-IMHO, i-SBB yenza intshukumo ye-knight: ibala i-break-even cost of tickets, yongeza i-10% yayo, kwaye iphinda-phindwe nge-2 ukuze abantu bathenge eli khadi le-demi-tariff ye-180 francs ngonyaka. Makuthengiswe isigidi esi-1 kula makhadi ngonyaka (abemi ~ 8 yezigidi), kuba abanye bahamba ngokudlula kwingingqi, abanye nge-AG. Lilonke, sine-180 yezigidi zeefranc ngaphandle kweblue.
Le meko ikwaxhaswa kukuba kwi-2017 SBB yaqala ukusebenza , eziye zahanjiswa kubanikazi bamakhadi ahlukeneyo e-SBB ngendlela yeebhonasi, kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iindleko zamatikiti ngaphandle kweeyure eziphakamileyo.
Kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zesaphulelo kulutsha, umzekelo, iVoie 7 okanye iGleis 7 - ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-25 (kufuneka ufake isicelo sohlaziyo usuku olu-1 ngaphambi komhla wokuzalwa kwakho), ungaodola eli khadi nge ~ 150-170 ukongeza ikhadi lesiqingatha-xabiso (demi-tariff). Ikunika ilungelo lokuhamba kuzo zonke izitimela (iibhasi, iinqanawa kunye nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke zingabandakanywa) emva kwe-7pm (ewe, 19-zero-zero,Karl! I-18-59 ayibali!). Indlela efanelekileyo yokuba umfundi ajikeleze ilizwe.
Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa inqaku lalibhalwa, le mephu kwaye sazise enye, i-Seven25, ixabiso layo linyuke kakhulu.
Ukongeza, i-SBB isasaza eluntwini aka izixeko kunye neelali zinento ebizwa ngokuba ngamatikiti osuku (i-carte journaliere). Umhlali ngamnye kwidolophu ethile unelungelo lamatikiti anjalo aliqela unyaka wonke. Iindleko, ubungakanani kunye nokwenzeka kokuthenga kwahlukile kwi-commune nganye kwaye kuxhomekeke kwinani labahlali.
ukusuka : kuxhomekeke kuphela kwinani labahlali (elikhoyo esidlangalaleni kwiwebhusayithi ye-SBB), kwaye abahlali be-commune ngokwabo bathatha isigqibo kwintlanganiso kawonke-wonke ukuba bathathe inxaxheba okanye hayi, kwaye ukuba bathatha inxaxheba, ngoko bangakanani ukuthengisa ithikithi kubahlali babo. .
Imizekelo ye-carte journaliere kunye nendlela yokufumanaKwi-commune ye-Geneve (isixeko esikhulu) amatikiti angama-20-30 aya kufumaneka yonke imihla, kodwa axabisa i-45 CHF, ebiza kakhulu.
Kwi-commune ye-Préverenges (ilali) kuya kuba ne-1-2 amathikithi anjalo ngosuku, kodwa aya kubiza i-30-35 francs.
Kwakhona, iimfuno zamaxwebhu okuthengwa kwezi zitshintshi ukusuka kwi-commune ukuya kwi-commune: kwezinye iindawo i-ID yanele, kodwa kwezinye kufuneka uqinisekise ubunyani bendawo yokuhlala kwidilesi, umzekelo, ukuzisa ibhilikhwe kwinkampani yamandla. okanye ngefowuni.
Belle époque train kumgca weGolden Pass phakathi kweMontreux kunye neLucerne
Kwaye ewe, kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba yonke i-SBB idlula, ngaphandle kwezinto ezinqabileyo, igubungela ukuthuthwa kwamanzi, ininzi kuwo wonke amachibi aseSwitzerland. Ke, umzekelo, iminyaka embalwa ngoku sijikeleza iLake Geneva siphethe isonka samasi kunye newayini kwiinqanawa zodidi lwe-Belle époque.
Inqaku lethiyori yeyelenqe (malunga neHuawei)Ewe, ukujonga amatikiti udinga umfundi. Oyena mfundi wehlabathi lonke-i-NFC kwi-smartphone. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, bonke abaqhubi bakaloliwe babephethe ii-smartphones ze-Samsung, bathi behlise isantya kwaye ngamanye amaxesha bavele baqandusele, kwaye "kumqhubi wemoto" kwakufana nokufa - hayi ukujonga ishedyuli, okanye ukunceda. abo badinga ukudluliselwa. Ngenxa yoko, siyitshintshele kwiHuawei-yonke into isebenza kakuhle, ayicothi, ukuba uyayazi into endiyithethayo...
Kwaye ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi ye-5G ...
Inqanawa ye-Belle époque phakathi kweMontreux neLausanne
Ezinye iinqanawa zisenenjini yomphunga ngaphakathi kuzo!
Nangona i-SBB ikhula ngesantya esimangalisayo (iziseko ezitsha, idijithali, kubandakanya iibhodi zamanqaku - kungekudala akuyi kubakho ziguquguqukayo ezindala ezishiyekileyo, uloliwe omtsha ophindwe kabini eValais, njalo njalo), i-anachronism ebonakalayo ihleli, kunye ne-Ultra. -yanamhlanje inokuthi ihlale kunye ne-ultra-old. Ngokomzekelo, izitimela ezikhethekileyo kubalandeli, abalandeli abavela kwiminyaka engama-70 kunye "nezindlu zangasese zohlobo lwe-gravity" (c). Nabanye oololiwe abasuka eZurich besiya eChur (IC3) bafana ncam nale, singasathethi ke ngololiwe oya eDavos, apho ezinye iimoto zindala, ezinye zezanamhlanje.
Amaqhinga kunye neeHacks zobomi ezivela kwi-SBB kubafundi abanomdla
- Ukuba uhamba eSwitzerland kwiklasi yesibini kwaye ufuna ukusebenza, okanye kukho abantu abaninzi kwaye ufuna "ukuphefumla," uhlala nje emotweni yokutyela, u-odole ibhiya okanye ikofu nge-6 francs kwaye wonwabe. intuthuzelo. Ngelishwa, kuphela kwimigca ye-IC, kwaye ayizizo zonke. Enyanisweni, inxalenye yeli nqaku yabhalwa kwiindawo zokutyela ezinjalo.
- I-SBB inenkqubo , xa unokuthenga zombini itikiti kunye ne-ski pass ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ngokomgaqo, kude kube kutshanje isebenze kunye namakhadi ahlukeneyo okuhamba, umzekelo, i-AG. Enyanisweni, -10-15% yexabiso lokupasa ski.
- Kwindlela yeGoldenPass (MOB) kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeenqwelo: eziqhelekileyo, panoramic kunye ne-Belle époque. Kungcono ukhethe ezimbini zokugqibela okanye ngokulula Belle époque.
- I-app ye-SBB ikulungele kakhulu ukuthenga amatikiti. Ngamanye amaxesha ngeeyure eziphakamileyo kwizikhululo kukho umgca kumatshini wetikiti, kwaye ubukho besicelo esinjalo luncedo olukhulu. Ngendlela, ungathengela nabani na ohamba nawe itikiti.
Imoto vs izithuthi zikawonke-wonke
Lo ngumbuzo ovuthayo kwaye mhlawumbi akukho mpendulo ilula kuwo. Ngokwexabiso, ukuba nemoto kubiza kakhulu: i-3 francs ngonyaka kwi-AG yodidi lwesibini, kwaye i-traffic jams ihlala isenzeka (umzekelo, ebusika wonke umntu uhamba ngeskis ukusuka eValais ukuya eLausanne naseGeneva, ukugcwala kwetrafikhi kunwebeka kangange-500. -20 km) okanye ezinye iintlekele, njengaseZermatt ebusika be-30/2017 (ngenxa yee-avalanches, i-traffic ikhubazekile ngokupheleleyo ngeveki).
Ngemoto: hlawula i-inshurensi (efana ne-OSAGO, i-CASCO, i-inshurensi ye-TUV, ebonelela ngoncedo lobugcisa, njl.), Ukuphonsa imali ethile kwipetroli, nayiphi na i-breakdown encinci ijika ibe yimfuno kunye nenkcitho yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Kwaye ewe, iingcebiso zabahambi: xa ungena eSwitzerland, kufuneka uthenge into ebizwa ngokuba yi-vignette (~ 40 francs), ekunika ilungelo lokuhamba kwiindlela ezihamba phambili ngexesha lonyaka wekhalenda - uhlobo lwerhafu yendlela. Ukuba ungena ngohola wendlela, ke ulungele ukuba baya kukunyanzela ukuba uthenge i-vignette ngqo kwindawo yokungena. Ngoko ke, ukuba uqeshe imoto eFransi kwaye wagqiba ekubeni umise eGeneva imini, kungcono ukufumana indlela encinci yokuwela umda.
Nangona kunjalo, ndingagxininisa iindidi ezintathu apho impendulo icacile:
- Abafundi kunye nabafundi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 ubudala, abathi kwi- ~ 350 francs babe namakhadi amabini (i-demi-tariff kunye ne-voie7) kwaye banokuhamba ngokulula phakathi kwezixeko ezikhulu.
- Abantu abangatshatanga abahlala kwaye basebenze kwizixeko ezikhulu. Oko kukuthi, akunyanzelekanga ukuba bahambe baye okanye babuye emsebenzini suku ngalunye ukusuka kwilali ethile esemagqagaleni, apho ibhasi ifika izihlandlo ezimbalwa kusasa kunye namaxesha ambalwa ngokuhlwa.
- Utshatile kunye nabantwana - ubuncinane imoto enye kwintsapho iyimfuneko.
Kwelinye icala, umhlobo wam oseGeneva wafumana imoto kuba ukujikeleza umbindi wesixeko ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke kudla ixesha, kwaye kulula ukuya emsebenzini ngemizuzu eli-15 ecaleni kwendlela.
Kwaye kutshanje, kukho abakhweli beebhayisikile, abahamba ngeebhayisikile kunye neebhayisekile ezindleleni. Oku kungenxa yokuba indawo yokupaka ii-scooters/izithuthuthu ihlala isimahla kwaye eneneni zininzi zithe saa esixekweni.
Ukuzonwabisa kunye nokuzonwabisa
Unokuzihlaziya njani kobu bunzima, kodwa ixesha lokukhululeka emsebenzini? Injani imeko ngokuzonwabisa ngokubanzi?
Inkqubo yeNkcubeko: iithiyetha, iimyuziyam, iikonsathi kunye necinema
Masiqale ngento ephambili-i-dialectics zobomi benkcubeko yaseSwitzerland. Kwelinye icala, ilizwe limi kumbindi weYurophu ekudibaneni kweendlela ukusuka e-Itali ukuya eJamani kwaye ukusuka eFransi ukuya eOstriya, oko kukuthi, amagcisa ayo yonke imivimbo kunye nezizwe angamisa. Ukongeza, ama-Swiss ayanyibilika: i-50-100 francs yetikiti lomsitho lixabiso eliqhelekileyo, njengokuya kwindawo yokutyela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imarike ngokwayo incinci - kuphela abemi abazizigidi ezisi-8 (~ 2-3 yezigidi zabathengi abanakho). Ngoko ke, ngokubanzi kukho iminyhadala yenkcubeko, kodwa kaninzi kukho iikonsathi ezi-1-2 okanye imiboniso kwizixeko ezikhulu (iGeneva, iBern, iZurich, iBasel) kulo lonke elaseSwitzerland.
Kulandela ukuba amaSwitzerland athanda "ubugcisa" babo, njengekonsathi yabafundi , ebanjwa kwi-EPFL, okanye zonke iintlobo zeminyhadala (umnyhadala wasentwasahlobo, uSuku lukaPatrick iSt.
Ngelishwa, ubugcisa benkcubeko yengingqi obufana nethiyetha, umzekelo, bukumgangatho okhethekileyo kunye neepropathi - kumntu ofundayo kunye nengcali yolwimi.
Ngamanye amaxesha kukho imisitho eneenkcukacha zaseSwitzerland, ezinjengomculo we-organ kwiCathedral yaseLausanne enamawakawaka amakhandlela. Isiganeko esilolu hlobo sikhululekile, okanye itikiti lokungena libiza malunga ne-10-15 francs.
Amakhandlela angama-3700, nangona kunjalo.
Ekubeni inkcubeko yaseSwitzerland yinkcubeko yabalimi (amafama, abelusi) kunye namagcisa ahlukeneyo, iziganeko apha zifanelekile. Umzekelo, ukuhla kunye nokunyuka kweenkomo ezintabeni, imiqolomba igqithise (iintsuku zeeseli ezivulekileyo zabavelisi bewayini) okanye umthendeleko omkhulu wokwenza iwayini - (eyokugqibela yayikwindawo ethile kwiminyaka yoo-90s, kwaye ngoku iya kuba ngoJulayi 2019).
Ukwehla kwekwindla kweenkomo ukusuka ezintabeni kwiCanton yaseNeuchatel
Maxa wambi iziganeko ezinjalo ziphela kukufa kobusuku
Kukho iimyuziyam, kodwa umgangatho wabo kwakhona ushiya into efunekayo. Umzekelo, ungahamba ujikeleze imyuziyam yoonodoli eBasel kwiiyure ezimbalwa, kwaye itikiti lixabisa malunga ne-10 francs.
Iklasi yee-alchemists eziselula kwiMyuziyam yasePuppet eBasel
Kwaye ukuba ufuna ukuya kwaye undwendwele iimyuziyam zemineralogical kunye nezilwanyana, imyuziyam yemali, imyuziyam yembali ye-cantonal, kwaye ujonge imyuziyam yobugcisa, emva koko kuya kufuneka uhlawule iifranc ezingama-35. ukusuka : kanye ngenyanga ungandwendwela iimyuziyam ezahlukeneyo simahla (ubuncinci eLausanne).
Ukongeza, isakhiwo sigcina ilayibrari yeYunivesithi yaseLausanne, ngoko unokucinga ukuba luhlobo luni lwe "Hermitage" olulindele wena. Ke ngoko, ukuba yimyuziyam enqabeni, akufuneki ulinde i-tapestries yenkulungwane ye-14; ukuba yimyuziyam yeengqekembe, akufuneki ulinde ingqokelela yeArmory Chamber okanye iDayimane Fund, kungcono ukuyigcina. ingqwalasela kwinqanaba lemyuziyam yasekhaya.
Ibhotwe laseRyumin kwindawo yeRipon eLausanne.
Ewe, iLausanne ibizwa ngokusemthethweni njengekomkhulu le-Olimpiki, i-IOC, imibutho eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokunye okukhoyo apha, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, kukho imyuziyam ye-Olimpiki apho unokubona ukuba, umzekelo, iitotshi zitshintshile kwinkulungwane edlulileyo okanye ukuziva. nostalgic ngenxa Mishka-80.
IiOlimpiki zehlabathi eLausanne
Ngokufutshane malunga nefilimu. Kuhle ukuba iifilimu zihlala ziboniswa ngokubhalwa koqobo kunye nemibhalo engezantsi kwenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni zaseSwitzerland.
Uluntu lwaseRashiya kunye neziganeko
Ngendlela, kutshanje baye baqala ukuthutha amagcisa aseRashiya kunye neefilimu zaseRashiya ngobuninzi (ngexesha elithile bazisa iLeviyatan kunye neSidenge nge-Russian dubbing). Ukuba inkumbulo yam indikhonza ngokuchanekileyo, ke ngokuqinisekileyo i-ballet yaseRashiya yaziswa eGeneva.
Ukongeza, uluntu olukhulu lwaseRashiya luhlala lucwangcisa imicimbi yalo: ezi ziquka imidlalo ye "Yintoni? Phi? Nini?”, iMafia, kunye neeholo zokufundisa (umzekelo, ), kunye neziganeko ezifana ne "Immortal Regiment", eququzelelwe ngamavolontiya ngenkxaso yesebe le-consular, "Total Dictation" kunye ne "Soladsky Halt" ngu. .
Ngaphezu koko, kukho amaqela amaninzi kwi-FB kunye ne-VK (ngamanye amaxesha kunye nabaphulaphuli ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 yabantu), apho umgaqo wokuzihlanganisa usebenza: ukuba ufuna ukudibana, ukunqumla, ukulungelelanisa umcimbi, ubeka umhla. kunye nexesha. Nabani na owayefuna weza. Ngokubanzi, kuyo yonke incasa kunye nombala.
Ulonwabo lwangaphandle lwexesha
Ewe, ngoku makhe sibone ukuba yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uzonwabise ngamaxesha athile eSwitzerland ngaphandle kwamaphulo enkcubeko.
Ukuqala konyaka kubusika. Njengoko ndikhankanyile ngasentla, iSwitzerland idume ngeendawo zayo zokuchithela i-ski, apho kukho uninzi oluthe saa kwiiAlps. Kukho amathambeka amancinci angama-20-30 eekhilomitha, alingana nokunyuswa enye okanye ezimbini, kwaye kukho izigebenga ezingamakhulu aliqela eekhilomitha ezinezinyusi ezininzi, ezinje ngeentlambo ezi-4 (kubandakanya ezidumileyo. ), iSaas Valley (eyona idumileyo phakathi kwabo yi ), okanye ezinye .
Ngokwesiqhelo iindawo zokuchithela i-ski zivulwa ekupheleni kukaDisemba, ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bekhephu eliwileyo, ngoko ke phantse zonke iimpelaveki ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya ekupheleni kukaFebruwari zinikelwe kwi-alpine skiing, ikhephu, ukutyibiliza ikhephu, kunye ne-cheesecake skiing.aka tubing) kunye nolunye ulonwabo lweentaba nobusika.
Villars-sur-Gryon nje emva kweentsuku ezimbini zokuwa kwekhephu
Kakade ke, akukho mntu uye wakurhoxisa ukutyibiliza ekhephini rhoqo (kukho umkhondo wasimahla okanye ophantse wasimahla phantse kuzo zonke iilali ezisezintabeni), kunye nokutyibiliza emkhenkceni (ezinye zisezintabeni, kwaye ezinye kwiibhotwe zomkhenkce ezixekweni ngokwazo) .
Amaxabiso osuku olunye lokutyibiliza asusela kuma-30 (iindawo zokuchithela iiholide ezincinci okanye ekunzima ukufikelela kuzo) ukuya kutsho malunga nekhulu leefranc (ama-98 aya kuba ngqo kwiZermatt ngokufudukela eItali). Nangona kunjalo, unokonga kakhulu ukuba uthenge iipasi kwangaphambili - iinyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu kwangaphambili, okanye kwiinyanga ezintandathu kwangaphambili. Ngokukwanjalo neehotele (ukuba isicwangciso kukuhlala kwintlambo enye kangangeentsuku ezininzi), ezidla ngokufuna ukubhukishwa kwiinyanga eziliqela kwangaphambili.
Umbono weMrhumo we-Saas ovela e-Saas Grund
Ngokubhekiselele ekuqeshweni kwezixhobo, isethi: kwi-skiing alpine - ngokuqhelekileyo i-50-70 francs ngosuku, i-cross-country - malunga ne-20-30. Eyona nto ngokwayo ingabizi kangako, umzekelo, kwilizwe elingummelwane laseFransi iseti yezixhobo ze-ski ixabisa malunga ne-25-30 ye-euro (~40 francs). Ngaloo ndlela, usuku lwe-skiing, kubandakanywa ukuhamba kunye nokutya, kunokubiza i-100-150 francs. Ke ngoko, xa sele beyizamile, abatyibilizi okanye abagibeli barenta izixhobo zexesha lonyaka (200-300 francs) okanye bathenge eyabo iseti (malunga ne-1000 francs).
Intwasahlobo lixesha lokungaqiniseki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sele ngo-Matshi ezintabeni, i-alpine skiing ijika ibe yi-skiing yamanzi, ishushu kakhulu, kwaye i-skiing ayisekho mnandi. Kumnandi ukusela ibhiya phantsi komthi wesundu - ewe.
Ngo-Epreli kukho iPasika emnandi (impelaveki yeentsuku ezi-4), abantu abaninzi abayisebenzisayo ukuya kuhambo kwindawo ethile. Ngokuqhelekileyo ekupheleni kuka-Epreli kuba shushu kangangokuba kubanjwe iimarathoni zokuqala. ukusuka : kwabathanda ukutya .
Ewe, ukuba ucinga ukuba i-10 okanye i-20 km ayikho into, umphefumlo ufuna ububanzi, ngoko unokuzama . Ebudeni bolu gqatso, akufuneki ukuba ugubungele umgama weekhilomitha ezingama-26 kuphela, kodwa unyuke neemitha ezingama-3000 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Kwi-2018, irekhodi labasetyhini laliyi-2 iiyure ze-46 imizuzu, kumadoda - iiyure ze-2 ze-26 imizuzu.
Siyabaleka ngamanye amaxesha
NgoMeyi, oko kubizwa ngokuba yimiqolomba okanye iintsuku ze-cellars ezivulekileyo ziqala, xa, uhlawule i-10-15-20 francs kwiglasi entle, unokuhamba phakathi kwabavelisi bewayini (abayigcina kuloo "miqolomba") kunye nokunambitha. yona. Owona mmandla udumileyo ngu eziphantsi kokhuseleko lwe-UNESCO. Ngendlela, ezinye ii-distilleries zibekwe kumgama ohloniphekileyo, ngoko unokuthatha uhambo oluhle phakathi kwabo.
Kwaezo zidiliya zinye zeLavaux
Kwi-Ticino (kuphela kwe-canton yaseNtaliyane), bade bathi ekhoyo. Andazi ngebhayisekile, kodwa ekupheleni kosuku kunzima ukuma ngeenyawo.
Ngexesha lokungcamla okunjalo, ungathenga iwayini ukuze isetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo ngokubeka iodolo efanelekileyo kanye kwindawo apho umenzi wewayini.
Ividiyo ngokungqongqo 18+, kwaye kwamanye amazwe nkqu 21+
Ungaqalisa ukuhamba uhambo ngoMeyi aka ukunyuka kweentaba, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo akukho ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-1000-1500. Nayiphi na indlela yokuhamba ngeenyawo enotshintsho oluphezulu, ixesha eliqikelelwayo lokunyuka intaba, ubunzima, ishedyuli yezothutho zikawonke-wonke inokujongwa kwiwebhusayithi ekhethekileyo - . Umzekelo, kufutshane neMontreux kukho ebalaseleyo , leyo uLeo Tolstoy wayeyithanda, kwaye apho i-daffodils iqhakaza.
Iidaffodils ezimhlophe ezidubula ezintabeni ngumbono omangalisayo!
Summer: hamba-hamba-hamba kunye nokuzonwabisa kwechibi. Zonke iinyanga zasehlotyeni zinika ukunyuka kweentaba zobude obahlukeneyo, ubunzima kunye nokutshintsha kokuphakama. Kuphantse kufana nokucamngca: unokuzulazula ixesha elide kwindlela emxinwa yentaba kunye nokuzola kwentaba. Umsebenzi womzimba, indlala yeoksijini, uxinzelelo, kunye neembono zobuthixo lelona thuba lihle lokuqalisa ingqondo.
Utshintsho ukusuka eZermatt ukuya kwibhulorho yokunqunyanyiswa enesiqingatha sekhilomitha
Kakade ke, sukucinga ukuba ukuhamba intaba yinto enzima kakhulu yokunyuka kunye nokwehla; ngamanye amaxesha indlela ihamba phakathi kwamachibi apho unokuqubha khona.
Ichibi. Iimitha ezingama-2000 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Phakathi kuJulayi.
Ekubeni izithethi zaseRashiya zinentlonipho ekhethekileyo ye-shish kebab-mashlyk, malunga nenyanga kanye ngenyanga elunxwemeni lolwandle siququzelela usuku lweprotheyini kunye namafutha. Ewe, xa omnye umntu ezisa ikatala, urhatya olunomphefumlo alunakuphetshwa.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela imiba emibini apha: kwelinye icala, isixeko siququzelela izikhongozeli ecaleni kwendawo yebarbecue, kwelinye icala, abasemagunyeni besixeko ngokwabo bafaka kwaye baxhobise iindawo ezinjalo. Umzekelo, .
Ezona zinto zimbini zokuzonwabisa zasehlotyeni zizikhitshane/umatrasi ukukhwela phezu kwemilambo “yentaba” (eyona idumileyo ukusuka eThun ukuya eBern), kunye nezikhephe zolonwabo zasehlotyeni kumachibi amaninzi eSwitzerland.
Ngasemlanjeni wentaba ngesantya se-10-15 km ngeyure ungahamba ngenqanawa usuka eThun uye eBern ngeeyure ezi-4.
Ngomhla wokuqala ka-Agasti, iSwitzerland ibhiyozela ukusekwa kwelizwe ngeziqhushumbisi ezininzi kunye nemililo ejikeleze ichibi. Ngempelaveki yesibini ka-Agasti, iingxowa zemali zaseGenevan zixhasa iGrand Feu de Geneve, apho amawaka ee-fireworks aqhuma ngexesha le-1 iyure ukuya kumculo.
Ividiyo ye-4K epheleleyo kunyaka ophelileyo
Ukwindla yi-interseasonal blues phakathi kwehlobo nobusika. Elona xesha lingenakuqondwa eSwitzerland, kuba kubonakala ngathi sele ufuna ukutyibilika emva kwehlobo elishushu, kodwa akuyi kubakho khephu kude kube nguDisemba.
USeptemba uselihlobo elincinci. Unokuqhubeka neprogram yehlobo kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwi-marathons. Kodwa sele iphakathi ko-Oktobha imozulu iqala ukuwohloka kangangokuba kunzima ukucwangcisa nantoni na. Kwaye ngoNovemba ixesha lesibini leeseli ezivulekileyo liqala, oko kukuthi, ukusela ngokulangazelela ihlobo.
Ukutya kwemveli kunye nezitya zamazwe ngamazwe
Kukwafanelekile ukuthetha amagama ambalwa malunga nokutya kwendawo kunye nokutya. Ukuba iivenkile zichazwe kwi , ke apha ndingathanda ukuchaza ngokoqobo ukutya kwendawo ngokufutshane.
Ngokubanzi, ukutya kukumgangatho ophezulu kwaye kunencasa, ukuba awuthengi eyona xabiso liphantsi kwiDener. Nangona kunjalo, njengaye nawuphi na umntu waseRashiya, ndiyazikhumbula iimveliso zaseRashiya - i-buckwheat, i-oats ejikeleziweyo eqhelekileyo (i-monastery, i-rough, kuba yonke into yenzelwe ukugalelwa ngamanzi abilayo, i-cottage cheese (ingaba i-DIY, okanye kufuneka ulungiselele umxube we-cottage cheese kunye neSerac evela eMigros), i-marshmallows kunye nokunye
Ibali le-buckwheat enyeNgesinye isikhathi indoda yaseSwitzerland, ibona ukuba intombazana yaseRashiya idla i-buckwheat, yathi yamangaliswa kakhulu, kwaye ngokubanzi bayondla amahashe nge-buckwheat, kungekhona intombazana. Ngokuqhelekileyo eluhlaza. UOga, iSwiss ekhohlakeleyo...
Izitya zemveli zaseSwitzerlandaka I-Alpine) ukutya kungenxa yesizathu esithile esekelwe kwitshizi kunye nezinto ezidliwayo zendawo (iisoseji, iitapile kunye neminye imifuno) - i-fondue, i-raclette kunye ne-rösti.
I-Fondue yipani yetshizi enyibilikisiweyo apho ugalela kuyo yonke into engapheli.
I-Raclette yisonka samasi esinyibilikisiweyo. Kutsha nje .
Inkqubo yasimahla kwiraclette eyenziwe ngummi waseSwitzerland ngexesha leMidlalo yeOlimpiki yeHlobo kwilabhoratri yethu. EyeThupha 2016.
I-Rösti sisidlo "sokungavisisani" phakathi kweendawo zaseJamani kunye nesiFrentshi zaseSwitzerland, sinika igama laso kumda ongekho sikweni phakathi kweendawo ezimbini zelizwe - esele ikhankanyiwe. .
Ngaphandle koko, i-cuisine ayifani kakhulu nabamelwane bayo: i-burgers, i-pizza, i-pasta, i-sausage, inyama eyosiweyo - amaqhekeza kunye neziqwenga ezivela kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kodwa eyona nto inomdla kwaye ihlekisayo - andazi nokuba kutheni - iindawo zokutyela zaseAsia (isiTshayina, isiJapan nesiThai) zidume kakhulu eSwitzerland.
Uluhlu oluyimfihlo lwezona ndawo zokutyela zibalaseleyo eLausanne (ukuba luza luncedo kumntu othile)Petit yenkomo
Wok Royal
Nditye
La crêperie la chandeleur
Ookumkani abathathu
Chez xu
Bleu lezard
Le cinq
Elephant blanc
Iti yebhayibhile
Cafe du grancy
Movenpic
Aribang
Ichi ban
Umdiliya d'or
Zooburger
Taco taco
Chalet suisse
Pinte bessoin
Uluhlu olulinganiselweyo lwemikhosi "yeSoviet" kwiNgqungquthela yaseSwitzerland
Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza i-contingent ukuba enye indlela okanye enye iya kujongana nayo kwi-mountain-meadow expanses ye-Swiss Confederation.
Idibaniso enkulu, ewe, inokuthathwa njengeyantlukwano yenkcubeko neyesizwe apha: amaTatars, amaKazakh, amaCaucasus, ama-Ukrainian, amaBelarusians kunye neeBalts - zininzi zazo apha zivela kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokufanelekileyo, iiholide zeborscht, amadombolo okanye i-pilaf yokwenyani enongwe ngewayini yaseGeorgia yinyani yezizwe ngezizwe.
Makhe sidwelise amaqela aphambili (ngemivimbo engqindilili, ngoko kuthetha) kwibutho elilinganiselweyo lemikhosi yaseSoviet (i-95% yazalelwa kweli lizwe) kwi-Swiss Confederation ngokuhla kwamanani. Phakathi kwabahlobo bam kukho phantse onke amaqela adweliswe ngezantsi.
Okokuqala, uninzi lwabantu abasebenzisa i-Intanethi bakwiqela elithi "yazhmothers". Abasetyhini abafudukela eSwitzerland, betshate nommi waseSwitzerland, baxoxa ngeengxaki zabo “zabantwana”, babelane apho banokufumana khona i-cosmetologist kunye ne-makeup artist, kwaye baphosa imibuzo exhokonxayo a la "Kutheni indoda yaseRussia ingcono / imbi kuneSwitzerland umntu?” Kukho nabafazi bezindlu abaziingcali abaqhuba amaqela onke kwi-FB kunye ne-VK. Bahlala kula maqela kunye neeforam, benza abahlobo, bayakhubeka kwaye bade balwe. Ngelishwa, ngaphandle kwabo, la maqela ayengayi kubakho konke, kwaye akuyi kubakho umxholo ofanelekileyo wokutsala amalungu amatsha. Akukho nto yobuqu - ingxelo nje yenyani.
Okwesibini, abafundi, abafundi abaphumeleleyo kunye nabanye abantu abaye bafuduswa okwethutyana kumhlaba waseSwitzerland. Beza kufunda, ngamanye amaxesha bahlala besebenza kwizakhono zabo ezikhethekileyo, ukuba banethamsanqa (bona. malunga nomsebenzi). Abafundi banamatheko kunye nemisitho yabafundi, ehlala izinyaswa ngabantu bamazwe aphesheya abavela kwihlabathi liphela. Kubonakala kum ukuba eli qela elonwabileyo, kuba banethuba kunye nexesha kungekhona nje ukusebenza, kodwa kunye nokuphumla komgangatho. Kodwa akunjalo ncam!
Okwesithathu, abantu abavela kumazwe angaphandle abeze kweli lizwe njengeengcaphephe eziphume izandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo ababoni nto ngaphandle komsebenzi, baxakeke ngemisebenzi yabo kwaye abafane bavele kwimisitho jikelele. Ngelishwa, inani labo lincinci kakhulu xa lithelekiswa namaqela amabini angaphambili.
Okwesine, abafuna ubomi obungunaphakade obungcono abakwaziyo ukuvelisa umsebenzi omnye wokukhangela umsebenzi kunye neempazamo ezininzi zegrama kunye nokulinda umntu ukuba abaqeshe. Makhe ndiphinde ndikukhumbuze kwakhona: amaSwitzerland anobuzwe obuncinci kulo mbandela, ekunene nasekhohlo, abanikeli mvume yokusebenza kuwo wonke umntu.
Isihlanu, entsha kwaye ayikho kakhulu isiRashiya, aka "ii-oligarchs" ezinendawo yokugcina inqwelomoya eSwitzerland.
Kunzima ukuqokelela abantu abaninzi abahlukeneyo, kodwa ngeeholide kunye neziganeko ezinomdla eziqhelekileyo kuthi sonke - Usuku Lokuphumelela, uNyaka oMtsha okanye i-barbecue-mashlyk echibini - ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50-60 abantu banokwenzeka.
Ukutyelela imigodi apho ityuwa etafileni yombiwa kwidolophu yaseBex
Kuya kuqhubeka malunga necala lezemali lomba...
PS: Ukuvavanya umbandela, amagqabaza abalulekileyo kunye neengxoxo, umbulelo nombulelo ongazenzisiyo uya kuAnna, Albert (), uYura noSasha.
I-PPS: Umzuzu wentengiso. Ngokumalunga nefashoni yamva nje, ndingathanda ukukhankanya ukuba iYunivesithi yaseMoscow State ivula ikhampasi esisigxina kulo nyaka (kwaye sele ifundisa iminyaka emi-2!) Yeyunivesithi edibeneyo kunye neYunivesithi yaseBeijing Polytechnic eShenzhen. Kukho ithuba lokufunda isiTshayina, kunye nokufumana iidiploma ze-2 kanye kanye (iingcali ze-IT ezivela kwi-Moscow State University Computing kunye neMathematics Complex ziyafumaneka). Ungafumana ngakumbi malunga neyunivesithi, izalathiso kunye namathuba abafundi .
Ividiyo yokucaca malunga nesiphithiphithi esiqhubekayo:
umthombo: www.habr.com