Umbuzo othi "indlela yokuphumeza i-devops" sele ikhona iminyaka, kodwa akukho zixhobo ezininzi ezilungileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha uba lixhoba leentengiso ezivela kubacebisi abangenangqondo abafuna ukuthengisa ixesha labo, nokuba njani. Ngamanye amaxesha la ngamazwi angacacanga, aqheleke kakhulu malunga nendlela iinqanawa ezinkulu ezilima ngayo indalo iphela. Umbuzo ophakamayo: ingaba yintoni le nto kuthi? Mbhali othandekayo, ngaba ungaziqulunqa ngokucacileyo izimvo zakho kuluhlu?
Konke oku kubangelwa kukuba akukho nto ingako yokwenyani kunye nokuqonda iziphumo zenguqu yenkcubeko yenkampani eqokelelweyo. Utshintsho kwinkcubeko zizinto zexesha elide, iziphumo ezingayi kubonakala ngeveki okanye ngenyanga. Sifuna umntu omdala ngokwaneleyo ukuba abone indlela iinkampani ezakhiwe kwaye zasilela ngayo kule minyaka idlulileyo.
UJohn Willis - omnye wooyise be-DevOps. UJohn unamashumi eminyaka yamava esebenza nenani elikhulu leenkampani. Kutshanje, uJohn waqala ukuqaphela iipatheni ezithile ezenzekayo xa esebenza nenye yazo. Ukusebenzisa ezi zi-archetypes, uJohn ukhokela iinkampani kwindlela yokwenyani yenguqu ye-DevOps. Funda ngakumbi malunga nala ma-archetypes kwinguqulelo yengxelo yakhe evela kwinkomfa ye-DevOops 2018.
Malunga nesithethi:
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 kulawulo lwe-IT, inxaxheba ekudalweni kwangaphambi kwe-OpenCloud kwiCanonical, yathatha inxaxheba kwii-startups ze-10, ezimbini zazo zathengiswa kuDell noDocker. Okwangoku unguSekela Mongameli we-DevOps kunye ne-Digital Practices kwi-SJ Technologies.
Okulandelayo libali ngokwembono kaYohane.
Igama lam nguJohn Willis kwaye eyona ndawo ilula yokundifumana kuTwitter, . Ndine-alias efanayo kwi-Gmail kunye ne-GitHub. A unokufumana ushicilelo lwevidiyo yeengxelo zam kunye neenkcazo zazo.
Ndineentlanganiso ezininzi kunye neeCIO zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo ezinkulu. Bahlala bekhalaza ukuba abaqondi ukuba yintoni i-DevOps, kwaye wonke umntu ozama ukuyichaza kubo uthetha ngento eyahlukileyo. Esinye isikhalazo esiqhelekileyo kukuba i-DevOps ayisebenzi, nangona kubonakala ngathi abalawuli benza yonke into njengoko kuchaziwe kubo. Sithetha ngeenkampani ezinkulu ezineminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ubudala. Emva kokuthetha nabo, ndafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba kwiingxaki ezininzi, ayisiyiyo itekhnoloji ephezulu efanelekileyo, kodwa izisombululo ezinobuchwephesha obuphantsi. Kangangeeveki ndandincokola nje nabantu bamasebe awahlukeneyo. Into oyibonayo kumfanekiso wokuqala kwisithuba yiprojekthi yam yokugqibela, yile nto igumbi lalibukeka ngayo emva kweentsuku ezintathu zomsebenzi.
Yintoni i-DevOps?
Ewe, ukuba ubuza abantu abali-10 abahlukeneyo, baya kukunika iimpendulo ezili-10 ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa nantsi into enomdla: zonke ezi mpendulo ezilishumi ziya kuchaneka. Akukho mpendulo ingalunganga apha. Ndandinzulu kakhulu kwi-DevOps, malunga neminyaka eyi-10, kwaye ndandingowaseMelika wokuqala kwi-DevOpsDay yokuqala. Andiyi kuthetha ukuba ndihlakaniphile kunabo bonke ababandakanyekayo kwi-DevOps, kodwa akukho mntu uchithe umzamo omkhulu kuyo. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba i-DevOps yenzeka xa inkunzi yoluntu kunye neteknoloji idibene. Sihlala silibala malunga nobukhulu bomntu, nangona sithetha kakhulu ngazo zonke iintlobo zeenkcubeko.
Ngoku sineenkcukacha ezininzi, iminyaka emihlanu yophando lwezemfundo, ukuvavanywa kweethiyori kwinqanaba lezoshishino. Ezi zifundo zisixelela ntoni ukuba udibanisa ezinye iipatheni zokuziphatha kwinkcubeko yombutho, ungafikelela kwi-2000x yesantya. Oku kukhawuleza kuhambelana nokuphucula okulinganayo kuzinzo. Lo ngumlinganiselo wobungakanani benzuzo iDevOps inokuzisa kuyo nayiphi na inkampani. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ndandithetha nge-DevOps kwi-CEO yenkampani ye-Fortune 5000. Xa ndilungiselela umboniso, ndandisoyika kakhulu kuba kufuneka ndishwankathele iminyaka yam yamava kwimizuzu emi-5.
Ekugqibeleni ndinike oku kulandelayo Inkcazo yeeDevOps: Luluhlu lweendlela zokusebenza kunye neepatheni ezivumela ukuguqulwa kwenkunzi yoluntu ibe yinkunzi yesebe esebenza kakhulu. Umzekelo yindlela iToyota esebenze ngayo kwiminyaka engama-50 okanye engama-60 edlulileyo.
(Emva koku, imizobo enjalo ayibonelelwanga njengesixhobo sokubhekisela, kodwa njengemifanekiso. Umxholo wabo uya kwahluka kwinkampani nganye entsha. Nangona kunjalo, umfanekiso unokujongwa ngokwahlukileyo kwaye wandiswe
Enye yezona ndlela ziphumeleleyo izenzo ezinjalo imephu yokusasaza kwexabiso. Ziliqela iincwadi ezilungileyo ezibhaliweyo malunga noku, ezona ziphumeleleyo nguKaren Martin. Kodwa kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ndifikelele kwisigqibo sokuba nale ndlela iphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo ineenzuzo ezininzi kwaye ndiyisebenzisile kakhulu. Kodwa xa i-CEO ikubuza ukuba kutheni inkampani yakhe ingenako ukutshintshela kwiireyile ezintsha, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthetha malunga nemephu yokuhambisa ixabiso. Kukho imibuzo emininzi esisiseko ekufuneka iphendulwe kuqala.
Ndicinga ukuba impazamo eyenziwa ngoogxa bam kukuba banike inkampani isikhokelo esinamanqaku amahlanu baze babuye emva kweenyanga ezintandathu babone ukuba kwenzeke ntoni. Nditsho neskimu esilungileyo esinje ngexabiso lokubonisa imephu, masithi, iindawo ezingaboniyo. Emva kwamakhulu odliwano-ndlebe kunye nabalawuli beenkampani ezahlukeneyo, ndiphuhlise ipateni ethile evumela ukuba sidibanise ingxaki kumacandelo ayo, kwaye ngoku siza kuxubusha nganye yale nxalenye ngokulandelelana. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa naziphi na izisombululo zobuchwepheshe, ndisebenzisa lo mzekelo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, zonke iindonga zam zihlanganiswe ngemizobo. Kutshanje bendisebenza kunye nengxowa-mali edibeneyo kwaye ndaphela nge-100-150 yezicwangciso ezinjalo.
Inkcubeko embi itya iindlela ezilungileyo zesidlo sakusasa
Ingcamango ephambili yile: akukho mali ye-Lean, Agile, SAFE kunye ne-DevOps iya kunceda ukuba inkcubeko yombutho ngokwayo imbi. Kufana nokuntywila enzulwini ngaphandle kwezixhobo zescuba okanye ukusebenza ngaphandle kwex-reyi. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuchaza iDrucker kunye neDeming: inkcubeko embi yombutho iya kuginya nayiphi na inkqubo elungileyo ngaphandle kokuyiminxa.
Ukusombulula le ngxaki iphambili, kufuneka uthathe la manyathelo alandelayo:
- Yenza Wonke Umsebenzi Ubonakale: kufuneka wenze wonke umsebenzi ubonakale. Akunjalo ngengqiqo yokuba kufuneka iboniswe kwisikrini esithile, kodwa ngendlela yokuba kufuneka ibonakale.
- IiNkqubo eziManyanisiweyo zoLawulo lweMisebenzi: iinkqubo zolawulo kufuneka zidityaniswe. Kwingxaki yolwazi "lwezizwe" kunye nolwazi lweziko, kwiimeko ezili-9 kwi-10 i-bottleneck ngabantu. Encwadini Ingxaki yayikumntu omnye, uBrent, owabangela ukuba le projekthi ihlale emva kweminyaka emithathu. Kwaye ndibalekela kwezi "Brents" kuyo yonke indawo. Ukusombulula ezi ntsilelo, ndisebenzisa izinto ezimbini ezilandelayo kuluhlu lwethu.
- Ithiyori yeZithintelo Indlela yokwenza: ithiyori yezithintelo.
- IiHacks zokusebenzisana: iihacks zentsebenziswano.
- Toyota Kata (): Andizukuthetha kakhulu ngeToyota Kata. Ukuba unomdla, kwi-github yam phantse kuzo zonke ezi zihloko.
- Umbutho oJoliswe kwiMarike: umbutho ojolise kwimarike.
- Abaphicothi zincwadi Shift-ekhohlo: uphicotho kumanqanaba okuqala omjikelo.
Ndiqala ukusebenza nombutho ngokulula kakhulu: Ndiya kwinkampani kwaye ndithethe nabasebenzi. Njengoko ubona, akukho teknoloji ephezulu. Ekuphela kwento oyifunayo yinto oza kubhala kuyo. Ndiqokelela amaqela amaninzi kwigumbi elinye kwaye ndihlalutya oko bandixelela kona ngokwembono yam ye-7 archetypes. Ndize ke ndibanike isiphawuli ngokwabo ndize ndibacele ukuba babhale phantsi ebhodini yonke into abayithethe ngokuvakalayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwezi ntlobo zeentlanganiso kukho umntu oyedwa obhala yonke into, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo unokubhala phantsi i-10% yengxoxo. Ngendlela yam, eli nani linokunyuswa malunga ne-40%.
(Lo mzekeliso unokujongwa ngokwahlukileyo )
Indlela yam isekelwe kumsebenzi kaWilliam Schneider. ). Indlela isekelwe kwingcamango yokuba nawuphi na umbutho unokwahlulwa ube zizikwere ezine. Esi sicwangciso kum sidla ngokuba sisiphumo sokusebenza naloo makhulu amanye amacebo athi avele xa kuhlalutywa umbutho. Masithi sinombutho onolawulo oluphezulu, kodwa ngobuchule obuphantsi. Olu lukhetho olungafunekiyo kakhulu: xa wonke umntu ethatha umgca, kodwa akukho mntu waziyo ukuba makenze ntoni.
Olona khetho lungcono lolo olunomgangatho ophezulu wolawulo kunye nobuchule. Ukuba inkampani enjalo inenzuzo, mhlawumbi ayifuni i-DevOps. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nenkampani enezinga eliphezulu lokulawula, ubuchule obuphantsi kunye nentsebenziswano, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo izinga eliphezulu lenkcubeko (ukulima). Oku kuthetha ukuba inkampani inabantu abaninzi abathanda ukusebenza apho kwaye ingeniso yabasebenzi iphantsi.
(Lo mzekeliso unokujongwa ngokwahlukileyo )
Kum kubonakala ngathi iindlela ezinemigaqo engqongqo ziphela zingena endleleni yokufikelela inyani. Kwimephu yokuhambisa ixabiso ngokukodwa, kukho imigaqo emininzi malunga nendlela ulwazi olufanele lwakhiwe ngayo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lomsebenzi, endithetha ngalo ngoku, akukho mntu ufuna le mithetho. Ukuba umntu onomakishi ezandleni zakhe uchaza imeko yangempela kwinkampani ebhodini, le yindlela efanelekileyo yokuqonda imeko yemicimbi. Ulwazi olunjalo alufikeleli kubalawuli. Ngeli xesha, bubudenge ukuphazamisa umntu kwaye uthi uzobe uhlobo oluthile lotolo ngendlela engeyiyo. Ngeli nqanaba, kungcono ukusebenzisa imithetho elula, umzekelo: i-multi-level abstraction ingenziwa ngokulula ngokusebenzisa amakishi anemibala emininzi.
Ndiyaphinda, akukho teknoloji ephezulu. Umakishi omnyama ubonisa ubunyani benjongo yokuba yonke into isebenza njani. Ngophawu olubomvu, abantu baphawula into abangayithandiyo malunga nemeko yangoku. Kubalulekile ukuba babhale oku, hayi mna. Xa ndisiya kwi-CIO emva kwentlanganiso, andinikezeli uluhlu lwezinto ezili-10 ezifuna ukulungiswa. Ndizama ukufumana unxibelelwano phakathi kwezinto ezithethwa ngabantu kwinkampani kunye neepateni ezikhoyo eziqinisekisiweyo. Okokugqibela, uphawu oluluhlaza lucebisa izisombululo ezinokwenzeka kwingxaki.
(Lo mzekeliso unokujongwa ngokwahlukileyo )
Umzekelo wale ndlela yokufundisa ngoku uboniswe ngasentla. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ndisebenze nebhanki enye. Abantu bokhuseleko apho babeqinisekile ukuba akufuneki beze kuyilo kunye nophononongo lweemfuneko.
(Lo mzekeliso unokujongwa ngokwahlukileyo )
Kwaye emva koko sathetha nabantu abavela kwamanye amasebe kwaye kwavela ukuba malunga neminyaka eyi-8 eyadlulayo, abaphuhlisi besoftware bagxotha abasebenzi bezokhuseleko ngenxa yokuba babecothisa umsebenzi. Kwaye ke yajika yaba yi-ban, eyayithathwa njengento. Nangona enyanisweni kwakungekho ban.
Intlanganiso yethu yaqhubeka ngendlela edidayo kakhulu: malunga neeyure ezintathu, amaqela amahlanu ahlukeneyo awazange akwazi ukundicacisela okwenzekayo phakathi kwekhowudi kunye nendibano. Kwaye oku kuya kubonakala kuyeyona nto ilula. Uninzi lwabacebisi beDevOps bacinga ukuba wonke umntu sele eyazi le nto.
Emva koko umntu ophethe ulawulo lwe-IT, owayethe cwaka iiyure ezine, ngokukhawuleza waphila xa sifika kwisihloko sakhe, kwaye wasihlalisa ixesha elide kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni ndambuza ukuba ucinga ntoni ngentlanganiso, ibe andisoze ndiyilibale impendulo yakhe. Uthe: βBendicinga ukuba ibhanki yethu ineendlela ezimbini kuphela zokuhambisa isoftware, kodwa ngoku ndiyazi ukuba zintlanu, kwaye bendingazi nokuba zintathu.
(Lo mzekeliso unokujongwa ngokwahlukileyo )
Intlanganiso yokugqibela kule bhanki ibikunye neqela lesoftware yotyalo-mali. Kwaba kunye naye ukuba kwavela ukuba ukubhala imizobo ngemakisha kwiphepha lephepha kungcono kunebhodi, kwaye kungcono kunakwi-smartboard.
Iifoto ozibonayo yindlela igumbi lenkomfa yehotele lalibukeka ngayo ngosuku lwesine lwentlanganiso yethu. Kwaye sasebenzisa ezi zicwangciso ukukhangela iipateni, oko kukuthi, i-archetypes.
Ngoko, ndibuza imibuzo yabasebenzi, babhala phantsi iimpendulo ngabamakishi bemibala emithathu (emnyama, ebomvu kunye neblue). Ndihlalutya iimpendulo zabo kwii-archetypes. Ngoku makhe sixoxe ngazo zonke ii-archetypes ngokulandelelana kwazo.
1. Yenza Wonke Umsebenzi Ubonakale: Yenza umsebenzi ubonakale
Uninzi lweenkampani endisebenza nazo zinepesenti ephezulu kakhulu yomsebenzi ongaziwayo. Umzekelo, oku kuxa umsebenzi omnye esiza komnye kwaye acele nje ukwenza into ethile. Kwimibutho emikhulu, kunokubakho i-60% yomsebenzi ongacwangciswanga. Kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% yomsebenzi awubhalwanga nangayiphi na indlela. Ukuba ibiyiBoeing, bendingasoze ndiphinde ndikhwele inqwelomoya yabo ebomini bam. Ukuba kuphela isiqingatha somsebenzi sibhalwe phantsi, ngoko akwaziwa ukuba lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokuchanekileyo okanye cha. Zonke ezinye iindlela zijika zingenamsebenzi - akukho sizathu sokuzama ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo nantoni na, kuba i-50% eyaziwayo ingaba yinto ehambelanayo kunye necacileyo yomsebenzi, i-automation ayiyi kunika iziphumo ezinkulu, kwaye zonke ezimbi kakhulu. izinto zikwisiqingatha esingabonakaliyo. Ngokungabikho kwamaxwebhu, akunakwenzeka ukufumana zonke iintlobo zee-hacks kunye nomsebenzi ofihliweyo, ukuba ungafumani iibhotile, ezo kakhulu "i-Brents" esele ndithetha ngayo. Kukho incwadi entle kaDominica DeGrandis . Uyatyhila ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo "zokuvuza kwexesha" (amasela exesha):
- Umsebenzi omninzi kakhulu kwiNkqubo (WIP)
- Ukuxhomekeka okungaziwayo
- Umsebenzi ongacwangciswanga
- Izinto eziphambili ezingqubanayo
- Umsebenzi ongahoywanga
Olu luhlalutyo oluxabiseke kakhulu kwaye le ncwadi inkulu, kodwa zonke ezi ngcebiso azinamsebenzi ukuba kuphela i-50% yedatha ibonakala. Iindlela ezicetywayo yiDominica zingasetyenziswa ukuba ukuchaneka okungaphezulu kwe-90% kufezekisiwe. Ndithetha ngeemeko apho umphathi unika ongaphantsi umsebenzi wemizuzu eyi-15, kodwa kumthatha iintsuku ezintathu; kodwa umphathi akazi ngenene ukuba lo uphantsi uxhomekeke kwabanye abantu abane okanye abahlanu.
IProjekthi yasePhoenix libali elimangalisayo elimalunga neprojekthi eyayisemva kweminyaka emithathu. Omnye wabalinganiswa ujongene nokugxothwa ngenxa yoku, kwaye udibana nomnye umlinganiswa ovezwa njengohlobo lukaSocrates. Uyanceda ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye eyonakeleyo. Kuyavela ukuba inkampani inomlawuli wenkqubo enye, ogama lakhe linguBrent, kwaye wonke umsebenzi ngandlela thile uhamba ngaye. Kwenye yeentlanganiso, omnye wabaphantsi uyabuzwa: kutheni umsebenzi ngamnye wesiqingatha seyure uthatha iveki? Impendulo yinkcazo-ntetho eyenziwe lula yethiyori yokufola kunye nomthetho kaLittle, kwaye kule nkcazo-ntetho kufumaniseke ukuba kwi-90% yabantu abahlala kuyo, iyure nganye yokusebenza ithatha iiyure ezili-9. Umsebenzi ngamnye kufuneka uthunyelwe kwabanye abantu abasixhenxe, ukuze loo yure ibe ziiyure ezingama-63, isi-7 umphinda-phinde ngo-9. Into endiyithethayo kukuba ukuze usebenzise uMthetho kaLittle okanye nayiphi na ithiyori enzima yokufola, kufuneka ubuncinci ube nedatha.
Ke xa ndithetha ngokubonakala, andithethi ukuba yonke into ikwiscreen, kodwa ukuba ubuncinci unedatha. Xa besenza, kudla ngokuvela ukuba kukho umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu ongacwangciswanga othunyelwa ngandlela-thile kwi-Brent xa kungekho mfuneko. Kwaye uBrent ngumfana omkhulu, soze athi hayi, kodwa akaxeleli mntu ukuba uwenza njani umsebenzi wakhe.
Xa umsebenzi ubonakala, idatha ingahlelwa kakuhle (yiloo nto iDominika ayenzayo kwisithombeni), ukuchithwa kwexesha elihlanu lokuvuza kungasetyenziswa, kwaye i-automation inokusetyenziswa.
2. Hlanganisa iiNkqubo zoLawulo loMsebenzi: uLawulo lweMisebenzi
I-archetypes ndithetha ngayo luhlobo lwephiramidi. Ukuba eyokuqala yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, ke eyesibini sele iludidi lwesongezo. Uninzi lwezi alusebenzeli uqalo, kufuneka lugcinwe engqondweni kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezifana neFortune 5000. Inkampani yokugqibela endiyisebenzeleyo yayineenkqubo zamatikiti ezili-10. Elinye iqela lineRemedy, elinye labhala uhlobo oluthile lwenkqubo yalo, elesithathu lasebenzisa iJira, kwaye elinye lenziwe nge-imeyile. Ingxaki efanayo ivela ukuba inkampani inemibhobho ye-30 eyahlukeneyo, kodwa andinalo ixesha lokuxoxa ngazo zonke iimeko ezinjalo.
Ndixoxa nabantu kanye ngendlela amatikiti enziwa ngayo, kwenzeka ntoni kubo ngokulandelayo, kunye nendlela aphetshwa ngayo. Eyona nto ibangela umdla kukuba abantu kwiintlanganiso zethu bathetha ngokunyanisekileyo. Ndibuze ukuba bangaphi abantu ababeka "ezincinci / akukho mpembelelo" kumatikiti ekufuneka eneneni anikwe "impembelelo enkulu". Kwathi kanti phantse wonke umntu uyayenza le nto. Andizibandakanyi ekugxekeni kwaye ndizama ngandlela zonke ukuba ndingachongi abantu. Xa bevuma ngokunyanisekileyo into ethile kum, andimniki umntu. Kodwa xa phantse wonke umntu edlula inkqubo, oko kuthetha ukuba lonke ukhuseleko lunxibe ifestile. Ngoko ke, akukho zigqibo zinokuthathwa kwiinkcukacha zale nkqubo.
Ukusombulula ingxaki yetikiti, kufuneka ukhethe enye inkqubo ephambili. Ukuba usebenzisa iJira, yigcine iJira. Ukuba kukho enye indlela, mayibe yiyo yodwa. Undoqo kukuba amatikiti kufuneka ajongwe njengelinye inyathelo kwinkqubo yophuhliso. Inyathelo ngalinye kufuneka libe netikiti, ekufuneka lihambe ngokuhamba komsebenzi wophuhliso. Amatikiti athunyelwa kwiqela, elithi liwaxhome kwibhodi yamabali lize lithathe uxanduva lwawo.
Oku kusebenza kuwo onke amasebe, kuquka iziseko zophuhliso nemisebenzi. Kule meko, kunokwenzeka ukwenza ubuncinci umbono obambekayo wemeko yemicimbi. Nje ukuba le nkqubo imiselwe, ngokukhawuleza kuba lula ukuchonga ukuba ngubani onoxanduva lwesicelo ngasinye. Ngenxa yokuba ngoku asifumani i-50%, kodwa i-98% yeenkonzo ezintsha. Ukuba le nkqubo ingundoqo isebenza, ke ukuchaneka kuyaphucuka kuyo yonke inkqubo.
Umbhobho weenkonzo
Oku kwakhona kusebenza kuphela kwiinkampani ezinkulu. Ukuba uyinkampani entsha kwintsimi entsha, phakamisa imikhono yakho kwaye usebenze neTravis CI yakho okanye iCircleCI. Xa kuziwa kwiinkampani ze-Fortune 5000, imeko eyenzeka kwibhanki apho ndandisebenza khona. UGoogle weza kubo kwaye baboniswa imizobo yeenkqubo zakudala ze-IBM. Abafana bakaGoogle babuze bedidekile-iphi ikhowudi yomthombo wale nto? Kodwa akukho khowudi yomthombo, nokuba i-GUI. Le yinyani ukuba imibutho emikhulu kufuneka ijongane nayo: iirekhodi zebhanki ezineminyaka engama-40 kwi-mainframe yamandulo. Omnye wabathengi bam usebenzisa izikhongozeli zeKubernetes ezineepateni zeCircuit Breaker, kunye neChaos Monkey, zonke zesicelo seKeyBank. Kodwa ezi zikhongozeli ekugqibeleni ziqhagamshela kwisicelo seCOBOL.
Abafana abavela kuGoogle babeqinisekile ngokupheleleyo ukuba baya kusombulula zonke iingxaki zomthengi wam, kwaye emva koko baqala ukubuza imibuzo: yintoni i-IBM datapipe? Baxelelwa: esi siqhagamshelo. Idibanisa ntoni? Kwinkqubo yeSperry. Kwaye yintoni leyo? Kwaye nangokunjalo. Ekuqalekeni kubonakala ngathi: luhlobo luni lweDevOps olunokubakho? Kodwa eneneni, kunokwenzeka. Kukho iinkqubo zokuhambisa ezikuvumela ukuba unikezele ukuhamba komsebenzi kumaqela okuhambisa.
3. Ithiyori yeZithintelo: Ithiyori yeZithintelo
Masiqhubele phambili kwi-archetype yesithathu: ulwazi lweziko / "lwezizwe". Njengomthetho, kuyo nayiphi na intlangano kukho abantu abaninzi abazi yonke into kwaye balawule yonke into. Aba ngabona bebekumbutho ixesha elide kwaye bazazi zonke iindlela zokusebenza.
Xa oku kuvela kumzobo, ndibajikeleza ngokukodwa abantu abanjalo ngophawu: umzekelo, kuvela ukuba uLou othile ukhona kuzo zonke iintlanganiso. Kwaye kucacile kum: lo nguBrent wasekhaya. Xa i-CIO ikhetha phakathi kwam ngesikipa kunye neeteki kunye nomfana wakwa-IBM onxibe isuti, ndikhethwa kuba ndiyakwazi ukuxelela umqondisi izinto ezinokuthi zixelelwe ngomnye umfana kwaye umlawuli angathandi ukuva. . Ndiyabaxelela ukuba i-bottleneck kwinkampani yabo ngumntu ogama linguFred kunye nomntu ogama linguLou. Lo mqobo kufuneka ukhululwe, ulwazi lwabo kufuneka lufunyanwe kubo ngendlela enye okanye enye.
Ukusombulula olu hlobo lwengxaki, ndiyakwazi, umzekelo, ukucebisa ukusebenzisa i-Slack. Umlawuli ohlakaniphile uya kubuza - ngoba? Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiimeko ezinjalo, abacebisi be-DevOps baphendula: kuba wonke umntu uyayenza. Ukuba umlawuli uhlakaniphile ngokwenene, uya kuthi: ngoko yintoni. Kwaye kulapho incoko yababini iphela khona. Kwaye impendulo yam kule nto yile: kuba kukho iibhotile ezine kwinkampani, uFred, uLou, uSusie noJane. Ukumisela ulwazi lwabo kwiziko, umntu kufuneka aqale azise iSlack. Zonke ii-wikis zakho zibubudenge obupheleleyo kuba akukho mntu waziyo malunga nobukho bazo. Ukuba iqela lobunjineli libandakanyeka phambili kunye nophuhliso lwangasemva kwaye wonke umntu kufuneka azi ukuba unokuqhagamshelana neqela lophuhliso lwangaphambili okanye iqela leziseko ezingundoqo ngemibuzo. Kulapho uLou okanye uFred mhlawumbi uya kuba nexesha lokujoyina i-wiki. Kwaye ke kwi-Slack umntu unokubuza ukuba kutheni, atsho, inyathelo lesi-5 lingasebenzi. Kwaye emva koko uLou okanye uFred baya kuyilungisa imiyalelo kwi-wiki. Ukuba useka le nkqubo, ke izinto ezininzi ziya kuwela endaweni yazo.
Le ngongoma yam ephambili: ukuze ucebise nayiphi na iteknoloji ephakamileyo, kufuneka uqale ubeke isiseko kubo ngokulandelelana, kwaye oku kunokwenziwa kunye nezisombululo ezisezantsi ezichazwe nje. Ukuba uqala ngobuchwephesha obuphezulu kwaye ungachazi ukuba kutheni zifuneka, ngoko, njengomthetho, oku akupheli kakuhle. Omnye wabathengi bethu usebenzisa i-Azure ML, isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu nesilula. Malunga ne-30% yemibuzo yabo yaphendulwa ngumatshini wokuzifundela ngokwawo. Kwaye le nto yabhalwa ngabaqhubi abangabandakanyekanga kwisayensi yedatha, izibalo okanye imathematika. Oku kubalulekile. Iindleko zesisombululo esinjalo sincinci.
4. IiHacks zokusebenzisana: iiHacks zokusebenzisana
I-archetype yesine iyimfuneko yokulwa yedwa. Uninzi lwabantu sele lukwazi oku: ukuba yedwa kubangela ubutshaba. Ukuba isebe ngalinye likumgangatho walo, kwaye abantu abaphambanisi nangayiphi na indlela, ngaphandle kwe-elevator, ngoko ubutshaba phakathi kwabo buvela ngokulula. Kodwa ukuba, ngokuchaseneyo, abantu bakwigumbi elinye kunye nomnye, uyahamba kwangoko. Xa umntu ekhupha isityholo esiqhelekileyo, umzekelo, ujongano olunjalo kunye nolunjalo alunakusebenza, akukho nto ilula ukuyiphelisa isityholo esinjalo. Abadwelisi benkqubo ababhale ujongano kufuneka baqale ukubuza imibuzo ethile, kwaye kungekudala kuya kucaca ukuba, umzekelo, umsebenzisi ebesebenzisa isixhobo ngokungalunganga.
Zininzi iindlela zokoyisa ukuba wedwa. Ndakha ndacelwa ukuba ndiye kwibhanki yaseOstreliya, kodwa andizange ndivume kuba ndinabantwana ababini nomfazi. Ekuphela kwento endandinokuyenza ukubanceda yayikukucebisa ukubaliswa kwamabali okuzotyiweyo. Le yinto engqinwe ukuba iyasebenza. Enye indlela enomdla ziintlanganiso zekofu ezibhityileyo. Kwintlangano enkulu, olu lukhetho oluhle kakhulu lokusasaza ulwazi. Ukongeza, unokuqhuba i-devopsdays yangaphakathi, i-hackathons, njalo njalo.
5. Ukuqeqesha uKata
Njengoko bendilumkisile kwasekuqaleni, andizukuthetha ngale nto namhlanje. Ukuba unomdla, ungajonga .
Kukho nentetho elungileyo kwesi sihloko esivela kuMike Rother:
6. I-Market Oriented: umbutho ojolise kwimarike
Kukho iingxaki ezahlukeneyo apha. Umzekelo, "Mna" abantu, "T" abantu kunye "E" abantu. "Mna" abantu ngabo benza into enye kuphela. Ngokuqhelekileyo zikhona kwimibutho enamasebe azimeleyo. "T" kuxa umntu elungile kwinto enye kodwa elungile kwezinye izinto. "E" okanye "ikama" kuxa umntu enezakhono ezininzi.
Umthetho kaConway usebenza apha (), eyona ndlela ilula kakhulu inokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuba amaqela amathathu asebenza kumqokeleli, ngoko umphumo uya kuba ngumqokeleli wamacandelo amathathu. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho inqanaba eliphezulu lokuzihlukanisa ngaphakathi kwintlangano, ngoko ke i-Kubernetes, i-Circuit breaker, i-API yokwandisa kunye nezinye izinto ezithandekayo kulo mbutho ziya kulungiselelwa ngendlela efanayo nombutho ngokwawo. Ngokungqongqo ngokukaConway kwaye ngaphandle kwenu nonke nina bancinci begeek.
Isisombululo sale ngxaki sichazwe kaninzi. Kukho, umzekelo, i-archetypes yentlangano echazwe nguFernando Fernandez. Olwakhiwo luyingxaki ndisandula ukuthetha ngalo, ngokubekwa yedwa, lulwakhiwo olujolise ekusebenzeni. Uhlobo lwesibini lolona lubi kakhulu, i-matrix architecture, isiphithiphithi kwezinye ezimbini. Okwesithathu yinto ebonwayo kwiinkampani ezininzi zokuqala, kwaye iinkampani ezinkulu zizama ukufanisa olu hlobo. Ngumbutho ojolise kwimarike. Apha silungiselela ukufezekisa impendulo ekhawulezayo kwizicelo zabathengi. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumbutho osicaba.
Abantu abaninzi bachaza esi sakhiwo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ndiyawathanda amagama yakha/qhuba amaqela, eAmazon bayibiza ngokuba amaqela amabini epizza. Kwesi sakhiwo, zonke iintlobo zabantu "I" zihlanganiswe malunga nenkonzo enye, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe basondela ngakumbi kuhlobo "T", kwaye ukuba ulawulo olufanelekileyo lukhona, banokude babe "E". Ukuphikisana kokuqala apha kukuba isakhiwo esinjalo siqulethe izinto ezingeyomfuneko. Kutheni ufuna umvavanyi kwisebe ngalinye ukuba unokuba nesebe elikhethekileyo labavavanyi? Apho ndiphendula khona: iindleko ezongezelelweyo kule meko ziyixabiso lentlangano yonke ukuba ibe luhlobo "E" kwixesha elizayo. Kwesi sakhiwo, umhloli ufunda ngokuthe ngcembe malunga neenethiwekhi, izakhiwo, uyilo, njl. Ngenxa yoko, wonke umntu othatha inxaxheba kwintlangano uyazi kakuhle yonke into eyenzekayo kwintlangano. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba esi sikimu sisebenza njani kushishino, funda .
7. Abaphicothi-zincwadi beshift-left: baphicothe kwangethuba kulo mjikelo. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko eboniswayo
Oku kuxa izenzo zakho zingaluphumeleli uvavanyo lwevumba, ngoko kuthetha. Abazobhanxa abantu abakusebenzelayo. Ukuba, njengoko kumzekelo ongasentla, babeka impembelelo encinci / akukho ndawo yonke, oku kwathatha iminyaka emithathu, kwaye akukho mntu waqaphela nantoni na, ngoko wonke umntu uyazi kakuhle ukuba inkqubo ayisebenzi. Okanye omnye umzekelo - ibhodi yeengcebiso zotshintsho, apho iingxelo kufuneka zingeniswe rhoqo, zithi, ngoLwesithathu. Kukho iqela labantu abasebenza apho (abahlawulwanga kakhulu, ngendlela) abathi, ngokweengcamango, bafanele bazi ukuba inkqubo yonke isebenza njani. Kwaye kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, uye waqaphela ukuba iinkqubo zethu zintsonkothe ββngendlela emangalisayo. Kwaye abantu abahlanu okanye abathandathu kufuneka benze isigqibo malunga notshintsho abangalwenzanga nabangazi nto ngalo.
Ewe, le ndlela ayisebenzi. Kufuneka ndizilahle izinto ezinjalo kuba aba bantu abayikhuseli inkqubo. Isigqibo kufuneka senziwe liqela ngokwalo, kuba iqela kufuneka libe noxanduva kuso. Ngaphandle koko, imeko ephazamisayo ivela xa umphathi ongazange abhale ikhowudi ebomini bakhe exelela umdwelisi wenkqubo ukuba kufuneka kuthathe ixesha elingakanani ukubhala ikhowudi. Enye inkampani endisebenza nayo yayineebhodi ezahlukeneyo ezisi-7 eziphonononga zonke iinguqu, kuquka ibhodi yezakhiwo, ibhodi yemveliso, njl. Kwakukho nexesha elisisinyanzelo lokulinda, nangona omnye umqeshwa wandixelela ukuba kwiminyaka elishumi yomsebenzi, akukho namnye owakha walugatya utshintsho olwenziwa ngulo mntu ebudeni beli xesha lisisinyanzelo.
Abaphicothi-zincwadi kufuneka bamenywe ukuba bazibandakanye nathi, kwaye bangabagxothi. Baxelele ukuba ubhala izikhongozeli zokubini ezingaguqukiyo ezinokuthi, ukuba ziphumelele zonke iimvavanyo, zihlala zingaguquki ngonaphakade. Baxelele ukuba unombhobho njengekhowudi kwaye uchaze ukuba kuthetha ukuthini oko. Babonise olu dweliso lulandelayo: ibhinary engaguqulekiyo yokufunda kuphela kwisikhongozeli esidlula zonke iimvavanyo zokuba sesichengeni; kwaye ke ayipheleli nje ukuba akukho mntu uyichukumisile, ayichukumisi nenkqubo eyenza umbhobho, kuba yenziwe ngokuguquguqukayo. Ndinabathengi, i-Capital One, abasebenzisa iVault ukwenza into efana ne-blockchain. Umphicothi-zincwadi akufuneki abonise "iindlela zokupheka" ezivela kuChef; kwanele ukubonisa i-blockchain, apho kucacile ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kwitikiti leJira kwimveliso kwaye ngubani ojongene nayo.
Ngokutsho , edalwe kwi-2018 yi-Sonatype, bekukho izicelo ze-OSS ze-2017 yebhiliyoni kwi-87.
Ilahleko ekungenwe kuyo ngenxa yobuthathaka iyathinteleka. Ngaphezu koko, amanani owabonayo ngoku ngasentla awabandakanyi iindleko zamathuba. Yintoni iDevSecOps ngamafutshane? Manditsho ngoko nangoko ukuba andinamdla wokuthetha ngendlela eliphumelele ngayo eli gama. Ingongoma kukuba ekubeni i-DevOps iphumelele kakhulu, kufuneka sizame ukongeza ukhuseleko kuloo mbhobho.
Umzekelo wolu landelelwano:
Oku akusiyo ingcebiso kwiimveliso ezithile, nangona ndizithanda zonke. Ndibacaphule njengomzekelo wokubonisa ukuba i-DevOps, eyayisekelwe ekuqaleni kwi-paradigm yombutho kwishishini, ikuvumela ukuba wenze ngokuzenzekelayo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi kwimveliso.
Kwaye akukho sizathu sokuba singakwazi ukuthatha indlela efanayo kukhuseleko.
Isiphumo
Ukuqukumbela, ndiza kunika iingcebiso kwi-DevSecOps. Kufuneka ubandakanye abaphicothi-zincwadi kwinkqubo yokudala iinkqubo zakho kwaye uchithe ixesha lokubafundisa. Kufuneka usebenzisane nabaphicothi-zincwadi. Okulandelayo, kufuneka ulwe umlo okhohlakeleyo ngokuchasene nemibono yobuxoki. Nokuba ngesona sixhobo sibiza kakhulu sokuskena sesichengeni, ungaphela usenza imikhwa emibi kakhulu phakathi kwabaphuhlisi bakho ukuba awuyazi ukuba yintoni umlinganiselo wakho wesignali ukuya kwingxolo. Abaphuhlisi bazakonganyelwa yiminyhadala kwaye bavele bayicime. Ukuba uvile ngebali le-Equifax, yiloo nto intle kakhulu eyenzekayo apho, apho inqanaba eliphezulu lokulumkisa lingazange lihoywe. Ukongeza, ubuthathaka kufuneka bucaciswe ngendlela eyenza kucace ukuba bachaphazela njani ishishini. Umzekelo, unokuthi obu bubuthathaka obufanayo nokwibali le-Equifax. Ubuthathaka bokhuseleko kufuneka buphathwe ngokufanayo neminye imiba yesoftware, oko kukuthi, kufuneka ibandakanywe kwinkqubo yeDevOps iyonke. Kuya kufuneka usebenze nabo ngeJira, Kanban, njl. Abaphuhlisi akufanele bacinge ukuba omnye umntu uya kwenza oku - ngokuchaseneyo, wonke umntu kufuneka enze oku. Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka uchithe amandla ekuqeqesheni abantu.
amakhonkco aluncedo
Nazi iintetho ezimbalwa ezivela kwinkomfa yeDevoops onokuzifumana ziluncedo:
- USergey Berdnikov, u-Artyom Kalichkin - Ibali lempumelelo, okanye "i-Dev+DevOps+Ops" (, )
- UBaruch Sadogursky, uLeonid Igolnik - DevOps kwisikali: intlekele yamaGrike kwizenzo ezintathu (, )
- UAlexander Titov, uKirill Tolkachev
- UTimoti Lister -
Jinga e DevoOops 2020 eMoscow β kukho nezinto ezininzi ezinomdla apho.
umthombo: www.habr.com