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I-Linux kernel ijika iminyaka engama-28 ubudala

Ngo-Agasti 25, 1991, emva kweenyanga ezintlanu zophuhliso, umfundi oneminyaka engama-21 ubudala uLinus Torvalds. kwaziswa kwiqela leendaba le-com.os.minix malunga nokudalwa kweprototype esebenzayo yenkqubo entsha ye-Linux, apho ukugqitywa kwe-porting bash 1.08 kunye ne-gcc 1.40 yaqatshelwa. Ukukhutshwa kokuqala koluntu kwi-Linux kernel kwabhengezwa ngoSeptemba 17th. Undoqo 0.0.1 yayinobungakanani be-62 KB kwifom ecinezelweyo kwaye iqulethe malunga ne-10 lamawaka lemigca yekhowudi yomthombo. I-Linux kernel yanamhlanje inemigca yekhowudi engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-26. Ngokophononongo luka-2010 olugunyaziswe yiManyano yaseYurophu, ixabiso eliqikelelweyo lokuphuhlisa iprojekthi ukusuka ekuqaleni efana ne-Linux kernel yanamhlanje iya kuba. ngaphezu kwebhiliyoni Iidola zase-US (ubalo lwenziwa xa i-kernel inemizila ye-13 yezigidi zekhowudi), ngokutsho abanye Uqikelelo - ngaphezulu kwe-3 yeebhiliyoni.

I-Linux kernel iphefumlelwe yi-MINIX inkqubo yokusebenza, engayithandi uLinus ngenxa yelayisenisi yayo encinci. Emva koko, xa i-Linux yaba yiprojekthi eyaziwayo, abanqweneli abangalunganga bazama ukumangalela uLinus ngokukopa ngokuthe ngqo ikhowudi ye-MINIX subsystems. Uhlaselo lwagxothwa ngu-Andrew Tanenbaum, umbhali we-MINIX, owabela omnye wabafundi bakhe ukuba enze uthelekiso olucacileyo lwekhowudi yeMinix kunye neenguqulelo zokuqala zikawonkewonke zeLinux. Iziphumo uphando lubonise kuphela imidlalo emine yekhowudi encinci ngenxa yePOSIX kunye ne-ANSI C iimfuno.

U-Linus ekuqaleni wayecinga ukubiza i-kernel Freax, ukusuka kumagama athi "simahla", "freak" kunye no-X (Unix). Kodwa ikernel ifumene igama elithi "Linux" enkosi kuAri Lemmke, owathi, ngokucelwa nguLinus, wabeka ikernel Umncedisi we FTP iyunivesiti, ithiya uvimba wogcino-nkcukacha hayi β€œfreax”, njengoko uTorvalds ecelile, kodwa β€œlinux”. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba usomashishini oshishinayo uWilliam Della Croce wakwazi ukubhalisa uphawu lokuthengisa lweLinux kwaye wayefuna ukuqokelela imali yokuhlawula ngexesha, kodwa kamva watshintsha ingqondo yakhe waza wadlulisela onke amalungelo kwi-trademark kuLinus. I-mascot esemthethweni ye-Linux kernel, i-Tux penguin, yakhethwa njengesiphumo ukhuphiswano, eyaqhutywa ngowe-1996. Igama elithi Tux limele iTorvalds UniX.

Ukukhula kweentshukumo zekhowudi yesiseko (inani lemigca yekhowudi yomthombo) yekernel:

  • 0.0.1 - Septemba 1991, 10 amawaka imigca yekhowudi;
  • 1.0.0 - Matshi 1994, 176 amawaka imigca yekhowudi;
  • 1.2.0 - Matshi 1995, 311 amawaka imigca yekhowudi;
  • 2.0.0 - Juni 1996, 778 amawaka imigca yekhowudi;
  • 2.2.0 - ngoJanuwari 1999, i-1.8 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi;
  • 2.4.0 - ngoJanuwari 2001, i-3.4 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi;
  • 2.6.0 - December 2003, 5.9 million imizila yekhowudi;
  • 2.6.28 - December 2008, 10.2 million imizila yekhowudi;
  • 2.6.35 - Agasti 2010, 13.4 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi;
  • 3.0 - Agasti 2011, 14.6 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi.
  • 3.5 - Julayi 2012, 15.5 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi.
  • 3.10 - Julayi 2013, 15.8 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi;
  • 3.16 - Agasti 2014, 17.5 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi;
  • 4.1 - Juni 2015, 19.5 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi;
  • 4.7 - Julayi 2016, 21.7 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi;
  • 4.12 - Julayi 2017, 24.1 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi;
  • 4.18 - Agasti 2018, 25.3 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi.
  • 5.2 - Julayi 2019, 26.55 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi.

Inkqubela phambili yoPhuhliso:

  • I-Linux 0.0.1 - Septemba 1991, ukukhululwa kokuqala koluntu oluxhasa i-i386 CPU kuphela kunye nokubhuthwa kwi-floppy;
  • I-Linux 0.12 - ngoJanuwari 1992, ikhowudi yaqala ukuhanjiswa phantsi kwelayisensi ye-GPLv2;
  • I-Linux 0.95 - Matshi 1992, yongeza amandla okuqhuba i-X Window System, iphunyezwe inkxaso yememori ebonakalayo kunye nokwahlulahlula.
  • I-Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993, umsebenzi waqala kwi-stack networking. Inkqubo yefayile ye-Ext2 yaziswa, inkxaso yefayile yefayile ye-ELF yongezwa, abaqhubi bamakhadi omsindo kunye nabalawuli be-SCSI baqaliswa, ukulayishwa kweemodyuli ze-kernel kunye nefayile yefayile / yeproc yaphunyezwa.
  • Kwi-1992, ukuhanjiswa kokuqala kwe-SLS kunye neYggdrasil kwavela. Ngehlobo lika-1993, iiprojekthi zeSlackware kunye neDebian zasekwa.
  • I-Linux 1.0 - Matshi 1994, ukukhululwa kokuqala okusemthethweni;
  • I-Linux 1.2 - Matshi 1995, ukwanda okubonakalayo kwinani labaqhubi, inkxaso ye-Alpha, i-MIPS kunye ne-SPARC iqonga, izakhono ze-stack network eyandisiweyo, ukubonakala kwesihluzo sepakethi, inkxaso ye-NFS;
  • Linux 2.0 - Juni 1996, inkxaso kwiinkqubo ezininzi;
  • NgoMatshi 1997: I-LKML, uluhlu lokuposa lomphuhlisi we-Linux kernel lwasekwa;
  • Ngo-1998: Kwasungulwa iqoqo lokuqala elisekelwe kwi-Top500 Linux, eliquka ii-nodes ezingama-68 ezine-Alpha CPUs;
  • I-Linux 2.2 - ngoJanuwari 1999, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokulawula imemori, inkxaso eyongeziweyo ye-IPv6, iphunyezwe i-firewall entsha, yazisa inkqubo entsha yesandi;
  • I-Linux 2.4 - ngoFebruwari 2001, inkxaso yeenkqubo ze-8-processor kunye ne-64 GB ye-RAM, inkqubo yefayile ye-Ext3, inkxaso ye-USB, i-ACPI;
  • I-Linux 2.6 - Disemba 2003, inkxaso ye-SELinux, izixhobo zokulungisa iparameter ye-kernel ngokuzenzekelayo, iisysfs, inkqubo yokulawula imemori ehlaziyiweyo;
  • Kwi-2005, i-Xen hypervisor yaqaliswa, eyazisa kwixesha le-virtualization;
  • NgoSeptemba 2008, ukukhutshwa kokuqala kweqonga le-Android elisekelwe kwi-Linux kernel lenziwe;
  • NgoJulayi 2011, emva kweminyaka eyi-10 yophuhliso lwesebe le-2.6.x iphunyeziwe ukutshintshela kumanani 3.x. Inani lezinto kwi-Git repository lifikelele kwi-2 yezigidi;
  • Ngonyaka we-2015 yathatha indawo ukukhutshwa kweLinux kernel 4.0. Inani lezinto ze-git kwindawo yokugcina ifikelele kwi-4 yezigidi;
  • Ngo-Epreli 2018 walo nyaka ukoyisa Imbali ye-6 yezigidi zezinto zegit kwindawo yokugcina i-kernel.
  • NgoJanuwari 2019, kwasekwa isebe le-kernel Linux 5.0. Indawo yokugcina ifikelele kwi-6.5 yezigidi zezinto ze-git.

umthombo: opennet.ru

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