Umsebenzi: umlawuli wenkqubo

Ngokufuthi ukusuka kwisizukulwana esidala siva amagama omlingo malunga “nongeno kuphela kwincwadi yomsebenzi.” Inene, ndidibene namabali amangalisayo: umkhandi-umkhandi wodidi oluphezulu - umphathi weworkshop - umphathi weshifti - injineli eyintloko - umlawuli weplanti. Oku akunako kodwa ukusichukumisa isizukulwana sethu, esitshintsha imisebenzi kube kanye, kabini, nokuba yintoni na - ngamanye amaxesha amahlanu nangaphezulu. Sinethuba nje lokutshintsha iinkampani, kodwa lokutshintsha ubuchwephesha kwaye siqhele ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuphawuleka ngakumbi kwicandelo le-IT, apho kukho utshintshelo lomsebenzi ongaqhelekanga kunye notshintsho olumangalisayo kwinqanaba lomsebenzi, kokubini ukuya phezulu. 

Ukuqwalasela le nkqubo, siye safumanisa ukuba uluhlu lwemisebenzi alufunwa kuphela ngabantwana besikolo abakhetha iyunivesiti, kodwa nangabantu abadala abakhetha indlela. Ngoko ke, sagqiba ekubeni sithethe ngezinto ezikhethekileyo ezifunekayo kwintsimi ye-IT. Masiqale ngoyena usondeleyo kuthi - umlawuli wenkqubo. 

Kunjalo

Ngubani lo?

Umlawuli wenkqubo yingcali eseka, iphucula kwaye igcine isiseko se-IT yenkampani, kubandakanywa i-hardware, i-peripherals, isofthiwe kunye noqhagamshelwano lwenethiwekhi. Ngaba asiyonkcazelo esesikweni kakhulu leyo?

Yintoni eyenziwa ngumlawuli wenkqubo kuxhomekeke kubukhulu benkampani, intsimi yomsebenzi, amava kunye nezakhono zomlawuli ngokwakhe. Esikhundleni sokunika inkcazo, kungcono ukugqamisa iintlobo ezithile zabalawuli benkqubo.

• U-Enikey ngumlawuli wenkqubo ye-novice owenza i-hardware eyisiseko kunye nemisebenzi yokucwangcisa isofthiwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo umncedisi kumlawuli wenkqubo ephezulu okanye umlawuli kwinkampani encinci engeyiyo ye-IT evala iziganeko zangoku.
• Umlawuli wenkqubo (owaziwa ngokuba ngumlawuli oyinyaniso) ngumntu oqhelekileyo ojongene nokusebenza okuzinzile kunye nokungenazinkathazo kweziseko ze-IT, ukubeka iliso, ukuqhuba uluhlu, uxanduva lokhuseleko lomsebenzisi, ujongene namanethiwekhi, njl. Lo nguthixo oxhobileyo kunye neentloko ezininzi zeziseko ze-IT, othatha kuye uxanduva lokuqinisekisa ubomi be-IT bonke benkampani. Inokufumaneka phantse kuyo nayiphi na inkampani.
• Umakhi wenkqubo-injineli yingcali eyila iziseko ze-IT kunye noyilo lwenethiwekhi kwiinkampani ezinkulu.
• Umlawuli womnatha yingcali ebandakanyekayo ekusekweni nasekuphuhliseni uthungelwano olubonakalayo kunye nengqiqo kwinkampani, kunye nokulawula ukuhlawula, ukubalwa kwemali kunye neenkqubo zokulawula izithuthi. Kwimfuno kumaziko edatha, i-telecoms, iibhanki, iinkampani.
• Injineli yokhuseleko lolwazi yingcali eqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweziseko ze-IT kuwo onke amanqanaba. Kwimfuno kwiinkampani ezithintekayo ekuhlaselweni kunye nokungena kwenethiwekhi (oku kubandakanya i-fintech, iibhanki, imboni, njl.). 

Ngokufanelekileyo, emva kokuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngumlawuli wenkqubo, kungcono ukucwangcisa kwangoko ukuba uya kukhula kweliphi icala, kuba kwindawo ye-enikey awuyi kondla usapho lwakho kwaye awuyi kwenza umsebenzi.

Ifuneka phi?

Ndingatsho kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa oko kuya kuba bubuxoki. Ngesizathu esithile, iintloko zamashishini amancinci naphakathi angabikho zobugcisa zikholelwa ukuba yonke into "inokuthi ifakwe" efini, kwaye umlawuli wenkqubo unokuba yi-nerd engenayo kuphela. Ke ngoko, iinkampani zihlala zihlupheka kakhulu kwiziseko eziqhwalelayo ze-IT (ngokuchanekileyo, i-IT mess), kodwa aziqeshe umlawuli wenkqubo. Ukuba ulawula ukungena kwinkampani enjalo, ngoko kwi-99% yamatyala kufuneka ucinge ngokusebenza kwinkampani njengamava kwaye uqhubele phambili, kwaye kuphela kwi-1% yamatyala olawula ukukholisa umphathi, ube yimfuneko kwaye wakhe indawo efanelekileyo ye-IT enezakhiwo eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo (apha ndiyichaza ngokuthe ngqo kumzekelo wangempela!). 

Kodwa kwiinkampani apho i-IT iyindawo ephambili yomsebenzi (ukubamba, abaphuhlisi, njl.njl.) okanye igubungela umsebenzi osebenzayo (ukuhanjiswa, iivenkile ezikwi-Intanethi, iibhanki, iivenkile, njl.njl.), umlawuli wenkqubo ngokukhawuleza uba yingcali efunwayo. inokukhula kwicala elinye okanye ngaphezulu. Njengoko i-automation iqhubeka nokuthatha iinkampani, ukufumana inqanaba lokungena kunye nenqanaba eliphakathi imisebenzi yesysadmin akufanele kube nzima kakhulu. Kwaye xa uthe waba yingcali yokupompa, iinkampani ziya kukulwela, kuba zininzi ii-enkeys, kodwa, njengakwezinye iindawo, zimbalwa kakhulu iingcali. 

Ngexesha loku kubhalwa kukho izithuba ezingama-67 kwinkonzo yeHabr Careerezinxulumene nolawulo lwenkqubo. Kwaye unokubona nje ukuba uluhlu "lobungcali" lubanzi: ukusuka kumqeshwa wenkxaso yezobuchwepheshe ukuya kukhuseleko lolwazi kunye neengcali ze-DevOps. Ngendlela, ukusebenza kwinkxaso yobugcisa ekuqaleni ngokukhawuleza, ngokufanelekileyo nangokunzulu kuphucula inani lezakhono ezixabisekileyo kumlawuli wenkqubo.

umvuzo ophakathi

Siza kujonga imivuzo kwakhona "Umsebenzi weHabr". 

Masithathe umvuzo oqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokugqamisa izakhono ze "System Administrator" kunye ne "DevOps" ngokwedatha yesiqingatha se-2 se-2019. Ezi zezona zikhethekileyo zithandwa kakhulu kwicandelo "loLawulo", kunye nommeli obalaseleyo. Makhe sithelekise.

Inqanaba lengcali

Umlawuli weNkqubo

DevOps

umfundi oqeqeshelwa umsebenzi

25 900

akukho bafundi

omncinci

32 560

69 130

umndilili

58 822

112 756

aphezulu

82 710 

146 445

inkokeli

86 507

197 561

Amanani, ngokuqinisekileyo, anikwe ingqalelo eMoscow; kwimimandla imeko ithobeke ngakumbi, kodwa, ngokwempawu, umlinganiselo uphantse ufana. Kwaye kubonakala kum ukuba umahluko onjalo ulungile, kuba i-DevOps ngokwenene iqhubele phambili kwizakhono (ukuba sithetha nge-canonical DevOps, kwaye kungekhona abo banegama elifanayo).

Ekuphela kwento endingathandi ukuyicebisa kukuthatha i-junior devops emva kwekholeji. Abafana bethiyori abangazi nokuba i-dev okanye i-ops bajongeka bephakathi ekuqaleni, baphuhla kakubi ngenxa yokungaqondi ukuba bahambe phi kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo abafanelekanga ukuba nemali. Nangona kunjalo, kwiingcali ezimxinwa kufuneka kubekho abalawuli abanamava ngakumbi abaye badlula emlilweni, emanzini, kwimibhobho yobhedu, i-bash kunye ne-PowerShell scripts. 

Iimfuno ezisisiseko zengcali

Iimfuno zomlawuli wenkqubo ziyahluka ukusuka kwinkampani ukuya kwinkampani (ezinye zifuna ulwazi lwe-1C, i-1C-Bitrix, i-Kubernetes, i-DBMS ethile, njl.), kodwa kukho iimfuno ezininzi ezisisiseko eziyimfuneko kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na inkampani. 

• Ulwazi kunye nokuqonda imodeli yenethiwekhi ye-OSI kunye neeprothokholi ezisisiseko.
• Ulawulo lwe-Windows kunye/okanye inkqubo yokusebenza ye-Unix, kuquka imigaqo-nkqubo yeqela, ulawulo lokhuseleko, ukudala umsebenzisi, ukufikelela kude, umsebenzi womyalelo womyalelo nokunye okuninzi.
• Ukubhalwa kwe-Bash, i-PowerShell, ekuvumela ukuba wenze ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokwandisa imisebenzi yolawulo lwenkqubo yesiqhelo. 
• Ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kweePC, izixhobo zeseva kunye neeperipherals.
• Sebenza ngokuseta kunye nokuhambisa iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter.
• Ukusebenza ngeeseva zeposi kunye neeseva zefowuni.
• Ukufakwa kweenkqubo zeofisi kunye nezicelo.
• Ukubeka iliso kuthungelwano neziseko zophuhliso. 

Esi sisiseko esifuna ukulawulwa kumgangatho olungileyo, nokuzithemba. Kwaye akulula njengoko kubonakala ngathi: ngasemva kwenqaku ngalinye kukho amaqhinga amaninzi, iimfihlo zobuchule, izixhobo eziyimfuneko zesoftware, imiyalelo kunye neencwadi. Ngendlela elungileyo, sebenza ngokuzifundisa ngelixa usebenza ngokusisigxina kumsebenzi wakho ophambili ubuncinci unyaka.

Funda kwaye uqonde le joke.

Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu

Umlawuli wenkqubo yingcali engakwaziyo ukuzimela yedwa kwinkampani nakwimekobume yobungcali. Uhlala enxibelelana nabantu ngefowuni kunye nomntu, ngoko kuya kufuneka anqobe iimpawu zakhe ezingenangqondo. Umlawuli wenkqubo kufuneka abe:

• ukumelana noxinzelelo - ukujamelana nokuziphatha okungafanelekanga komsebenzisi, inani elikhulu lomsebenzi kunye nokunxibelelana nabaphathi;
• i-multitasking - njengomthetho, ulawulo lweziseko ze-IT lubandakanya umsebenzi osebenzayo kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, isisombululo saxeshanye semisebenzi emininzi, ukuhlalutya iziganeko ezininzi ngexesha elinye;
• abo bazi indlela yokulawula ixesha - ukucwangciswa okuqinileyo kuphela kuya kubasindisa kwi-screw-ups, ukuphazamisa umsebenzi kunye nemihla yokugqibela yemisebenzi;
• abanxibelelanisi - abakwazi ukumamela, bahlalutye kwaye baqonde oko abasebenzisi bafuna ukuthetha (ngamanye amaxesha oku kunzima kakhulu);
• abo banengqondo yobugcisa - maye, ngaphandle kokukwazi ukucinga ngobunjineli, ngokwenkqubo kunye ne-algorithmically, akukho nto yokwenza kulawulo lwenkqubo.

Imfuneko yolwazi lweelwimi zasemzini

Ukuba inkampani ibeka iimfuno zolwazi lweelwimi kwaye zisebenza kwiingcali, ngoko umlawuli wenkqubo kufuneka ahambelane nale migaqo (umzekelo, inkampani inikezela ngeenkonzo zokukhupha ngaphandle kweenkampani zangaphandle). Kodwa ngokubanzi, umlawuli wenkqubo kufuneka aqonde imiyalelo esisiseko kunye nemiyalezo yenkqubo ngesiNgesi - kuninzi, oku kwanele.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukukhula kumsebenzi wakho, fumana izatifikethi zamazwe ngamazwe, kubandakanya iCisco, kwaye ube ngowokuqala ukuqonda itekhnoloji ephucukileyo, uya kufuna ubuncinci IsiNgesi esiPhakathi esiPhakathi. Ndincoma kakhulu ukwenza olu tyalo-mali kuphuhliso lobuchwephesha; eli ayilonqanaba lihle kakhulu; kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwazi ukulilawula ngaphandle kobuchule bolwimi.

Indawo yokufunda

Umsebenzi womlawuli wenkqubo unomdla kuba akukho mfuneko yoqeqesho oluthile lokungena kwi-specialty, kuba akukho candelo elikhethekileyo lokufundisa indlela yokuba ngumlawuli wenkqubo. Ekuqaleni, yonke into ixhomekeke kuwe - ukuba ulungele kangakanani ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo ithiyori kunye nokusebenza, usebenze kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza (iWindows kunye ne-Unix), i-peripherals, kunye nokhuseleko. Ngapha koko, ikhompyuter yakho kufuneka ibe ilebhu yakho yemfundo (kwaye kungcono nokuba unomatshini owahlukileyo wemisebenzi enjalo ukuze inkqubo ingaphazamisi umsebenzi wakho ophambili kunye nokufunda).

Ukutsho ukuba umlawuli wenkqubo ngumsebenzi ngaphandle koqeqesho kwaye ininzi yabantu abazifundisayo bubugebengu nje kwixesha lethu, kuba sibona inqanaba labalawuli benkqubo abahlawulwa kakuhle. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho iseti "yakudala" esisiseko oya kuyidinga.

• Imfundo esisiseko, ngokukhethekileyo yobugcisa, iya kukunika ukuqonda iziseko zokucinga nge-algorithmic, ubunjineli, i-electronics, njl. Kuya kuququzelela kakhulu ukuqonda okukhethekileyo kunye nokukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwayo. Ukongeza, ungakulibali ukuba uninzi lwabaqeshi baseRussia, idiploma iseluxwebhu olubalulekileyo xa uqesha.
• Izatifikethi esinye okanye ezingaphezulu zeCisco ziya kuphucula kakhulu izakhono zakho kwaye zenze ukuba ukuqhubeka kwakho kukhuphisane. Ngokomzekelo, i-Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT) yinqanaba lokuqala leNjineli yobuchwephesha benethiwekhi yeCisco okanye i-Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Umzila kunye noTshintsho sesinye sezatifikethi ezisisiseko zokungena. Uya kudibana neCisco phantse kuyo nayiphi na inkampani, ngakumbi enkulu. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, esi satifikethi sobuchwephesha singumgangatho wegolide wonxibelelwano. Kwixesha elizayo, unako "ukufumana" amanqanaba aseleyo, kodwa, ndiya kukuxelela imfihlo, ngeendleko zomqeshi 😉
• Ngokuxhomekeke kwiprofayile yakho yomsebenzi, unokufumana izatifikethi ezifanelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokusebenza, ukhuseleko, uthungelwano, njl. Lawa ngamaphepha afunwa ngokwenene ngabaqeshi, kwaye ngokwam amava ndiya kuthetha ukuba ngelixa ulungiselela iimviwo, uqhelana ngokupheleleyo nesihloko. Ukuba awuzifundeli ngokwakho, kodwa uzilinganisele kuphela kwikhosi, phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba uphumelele uviwo.
• Kukho enye indlela yemfundo - iikhosi ezibanzi zeWindows kunye nabalawuli benkqubo ye-Unix. Ngokuqinisekileyo, okuninzi kuxhomekeke kutitshala kunye nombutho osisiseko oqhuba ikhosi, kodwa umgangatho wekhosi unokudanisa i-100%. Okwangoku, kunye nokudibanisa okuyimpumelelo kweemeko, ikhosi enjalo yenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokucwangcisa ulwazi kunye nokulubeka kwiishelufu. Ukuba usenza isigqibo sokufumana imfundo eyongezelelweyo, ungakhethi iyunivesiti, kodwa iyunivesiti yenkampani, apho iintetho kunye nokusebenza zinikezelwa ngabaqeqeshi bokwenene, abakhutheleyo, kwaye kungekhona i-theorists esuka kwi-90s. 

Umlawuli weNkqubo yinto ekhethekileyo efuna uqeqesho oluqhubekayo kwiiteknoloji ezintsha, izixhobo zokhuseleko, iinkqubo zolawulo lweziseko ze-IT, njl. Ngaphandle kokucwiliswa ngokuqhubekayo kwizinto ezintsha, uya kulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza isakhono sakho kunye nexabiso kwimarike.

Awuyi kukwazi ukudlula izinto ezisisiseko kwaye ube yingcali epholileyo - ngaphandle kolwazi lwe-architecture ye-PC, iseva, ukuqonda imigaqo yokusebenza kwesicelo kunye nesofthiwe esebenzayo, iinkqubo zokusebenza, akukho nto iya kusebenza. Ke ngoko, ithisisi "ukuqala ukusuka ekuqaleni" ibaluleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili kubalawuli benkqubo.

Iincwadi eziBalaseleyo kunye neZixhobo zokuFunda

1. I-classic ngu-Andrew Tanenbaum: i-Computer Architecture, i-Computer Networks, i-Modern Operating Systems. Ezi ziincwadi ezintathu ezityebileyo, nangona kunjalo eziye zadlula kwiintlelo ezininzi kwaye zibalaseleyo ukuba uzifunde kwaye uziqonde. Ngaphezu koko, kwabanye abalawuli benkqubo, uthando lwabo ngomsebenzi luqala ngezi ncwadi.
2. T. Limoncelli, K. Hogan "UkuSebenza kweNkqubo kunye noLawulo lweNethiwekhi" yincwadi emangalisayo "yesikhokelo sobuchopho" yokucwangcisa ulwazi lomlawuli wenkqubo esele yenziwe. Ngokubanzi, uLimoncelli uneencwadi ezininzi ezilungileyo kubalawuli benkqubo. 
3. R. Pike, B. Kernighan “Unix. Ubume beSoftware", kunye nezinye iincwadi zikaKerningan
4. UNoah Gift "Python kuLawulo lweNkqubo yeUNIX kunye neLinux" yincwadi ebalaseleyo yabalandeli bomsebenzi wolawulo oluzenzekelayo.

Ukongeza kwiincwadi, uya kufumana iincwadana zomthengisi, uncedo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi kwiinkqubo zokusebenza kunye nezicelo, imiyalelo kunye nemimiselo eluncedo - njengomthetho, kulula ukufumana yonke ingcaciso oyifunayo kuzo. Kwaye ewe, zihlala zingesiNgesi kwaye zibi kakhulu kwindawo yaseRussia.

Kwaye, ewe, iHabr kunye neeforam ezikhethekileyo luncedo olubalaseleyo kubalawuli benkqubo kulo naliphi na inqanaba. Xa kwafuneka ndifunde isayensi yeWindows Server 2012, uHabr waba luncedo olukhulu- emva koko sazana ngcono.

Ikamva lomlawuli wenkqubo

Ndivile malunga nokuthotywa kobuchwephesha bolawulo lwenkqubo kwaye iingxoxo ezixhasa le thesis zingaphezu kobuthathaka: iirobhothi ziyakwazi ukuyiphatha, umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa wamafu ngaphandle komlawuli wenkqubo, njl. Umbuzo wokuba ngubani olawula amafu, umzekelo, kwicala lomnikezeli, uhlala evulekile. Enyanisweni, umsebenzi womlawuli wenkqubo awuthobi, kodwa uguqulelwa ekuntsokothweni okukhulu kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu. Ke ngoko, ukuba uyakhetha, iindlela ezininzi zivula phambi kwakho.

• I-DevOps okanye i-DevSecOps yinto ekhethekileyo ekudibaneni kophuhliso, ulawulo kunye nokhuseleko. Okwangoku, ingqalelo kwi-DevOps ikhula kuphela kwaye lo mkhwa uya kuqhubeka, uphuhlisa ukuya kwi-containeration, izicelo ezilayishiweyo kunye neenkqubo, i-microservice architecture, njl. Phonononga yonke le nto ngelixa ijongeka njengeyona nto iphambili kwikamva. 
• Ukhuseleko lolwazi yenye indawo yophuhliso. Ukuba iingcali zokhuseleko lolwazi lwangaphambili zifunyenwe kuphela kwii-telecoms kunye neebhanki, namhlanje ziyafuneka phantse kuyo nayiphi na inkampani ye-IT. Ummandla awulula, uya kufuna ulwazi ekuphuhliseni, ukukhwabanisa kunye nokukhusela iinkqubo - oku kunzulu kakhulu kunokufaka i-antivirus kunye nokumisela i-firewall. Kwaye, ngendlela, kukho izinto ezikhethekileyo zokhuseleko lolwazi kwiiyunivesithi, ke ukuba usekuqaleni kohambo lwakho, unokufaka isicelo ngoko nangoko ngokweprofayile yakho, kwaye ukuba "uyindoda endala," ngoko unokujonga. inkqubo ye-master yokwandisa ulwazi lwakho kwaye ube nediploma.
• CTO, CIO - izikhundla zobunkokeli kwintsimi ye-IT okanye amasebe e-IT yeenkampani. Indlela ebalaseleyo kwabo bathi, ukongeza kwiinkqubo zokucinga kunye nothando lwetekhnoloji, banolawulo kunye nobuchule bezemali. Uya kulawula yonke isiseko se-IT, ufezekise ukuphunyezwa okunzima, ukwakha izakhiwo zeshishini, kwaye oku, ngokuqinisekileyo, kuhlawula kakuhle kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uqheliselo lubonisa, i-CTO/CIO kwinkampani enkulu ikwathetha ukukwazi ukuthetha-thethana, ukuchaza, ukuthethelela kunye nokwahlula uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali; ezi zimithambo-luvo kunye noxanduva.
• Qala ezakho ii-bissnes. Umzekelo, zibandakanya kulawulo lwenkqubo kunye nenkxaso yeenkampani njengomthengisi. Emva koko uya kukwazi ukwakha ishedyuli yakho, ucwangcise inzuzo kunye nomsebenzi, kwaye unike ezo nkonzo zisebenza kakuhle kuwe. Kodwa oku akuyona indlela elula, zombini ukusuka kwinqanaba lokukhangela kunye nokugcina isiseko somthengi, kwaye ukusuka kwinqanaba lokulawula, imali kunye nomthetho. 

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ungangena kwi-telecom, uphuhliso, abaphathi beentengiso kwiimveliso eziyinkimbinkimbi (ngendlela, ukhetho olubiza kakhulu!), kunye nokuthengisa - konke kuxhomekeke ekuthandeni kwakho kunye nokuqonda kobuchule. Okanye ungahlala ungumlawuli wenkqubo epholileyo kwaye wenze yonke into edwelisiweyo ngokomvuzo kunye nezakhono. Kodwa ukuba oku kwenzeke, umnqweno wakho kunye namava akho kunye nokulawulwa kokuqonda kwenkampani yakho ngokubaluleka kweziseko ze-IT kufuneka zihlangane (kwaye oku kunqabile ngokwenene). 

Iintsomi zomsebenzi

Njengawo nawuphi na umsebenzi, ulawulo lwenkqubo lujikelezwe ziintsomi. Ndiya kukuvuyela ukugxotha ezona ziqhelekileyo.

• Abalawuli benkqubo bangumsebenzi osebenzayo. Hayi, lo ngumsebenzi wobukrelekrele, ontsonkothileyo kunye ne-multitasking kunye nomthwalo onzima, kuba kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, isiseko se-IT sithetha kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na inkampani.
• IiSysadmins zingendawo. Hayi, abaqhelekileyo - ngokomlingiswa womnini womsebenzi. Kodwa bacatshukiswa ngokwenene ngabasebenzisi abangakwaziyo ukuchaza ingxaki okanye, yintoni elungileyo, bazicingele njengabahlaseli kwaye, ngaphambi kokuba bacele uncedo, bandise ingxaki kakhulu.

  
  Hayi ububi, kodwa kuyingozi!

• Abalawuli benkqubo abayidingi imfundo. Ukuba awufuni ukuchitha ubomi bakho bonke "ukulungisa izitovu zePrimus" kunye nokwenza izinto ezisisiseko ezifana nokufaka i-antivirus kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kufuneka ufunde rhoqo, ngokuzimeleyo kunye nezifundo eziqinisekisiweyo. Imfundo ephakamileyo iya kunceda ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuzifundela kunye nombono wolwazi olunzima lwezobuchwepheshe. 
• Abalawuli benkqubo bangama-slackers. Owu, yintsomi endiyithandayo le! Umlawuli wenkqubo olungileyo usebenza kunye nesoftware yolawulo lweziseko zophuhliso lwe-IT kwaye ugcina inkqubo yonke ngokulandelelana. Oku kuthatha ixesha elininzi, rhoqo kufuna umsebenzi wexesha elongezelelekileyo, kodwa ngaphandle, ewe, kubonakala ngathi umlawuli wenkqubo uhleli nje kwiPC, njengathi sonke. Emehlweni omntu oqhelekileyo, oku kukuphazamiseka: umlawuli kufuneka azibophe ngeengcingo kwaye agijime kunye ne-crimper kunye ne-stripper ekulungele. Ubudenge, ngokufutshane. Nangona kungekho mntu ungenasono, ngokukhawuleza uya kuva intlungu yomlawuli wenkqubo eyonqenayo.
• Abalawuli benkqubo ababi, banxiba ijezi ezoluliweyo kwaye baneendevu. Ukubonakala komlawuli wenkqubo akuchazwanga nayiphi na imigangatho kwaye kuxhomekeke kuphela kwizinto azikhethayo.

Kodwa ngokubanzi, kukho uhlaziyo kuzo zonke iziqhulo, kwaye ngokubanzi, abalawuli benkqubo banemibala, abafana abanomdla, abanesitayile esikhethekileyo sonxibelelwano. Ungasoloko ufumana ulwimi oluqhelekileyo kunye nabo.

Ingcebiso ephezulu

Imimangaliso ayenzeki kwaye awuyi kuba ngumlawuli wenkqubo ephezulu ukuba uhlala kwiofisi encinci kwaye wenze umsebenzi osisiseko. Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kutsha, uphoxeke ngomsebenzi wakho, kwaye ubanga ukuba ngowona msebenzi umbi emhlabeni. Ke ngoko, phuhlisa, utshintshe imisebenzi, ungayiphepheli imisebenzi enomdla kwaye enzima - kwaye ngaphambi kokuba uyazi, uya kuba yingcali yokwenyani efunwayo kwaye ehlawulwa kakhulu. 

PS: Kwizimvo, njengesiqhelo, silindele iingcebiso kubalawuli benkqubo abanamava kunye namabali malunga nento ekuncedileyo kumsebenzi wakho, ukuba ufike njani kulo msebenzi, into oyithandayo ngayo kunye nento ongayifuniyo. Injani inkqubo yolawulo ngo-2020?

umthombo: www.habr.com