«"Gasa ce ta digiri na farko da kuma ƙwararrun ɗan adam da ƙwararrun fasaha. Manyan kamfanonin IT na Rasha ne suka shirya shi da kuma manyan jami'o'in kasar, gami da Jami'ar ITMO. A yau muna magana ne game da manufofin Olympiad da kuma bangarori biyu da jami'armu ke kula da su - "Big Data" da "Robotics" (game da sauran - a cikin habratopics na gaba).
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'Yan kalmomi game da gasar Olympics
Manufar. Auna ilimin ɗalibai da gabatar da su ga buƙatun masu ɗaukar aiki. Dalibai suna haɓaka a fagen kimiyyar da suka zaɓa, suna aiki a cikin kamfanoni na duniya. Har ila yau, ma'aikacin yana amfana - ba ya buƙatar sake yin rajistar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kuma ya gaishe da sabbin ma'aikatan da aka ɗauka tare da kalmar: "Ka manta da duk abin da aka koya maka a jami'a."
Me yasa shiga? Gwanaye shiga jami'o'in Rasha ba tare da jarrabawa ba. Kuna iya samun horo a Yandex, Sberbank, IBS, Mail.ru da sauran manyan kamfanoni. A bara, tayi daga kamfanonin Rasha fiye da ɗari huɗu mafi kyawun mahalarta. Hakanan, ɗaliban da suka tabbatar da kansu za su iya ziyarta .
Wanene ke halarta? Dalibai na duk fannoni - fasaha, ɗan adam da kimiyyar halitta. Bugu da kari ga digiri, digiri na biyu dalibai, mazauna da kuma dalibai na kasashen waje jami'o'i.
Tsarin taron. Kuna iya yin rajista har zuwa 18 ga Nuwamba. Matakin cancantar kan layi zai gudana daga Nuwamba 22 zuwa Disamba 8, amma zaku iya tsallake shi idan kun sami nasarar kammala aƙalla biyu. . Wadanda suka yi nasara a gasar za su tsallake zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya da za a yi a manyan jami’o’in kasar, wadanda aka shirya yi a watan Janairu zuwa Maris. Za a buga sakamakon wasannin Olympiad na "Ni ƙwararre ne" a watan Afrilu .
A wannan shekara Olympiad ta ƙunshi yankuna 68. Kwararrun Jami'ar ITMO suna kula da biyar daga cikinsu: "Photonics", "Bayani da Tsaro na Cyber", "Programming and Information Technologies", da "Babban Data" da "Robotics". Za mu ba ku ƙarin bayani game da biyun ƙarshe.
Babban Data
Wannan yanki ya ƙunshi duk fasahohin tsarin rayuwar Babban Data, gami da tarin su, adanawa, sarrafa su, ƙirar ƙira da fassarar su. Wadanda suka yi nasara za su iya shiga shirin na Master a Jami'ar ITMO ba tare da jarrabawar shirye-shiryen ba: "Aikace-aikacen Lissafi da Informatics", "Digital Health", "Big Data Financial Technologies" da kuma .
Mahalarta kuma za su sami damar yin horo a cikin ƙwararrun masanin kimiyyar bayanai da injiniyan bayanai a cikin kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa. Waɗannan su ne Cibiyar Nazarin Fahimi ta ƙasa, Mail.ru, Gazpromneft STC, Rosneft, Sberbank da ER-Telecom.
"A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fannin Big Data ya zama sananne sosai. Fasaha don tattara bayanai na farko da adanawa suna haɓaka, sabbin hanyoyin dijital suna tasowa (a fagen IoT da cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a) don yin rikodin ayyukan da ba a iya gani a baya, ”in ji Alexander Valerievich Bukhanovsky, darekta. Jami'ar ITMO. "A lokaci guda, ana ba da hankali ba kawai ga yadda za a tsara tsarin adanawa da amfani da bayanai ba, har ma don tabbatar da sakamako da yanke shawara, da kuma samar da samfuran tsinkaya."
Menene ayyuka za su kasance? Tawagar tana shirya su Jami'ar ITMO. Suna la'akari da cewa ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren dole ne ya sami ilimin asali a cikin ka'idar yuwuwar da ƙididdiga na lissafi, da kuma koyan na'ura. Yi fahimtar dabaru da hanyoyin dabarun fasahar zamani na zamani kuma kuyi magana R, Java, Scala, Python (ko wasu kayan aikin don magance matsalolin aiki).
A ƙasa muna ba da misalin matsala daga ɗaya daga cikin matakan Olympiad.
Misalin aiki: Akwai sabobin 50 a cikin gungu, tare da nau'ikan muryoyi 12 akan kowannensu. Ana sake rarraba albarkatu tsakanin masu taswira da masu ragewa a hankali (babu wani tsayayyen rarraba albarkatun). Rubuta minti nawa aikin MapReduce wanda ke buƙatar taswira 1000 zai gudana akan irin wannan gungu. A wannan yanayin, lokacin aiki na taswira ɗaya shine mintuna 20. Idan ka bar mai rage 1 kawai a cikin aikin, to zai aiwatar da duk bayanan a cikin mintuna 1000. An karɓi amsar daidai zuwa wuri ɗaya na goma.
A. 44.6
B. 43.2
C. 41.6
D. 50.0Amsa daidaiC
Yadda ake shirya. Kuna iya farawa da albarkatu masu zuwa:
- . Zai iya zama da amfani ga aiki mai zaman kansa tare da lambobin tushe don warware matsaloli.
- . Babban aikin yana bayyana dalilin da yasa ƙirar ƙila ke buƙatar irin wannan ginin lissafi kamar σ-algebra.
- . Littafi mai sauƙi kuma mai fa'ida wanda ke zayyana mahimman abubuwan ƙididdiga masu yiwuwa na abubuwan da suka faru bazuwar.
Akwai ƙarin littattafai da yawa akan ƙididdiga masu amfani don fannonin ayyuka daban-daban. Mawallafansu a sauƙaƙe amma yadda ya kamata suyi bayanin dabaru na warware batu da matsalolin kimanta tazara:
Tunani
Hakanan ana iya samun bayanai a cikin darussan jigo a gidan yanar gizon Olympics.
Robotics
Robotics yana haɗa nau'o'i kamar algorithms, kayan lantarki da makanikai. Wannan jagorar ya cancanci zaɓi ga waɗanda suka riga sun yi karatu ko suna shirye-shiryen shiga digiri na biyu da na biyu a cikin injiniyan software, injiniyoyi masu amfani, ilimin lissafi da kimiyyar kwamfuta ko injiniyan lantarki. Dalibai da aka tabbatar suna iya yin rajista a shirye-shiryen kyauta"",""Kuma""Jami'ar mu.
Menene ayyuka za su kasance? Daliban Masters da na digiri suna warware ayyuka daban-daban. Koyaya, duk ɗawainiya suna gwada hadaddun ilimin ka'idar sarrafawa, sarrafa bayanai da ƙirar mutum-mutumi. Misali, za a tambayi mahalarta don duba daidaito ko sarrafa tsarin, zaɓi tsari, ko ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu daidaitawa.
Sergey Alekseevich Kolyubin, mataimakin darekta Sergey Alekseevich Kolyubin ya ce "Dole ne mu magance matsalar kinematics kai tsaye ko kuma ta bambanta da na'urar hannu ko na'ura mai sarrafa kansa, aiki tare da Jacobian na tsarin da kuma neman daidaita lokutan a cikin gidajen abinci a karkashin nauyin da aka ba ta waje," in ji Sergey Alekseevich Kolyubin, mataimakin darekta. da ITMO. "Za a yi ayyuka na shirye-shirye - kuna buƙatar rubuta ƙaramin shiri don yin ƙirar mutum-mutumi ko tsara yanayin a Python ko C++."
A ƙarshe, ɗalibai dole ne su tsara robot don aiwatar da ayyuka daga kamfanoni masu haɗin gwiwa: Railways na Rasha, Diakont, KUKA, da dai sauransu. Ayyukan suna da alaƙa da jiragen sama marasa matuƙa na ƙasa da iska, da kuma robots na haɗin gwiwar da ke aiki a cikin yanayin hulɗar jiki tare da muhalli. Tsarin gasar yayi kama da . Da farko, ɗalibai suna aiki akan na'urar kwaikwayo, sannan akan kayan aiki na gaske.
Na gaba, za mu yi la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don ayyuka a cikin filin Robotics waɗanda ɗalibai za su iya cin karo da su. Ga misalai ga masu neman shirye-shiryen masters:
Misali #1: Robot kinematics na mota yana motsawa tare da saurin layi v=0,3 m/s. Ana juya sitiyarin a kusurwa w=0,2 rad. Idan radius na ƙafafun mutum-mutumi ya yi daidai da r=0,02 m, kuma tsayin da waƙar robot ɗin suna daidai da L=0,3 m da d=0,2 m, bi da bi, mene ne saurin kusurwar kowane na baya. w1 da w2, an bayyana su cikin rad/s?
Shigar da amsar ku a cikin sigar lambobi biyu waɗanda sarari suka rabu, daidai da wuri na goma na biyu, la'akari da alamar.Misali #2: Menene zai iya zama alamar astatism a cikin tsarin rufewa dangane da tasirin tunani, idan an gudanar da bincike bisa ga tsarin tsarin tsarin?
kasancewar haɗin kai na lokaci-lokaci a cikin buɗaɗɗen kewayawa;
kasancewar madaidaicin haɗin haɗin kai a cikin madauki mai buɗewa;
gaban oscillatory da ra'ayin mazan jiya links a cikin bude da'irar.
Ga matsalolin waɗanda ke shiga makarantar digiri ko zama:
Misali #1: Adadin ya nuna na'ura mai sarrafa mutum-mutumi tare da kinematics mai yawa tare da haɗin gwiwa 7 na juyawa. Hoton yana nuna tsarin haɗin gwiwar tushe na robot {s} tare da y-axis vector perpendicular zuwa shafin jirgin sama, tsarin daidaitawa {b} da aka haɗa da flange da collinear tare da {s}. Ana nuna mutum-mutumin a cikin wani tsari wanda madaidaicin kusurwa na duk hanyoyin haɗin kai daidai yake da 0. Ana nuna gatari na helical na nau'i-nau'i na kinematic guda bakwai a cikin adadi (tabbatacciyar hanya ta counterclockwise). Gatura na haɗin gwiwa 2, 4 da 6 ana jagorancin haɗin gwiwa, gatura na haɗin gwiwa 1, 3 5 da 7 suna daidai da gatura na tsarin daidaitawa na farko na tushe. Girman haɗin haɗin L1 = 0,34 m, L2 = 0,4 m, L3 = 0,4 m, da L4 = 0,15 m.
Misali #2: Don ƙarin kwanciyar hankali na ƙayyadaddun wuri da taswira (SLAM) algorithm don mutummutumi na hannu dangane da abubuwan tace barbashi, masu haɓakawa sun yanke shawarar yin amfani da algorithm resampling wheel resampling. A wani lokaci a cikin aikin algorithm, samfurin 5 "barbashi" tare da ma'auni w (1) = 0,5, w (2) = 1,2, w (3) = 1,5, w (4) = 1,0 ya kasance cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. da w(5) = 0,8. A wace ƙaramar ƙimar madaidaicin girman samfurin mai inganci a wani juzu'i da aka bayar za a ƙaddamar da tsarin sake fasalin. Rubuta amsar ku a cikin tsari na goma daidai daidai wuri ɗaya.
Yadda ake shirya. Kuna iya ƙididdige ilimin ku da tsammaninku ta amfani da jerin abubuwan dubawa. Masu shiga cikin manyan Robotics dole ne:
- Sanin ƙa'idodin ƙirar mutum-mutumi, halayen firikwensin zamani da hanyoyin samun bayanan azanci.
- Yi sani kuma ku sami damar yin amfani da hanyoyin aikace-aikace da algorithms don tsara yanayi da sarrafawa ta atomatik, da sarrafa bayanan azanci.
- Kasance da gwaninta a cikin tsararru da shirye-shirye masu dacewa da abu. Iya yin aiki a cikin mahallin ci gaba don tsarin robotic.
- Sanin ƙa'idodi, mahimman halaye da fasalulluka na aiki na ɓangaren kwamfuta, tuƙi da na'urori masu auna firikwensin robots na zamani. Samun basira don tsarawa da tsara gwaje-gwaje.
Don "ƙarfafa" kowane yanki, zaku iya kula da su . Ana tattauna wasu matsaloli daga wasannin Olympics da suka gabata a can. Akwai kuma adabi na musamman, misali:
Ƙarin littattafai
Kuma darussan kan layi akan Openedu, Coursera da Edx
Ƙarin bayani kan Olympiad:
source: www.habr.com