Karshe mu game da yadda fitowar kwamfutoci masu dacewa ya taimaka juyin halittar software na ilimi, gami da malamai masu kama-da-wane. Na ƙarshe ya zama samfuran ci gaba na zamani na chatbots, amma ba a taɓa aiwatar da su gaba ɗaya ba.
Lokaci ya nuna cewa mutane ba su shirye su bar malaman "rayuwa", amma wannan bai kawo ƙarshen software na ilimi ba. A cikin layi daya tare da masu koyar da lantarki, fasahar da aka haɓaka, godiya ga wanda a yau za ku iya nazarin kowane lokaci, ko'ina - idan kawai kuna da sha'awar.
Tabbas, muna magana ne akan ilimin kan layi.
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Intanet don jami'a
A cikin 90s, masu sha'awar gidan yanar gizo na farko da masu gwaji sun yarda da son ci gaban fasahar ilimi, suna cin gajiyar damar yanar gizo ta Duniya. Don haka, a cikin 1995, farfesa na Jami'ar Columbia Murray Goldberg ya yanke shawarar sabunta kwasa-kwasansa ta amfani da fasahar yanar gizo kuma ya gane cewa hanyar sadarwa na iya ƙirƙirar kayan ilimi da sauri kuma ta ba da su ga masu sauraro marasa iyaka. Abinda kawai ya ɓace shine dandamali wanda zai haɗa duk waɗannan ayyuka. Kuma Goldberg ya gabatar da irin wannan aikin - aikin ya fara a 1997 , tsarin kula da kwas na farko a duniya don manyan makarantu.
Tabbas, wannan tsarin ya yi nisa daga manufa. An soki shi saboda hadadden mu'amalar sa, "kullun" codebase da matsalolin daidaitawar burauza. Koyaya, daga ra'ayi mai aiki, WebCT yana da duk abin da muke buƙata. Dalibai da malamai na iya ƙirƙirar zaren tattaunawa, yin taɗi akan layi, musayar imel na ciki, da zazzage takardu da shafukan yanar gizo. Kwararru da ƙwararru a cikin al'ummar ilimi sun fara kiran irin waɗannan ayyuka na kan layi yanayin ilimi na kama-da-wane (Muhalin Koyon Ilimi, ).
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A cikin 2004, ɗalibai miliyan 10 sun yi amfani da WebCT daga jami'o'i da kwalejoji dubu biyu da rabi waɗanda ke cikin ƙasashe 80. Kuma kadan daga baya - a shekarar 2006 - da aikin da aka saya da fafatawa a gasa daga . Kuma a yau, samfuran wannan kamfani suna ɗaya daga cikin ka'idodin masana'antu - babban adadin manyan cibiyoyin ilimi na duniya har yanzu suna aiki tare da su.
A lokacin, an gabatar da sabbin abubuwa da yawa a cikin wannan samfurin. Misali, kunshin ma'auni da ƙayyadaddun bayanai SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model), wanda ya haɗu da fasaha don musayar bayanai tsakanin abokin ciniki na tsarin koyo kan layi da sabar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan haka, SCORM ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙa'idodin gama gari don "marufi" abun ciki na ilimi, kuma har yanzu ana goyan bayansa kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin daban-daban. .
Me yasa VLE
Me yasa malaman makaranta suka kasance labarin gida, yayin da tsarin VLE ya kai matakin duniya? Sun ba da ayyuka masu sauƙi da sauƙi, sun kasance masu rahusa don haɓakawa da kulawa, kuma sun fi dacewa ga masu amfani da malamai. Tsarin sarrafa koyo kan layi shine, da farko ... tsarin kan layi, gidan yanar gizo. Ba shi da “manyan” ainihin software wanda ke buƙatar fahimtar alamu masu shigowa da tunanin yadda za a amsa musu.
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A gaskiya ma, duk irin wannan tsarin ya kamata ya kasance shine ikon sauke abun ciki da watsa shi ga ƙungiyoyin masu amfani. Abin da ke da mahimmanci shi ne cewa mafita na VLE ba su saba wa malamai "rayuwa". Ba a yi nufin su a matsayin kayan aiki ba wanda a ƙarshe zai sa dubun dubatar ma'aikatan jami'a ba su da aikin yi, akasin haka, ya kamata irin waɗannan tsarin su sauƙaƙe ayyukansu, faɗaɗa ƙwararrun ƙwararru da haɓaka matakin samun kayan aiki. Sabili da haka ya faru, tsarin VLE ya ba da dama ga ilimi kuma ya taimaka wajen sabunta aikin kan darussan ilimi a daruruwan jami'o'i.
Komai na kowa
A lokacin rarraba WebCT, sigar beta na dandalin kan layi ya fara aiki . A shekara ta 2002, yana da wuya a yi la'akari da muhimmancin wannan taron - daya daga cikin manyan jami'o'in duniya ya bude damar yin amfani da darussa 32 kyauta. A shekara ta 2004, adadinsu ya zarce 900, kuma wani muhimmin ɓangare na shirye-shiryen ilimi ya haɗa da rikodin bidiyo na laccoci.
Bayan 'yan shekaru baya, a cikin 2008, malaman Kanada George Siemens, Stephen Downes, da Dave Cormier sun ƙaddamar da Ƙaddamar Buɗaɗɗen Kan layi na Farko (MOOC). Dalibai 25 da aka biya sun zama masu sauraron su, kuma wasu masu sauraron 2300 sun sami damar shiga kyauta kuma an haɗa su ta hanyar sadarwar.
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Batun MOOC na farko ya zama mafi dacewa - waɗannan laccoci ne akan haɗin kai, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da kimiyyar fahimi da nazarin abubuwan tunani da halaye a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa. Connectionism ya dogara ne akan buɗe damar samun ilimi, wanda "bai kamata a hana shi ta hanyar lokaci ko ƙuntatawa na yanki ba."
Masu shirya kwas ɗin sun yi amfani da iyakar fasahar Intanet da ake da su. Sun gudanar da gidajen yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizo, sun yi rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo, har ma sun gayyaci masu sauraro zuwa cikin duniyar rayuwa ta biyu. Duk waɗannan tashoshi an yi amfani da su a wasu MOOCs. A cikin 2011, Jami'ar Stanford ta ƙaddamar da darussan kan layi uku, kuma bayan shekaru uku, fiye da 900 irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen an ba wa ɗalibai a Amurka kaɗai.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa masu farawa sun dauki ilimi. Malamin Ba'amurke Salman Khan nasa "makarantar", inda miliyoyin masu amfani ke karatu. Tashar tashar Coursera, wacce malaman Stanford biyu suka kaddamar a cikin 2012, ta tara masu amfani da miliyan 2018 a shekarar 33, kuma a watan Agustan 2019, an buga kwasa-kwasan 3600 daga jami'o'i 190 a tashar. Udemy, Udacity da sauran ayyuka da yawa sun buɗe ƙofar zuwa sabon ilimi, ayyuka da abubuwan sha'awa.
Menene gaba
Ba duk fasahohin sun rayu har zuwa tsammanin farko ba. Misali, ƙwararru da malamai da yawa sun annabta shaharar fashewar tsarin gaskiya na kama-da-wane, amma a zahiri, yawancin ɗalibai ba sa son ɗaukar darussan VR na matukin jirgi. Amma ya yi da wuri don yanke shawara; ƙananan cibiyoyin ilimi sun gwada waɗannan fasahohin, kuma a wasu yankuna har yanzu VR ta sami masu sauraronta - injiniyoyi da likitocin nan gaba sun riga sun fara aikin tiyata a kan na'urar kwaikwayo ta kama-da-wane da kuma nazarin ƙira na hadaddun hanyoyin. . Af, za mu yi magana game da irin wannan ci gaba da farawa a cikin kayan da ke gaba a farkon shekara ta gaba.
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Dangane da MOOCs, masana suna kiran wannan tsarin zuwa software na ilimi mafi girman ci gaba a wannan yanki cikin shekaru 200 da suka gabata. Lalle ne, ya riga ya yi wuya a yi tunanin duniya ba tare da ilimin kan layi ba. Kowace burin da kuka kafa wa kanku, kowane batutuwan da ke sha'awar ku, duk ilimin da ake buƙata yana samuwa a dannawa ɗaya kawai. A kan wannan bayanin, mun ƙare labarinmu na software na ilimi. Yi imani da kanka kuma duk abin da zai yiwu!
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source: www.habr.com