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×Öž×עך, ×× ××××€ÖŒ× ×§×©×× ××× ×Ö·× ×עךש: ××× ××Öž× ×Ö·××¢ ××¢× ×× ×עך×Ö·×§× ××× ××¢× ×§×Öž× ××¢×§×¡× ×€×× IoT? ×××֞ס ק×Öž××× ×ק×ַ׊××¢ ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס ×××¢× ×××× ××¢×š×¡× ×¢×€×¢×§×××× ×××¢× ×ך××¢×× ××× ×Ö· ××× ×Ö·×€××× IoT-Fog-Cloud ס×ס××¢×?
×ך×Öž×¥ ×× ×¡×××€ÖŒ×× ××Ö·××Ö·× ×Ö·× ×¡ ×€×× ××××€ÖŒ, ×Ö· ×ך××ס × ××עך ×€×× ×× ×עךע ס×Ö·××ש×Ö·× × ××¢× ×¢× ××¢× ××Š× ××× IoT, Fog ××× ×§××Öž×× ×¡×ס××¢××¢×. ××֞ס ××× ××××Ö·× IoT ×××× ×€×ַך××× ×× ×× ×€×Ö·× ×קש×Ö·× ×Ö·×××× ×€×× ×Ö· ×€×ַךש×××× ×§××Ö·× ×€×× ×××× ×¡×¢× ×¡×֞ךס ××× ×××עך××××, ×× ×עך×֞׀֌עך×Ö·×××××× ××× ×× ×עךע ××Ö·× ×׊עך ××××¢×š×€×¢× ×ש×.
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××Öž× × ×¢×€ÖŒ×-׊×-×××Öž××§× (F2C) ×ַך×ש××עק××ךע
××ך ××Öž× ××ס××Öž××¢ ××××¢×š×§× ××× ×€×× ×× ××× ×עש××¢×× ××× ××ס׀×Öž×š×©× ×× ××¢× ×¢×€××¥ ××× ××¢× ×¢×€××¥ ×€Ö¿×ַך××× ×× ××× ×× ××ַך××ַס××ק ××× ×§×Öž××֞ך××Ö·× ××××× ×€×ַך×××Ö·×××× × ×€×× IoT, ×××××§× ×¡ ××× × ×¢×€ÖŒ×. ×××× × ××, ××Öž ××¢× ×¢× ×ך×× ×¡××Ö·× ×עך×××××ש×Ö·× ×× ×ש×Ö·×××××:
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×××֞ס ×§×¢× ××֞ס ×Ö·×ס×ך×ַק׊××¢ ק××§× ×××? ××Öž ××× ×Ö· ×××€ÖŒ×ש IoT-Fog-Cloud ×ק×Öž×ס×ס××Ö·×. IoT ××¢×××סעס ש××§× ××Ö·×× ×Š× ×€×ַס×עך סעך××עךס ××× ×§×Ö·××€ÖŒ××××× × ××¢×××סעס ×Š× ×¡×Öž××××¢ ××ַסקס ×××֞ס ××Ö·×š×€× × ××עך×ק ×××××Ö·× ×¡×. ××× ×עך ××¢×××קעך ס×ס××¢×, ×××××§× ×¡ ××¢× ×¢× ×€×ַך×Ö·× ××××֞ך×××¢× ×€Ö¿×ַך ס×Ö·××××× × ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×××¢×ס ×××֞ס ××Ö·×š×€× ×Ö· ×ך××ס ס×××¢ ×€×× ââק×Ö·××€ÖŒ××××× × ×š×¢×¡××š×¡× ×Öž×עך ס××֞ך×××ש ×€ÖŒ××Ö·×¥.
ס××ַך××€×Öž× ×¢×¡, ס××Ö·×š× ×××Ö·×ש×× ××× ×× ×עךע ××Ö·×׊×Öž×¢ ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××× ×××× ×××× ×€×× ×× IoT. ×Öž×עך ×Ö·××Ö· ××¢×××סעס ××¢× × ×Š× × ××Š× ×€ÖŒ×š×ַ׀֌ך×××Ö·××¢×š× ×§×Öž××× ×ק×ַ׊××¢ ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס ×€×× ××××€ÖŒ× ××¢×××¢××֞׀֌עךס. ×× ×××©×¢× ×¢×š××××Ö·× IoT ××Ö·×× ××¢× ×¢× ××ך×××¢××× ××¢× ×Š× ×× × ×¢×€ÖŒ× ×©××××¢ ×××š× ×× REST HTTP ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×, ×××֞ס ××× ×××××ק××Ö·× ××× ×× ×עך×֞׀֌עך×Ö·×××××× ×××¢× ××ך ××××¢× RESTful ××Ö·××× ×× ×ס. ××֞ס ××× ××××××ק ××× ×××× ×€×× ×× × ××× ×Š× ×¢× ×©×ך ׊×ך×ק ק×Ö·××€ÖŒ×Ö·××Ö·××××Ö·×× ××× ××××ס××× × ×§×Ö·××€ÖŒ××××× × ×× ×€×š×ַס×ך×ַק×שעך ×€×××¡× ××ק ××××£ ××××¢ ק×Öž××€ÖŒ×××עךס, סעך××עךס ×Öž×עך ×Ö· סעך××עך ×§× ×××. ××ק×××¢ ךעס×ךס×, ×××֞ס ××¢× ×¢× ×עך××€Ö¿× "× ×¢×€ÖŒ× × ×Öž×××", ×€×××עך ×× ××ק×××¢× ××Ö·×× ××× ×€ÖŒ×š×֞׊עס עס ××Öž×ק×Ö·×× ×Öž×עך ש××§× ×¢×¡ ×Š× ×× ×××Öž××§× ×€Ö¿×ַך ××××Ö·×עך ×ש××× ×ת.
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××× ×Ö·×××¢××××, עס ××¢× ×¢× 2 ××Öž××¢×ס ×€×× ×§×Öž××× ×ק×ַ׊××¢ ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס ×€ÖŒ×ַס×ק ×€Ö¿×ַך ×× ×¡×ס××¢× ××ך ××ַך׀ֿ×. ×× ××¢× ×¢× ××¢××-×¢× ×׀עך ××× ×ַך××ס××¢××-×Ö·××Öž× ×ך×. ×עך עךש×עך ××Öž××¢× ××× ×עך ××××××× ××Ö·×××ס×, ס׀֌ע׊××¢× ××× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך-ק×××¢× × ×ַךק×Ö·×עק×שעך. ×עך ק×××¢× × ×€×ך××× ×× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ×€×× ââ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך, ××× ×עך ××¢× ×¢×š × ×¢×× ×× ××¢××, ׀֌ך×ַסעס×Ö·× ×¢×¡ ××× ×§×¢×š× ×Ö· ×¢× ×׀עך ×Öž× ××Öž×. REST HTTP ××× CoAP ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס ×ַך××¢× ×××× ××¢× ××Öž××¢×.
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×עך ××Öž××¢× ×ַס××× ×ך××Ö· ×€ÖŒ×ַך××ס×Ö·×€ÖŒ×Ö·× ×¥: ×Ö· ×ַך××ס××¢×עך (××Ö·×× ×ק×ך), ×Ö· ×עק×עך (××ס׀֌×Ö·×שעך) ××× ×Ö· ×Ö·××Öž× ×¢× × (××Ö·× ×¢×). ××Öž, ×עך ק×××¢× × ×ַק××× × ××× ×עך ×Ö·××Öž× ×¢× × ××ַךף × ××©× ××¢×× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ×€×× ââââ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך. ×Ö·× ×©××Öž× ×©××§× ×š×ק××עס, עס ×Ö·××Öž× ××š× ×Š× ×××עך ××¢×©×¢×¢× ××©× ××× ×× ×¡×ס××¢× ×××š× ×Ö· ×עק×עך ×€×ַך×Ö·× ××××֞ך×××¢× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×€×××עך×× × ×Ö·××¢ ×× ×§×Ö·××× × ×ַך××ק××¢× ××× ×š×××× × ××× ×Š××××©× ×€Ö¿×ַך××Ö·×× ××× ×××× ×¢× ××. ××× ×עך ×ַך××ס××¢×עך, ×××¢× ×Ö· ××¢×©×¢×¢× ×ש ×Ö·×§×¢×š× ×©××Ö·××ת ×Š× ×Ö· ×××עך ××¢××¢, ×€ÖŒ×Ö·×××ש×Ö·× ×¢×¡ ×Š× ×× ×עק×עך, ×××֞ס ×¡×¢× ×× ××Ö·×× ×Š× ×× ×Ö·××Öž× ×¢× × ××××£ ×× ××¢××¢×× ××¢××¢.
××¡×¢× ×©×Ö·××, ××¢× ×ַךק×Ö·×עק×שעך ××× ×××××š× ××××£ ××¢×©×¢×¢× ×ש×. ××× ××¢× ×× ×עך×ַקש×Ö·× ××Öž××¢× ××× ×ש×ק×Ö·×××¢ ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Ö·×€ÖŒ××ַק××ש×Ö·× × ××× IoT, ×××Öž×ק×, × ×¢×€ÖŒ× ××××Ö·× ×€×× ×××× ×€×××ק××× ×Š× ×Š×ש××¢×× ×¡×§×Ö·××Ö·×××××× ××× ×€×ַך׀֌×֞שע××¢×š× ×× ×× ×עךק×Ö·× ×¢×§×©×Ö·× ×Š××××©× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ××¢×××סעס, ש×××Š× ×€×××¢-׊×-×€×××¢ ××× ×Ö·××ש ק×Öž××× ×ק×ַ׊××¢ ××× ××ס×× ×קך×Ö·× ×ַס ק×Öž××× ×ק×ַ׊××¢. ×¢×××¢××¢ ×€×× ââââ×× ××¢×š×¡× ××Ö·××××¡× ×¡××Ö·× ×עך××××× ×ַך××ס××¢××-×Ö·××Öž× ××š× ×עס×××ש×× × ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס ×ַך××Ö·× × ×¢××¢× MQTT, AMQP ××× DDS.
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×××֞ס ×Š× ×§×××Ö·××? עס ××× ×§××× ×××× ×¢× ×׀עך. MQTT ××× HTTP ××סק×××¢× ×Š× ×××× ×× ××¢×š×¡× ×€ÖŒ×š×Ö·××ַס×× × ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס ××××Ö·× ××× ××¢× ×¢× ×עךע×× × ××× ××¢×€××¢×š×¢× ×עך ×עך×××Ö·×§×¡× ××× ×עך ס××Ö·××× IoT ס×Ö·××ש×Ö·× × ××× ×× ×עךע ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס.
ס×Ö·××ש×Ö·× × ×××××š× ××××£ ×Ö· ×××× ×§×Öž××× ×ק×ַ׊××¢ ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×
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×× POST ××¢××Öž× ××¢×עך ס׀֌ע׊××€×׊××š× ×× ×××× ×Š× ××Öž×××€×׊××š× (/ ×€×Ö·×š× / ×Ö·× ×××Ö·×ס), ××× ××¢××× × ××× ×× HTTP ××עךס××¢ ××× ××× ××Ö·×× ×××€ÖŒ, ×××֞ס ××× ××¢× ×€×Ö·× ××× ×Ö· JSON ××××€×¢×¥ ×××֞ס ךע׀֌ך×Ö·××¢× ×¥ ×× ×××Ö·×¢ ×€×Ö·×š× ×××֞ס ×× ×¡×ס××¢× ××Öž× ×€××š× (Dulcinea / ק×). ×עך ×¢× ×׀עך ×€×× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך ×× ××ק×××¥ ×Ö·× ×× ××§×©× ××× ××¢×××¢× ×עך×Öž×× ××× ×Ö· HTTPS 201 (ך×ס×֞ךס ××ש××€×) ס××Ö·××ס ק×Öž×. ×עך GET ×××€Ö¿× ××Öž× ××××× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×Š××€×׊××š× ×× ××¢××¢×× ×××× ××× ×× URI (××ש×, / ×€×Ö·×š× / ×Ö·× ×××Ö·×ס / 1), ×××֞ס ×§×¢×š× ×Ö· JSON ×€×ַך×ךע××× × ×€×× ×× ×××Ö·×¢ ××× ××¢× ×©××Ö·× ×€Ö¿×× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך.
×× PUT ×××€Ö¿× ××× ××¢× ××Š× ×××¢× ×¢×××¢××¢ ס׀֌ע׊××€×ש ×××× ×š×¢×§×Öž×š× ××ַךף ×××× ×עך×××Ö·× ××ק×. ××× ××¢× ×€×Ö·×, ×× ×××× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×Š××€×׊××š× ×× URI ×€Ö¿×ַך ×× ×€ÖŒ×ַך×Ö·××¢×עך ×Š× ×××× ××¢×××× ××× ×× ×§×š×Ö·× × ×××¢×š× (××ש×, ×× ××ק×××¥ ×Ö·× ×× ×§× ××× ×××Š× ××××, /×€×ַך×/×Ö·× ×××Ö·×ס/1? ש××Ö·×=××××). ׊×× ×¡××£, ×× DELETE ×××€Ö¿× ××× ××¢× ××Š× ××× ×עך ××¢×××קעך ×××¢× ××× ×× GET ×××€Ö¿×, ×Öž×עך ׀ש×× ×××××¥ ×× ×××× ××× ×Ö· ךע×××××Ö·× ×€×× ×× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢.
MQTT ××× ×Ö· ×××× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ×××××× ×
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××× ×× ×€×ך××¢××××× ×§××× ×€×Ö·×š× ×¡×Š×¢× ×ַך, ×Ö· Raspberry Pi ק×Ö·× ×¢×§×¥ ×Š× ×Ö· ×ַקסע×עך×Ö·××Ö·×עך, ×׀֌ס ××× ××¢×׀֌עך×Ö·××ך ×¡×¢× ×¡×֞ךס ××× ×€ÖŒ×Ö·×××ש×Ö·× ×× ××Ö·×× ×€×× ×× ×¡×¢× ×¡×֞ךס ×Š× ×Ö· × ×¢×€ÖŒ× × ×Öž××¢. ××× ××ך ××ס××Öž××¢ ×××ס×, MQTT ××××× ××× ××¢×עס ××× ×Ö· ×××עך×ַךק×. ×××× MQTT ×ַך××ס××¢×עך ×§×¢× ×¢× ×ַך××ס××¢×× ×ַך××ק××¢× ×Š× ×Ö· ס׀֌ע׊××€×ש ××Ö·× × ×€×× ××¢×עס. ××× ××× ××עך ×€×Ö·×, עס ××¢× ×¢× ×ך××Ö·. ×€Ö¿×ַך ×× ×¡×¢× ×¡×¢×š ×××֞ס ×עס×× ×× ××¢×׀֌עך×Ö·××ך ××× ×× ×××Ö·×¢ ×Öž×€ÖŒ××Ö·×, ×עך ק×× × ×¡×Ö·×עקץ ×Ö· ××¢××¢ (×Ö·× ×××Ö·××€×Ö·×š× / ×Öž×€ÖŒ××Ö·× / ××¢×׀֌עך×Ö·××ך). ×€Ö¿×ַך ×¡×¢× ×¡×֞ךס ×××֞ס ×עס×× ×׀֌ס ×Öž×š× ××× ×××Ö·×¢ ××Ö·×××¢××× × ×××š× ×× ×ַקסע×עך×Ö·××Ö·×עך, ×עך ק×××¢× × ×××¢× ×ַך××ס××¢×× ×עך×××Ö·× ××ק×× ××¢× ×Š× (×Ö·× ×××Ö·××€×Ö·×š× / ×××Ö·×¢ / ×׀֌ס) ××× (×Ö·× ×××Ö·××€×Ö·×š× / ×××Ö·×¢ / ××Ö·×××¢××× ×).
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