Alexander Chistyakov yana tuntuɓar, ni mai bishara ne kuma ya gaya muku game da mafi kyawun abubuwan fasaha guda 9 na 2019.
A cikin kima na, na dogara da dandano na fiye da ra'ayin masana. Saboda haka, wannan jeri, alal misali, ba ya haɗa da motoci marasa direba, saboda babu wani sabon abu ko abin mamaki a wannan fasaha.
Ban tsara abubuwan da suka faru a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka faru da mahimmanci ko tasirin wow ba, saboda mahimmancin su zai bayyana a fili nan da shekaru goma, kuma tasirin wow bai daɗe ba, kawai na yi ƙoƙarin sanya wannan labarin ya daidaita.
1. Aikace-aikacen sabar uwar garke a cikin harshen shirye-shirye na Rust don WebAssembly
Zan fara bitar da rahotanni guda biyu:
1. Rahoton , ya karanta a baya a cikin 2018.
A lokacin karanta rahoton, Brian Cantrill yana aiki a Joyent a matsayin CTO kuma bai san yadda 2019 zai ƙare a gare shi da Joyent ba.
2. , memba na core tawagar na Rust harshe da kuma marubucin littafin "The tsatsa Programming Language", aiki a Cloudflare, inda ya yi magana game da fasali na Rust harshen da WebAssembly fasahar, wanda ba ka damar amfani da yanar gizo bincike kamar yadda. dandamali don gudanar da aikace-aikacen.
A cikin 2019, WebAssembly tare da shi , wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da abubuwa na tsarin aiki kamar fayiloli da soket, ya wuce masu bincike kuma yana niyya ga kasuwar software na uwar garke.
Asalin ci gaban a bayyane yake - ɗan adam yana da ƙarin lokaci guda wanda zai iya tafiyar da aikace-aikacen šaukuwa don gidan yanar gizon (shin wani ya tuna ka'idar WORA, wanda marubutan harshen Java suka ƙirƙira?).
Hakanan muna da ingantacciyar hanyar gina waɗannan aikace-aikacen godiya ga Yaren Rust, wanda raison d'être shine kawar da duka nau'ikan kurakurai a lokacin tattarawa.
WebAssembly irin wannan mai sauya wasa ne wanda Solomon Hikes, daya daga cikin masu kirkiro Docker, ya rubuta cewa da WebAssembly da WASI sun kasance a cikin 2008, Docker kawai ba za a haife shi ba.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Rust yana cikin masu karɓar sabuwar fasahar šaukuwa - yanayin muhallinta yana haɓaka da ƙarfi kuma Rust ya kasance yaren shirye-shirye da aka fi so shekaru da yawa, bisa ga sakamakon. .
Wannan wani zamewa ne daga jawabin Steve wanda ya nuna a sarari rabon adadin kurakuran tsaro da za a iya kauce musu gaba ɗaya ta hanyar amfani da Rust zuwa jimlar adadin kurakuran da ke cikin MS. Windows, an gano shi a cikin shekaru goma da rabi da suka gabata.
Dole ne Microsoft ko ta yaya ya amsa irin wannan ƙalubale, kuma ya yi.
2. Project Verona daga Microsoft, wanda zai cece ku Windows kuma zai buɗe sabon shafi na tarihi ga kowane tsarin aiki
Yawan kurakurai a cikin ƙwayar Microsoft Windows kuma yawancin shirye-shiryen masu amfani sun ƙaru kusan a layi a cikin shekaru 12 da suka gabata.
A cikin 2019, Matthew Parkinson na Microsoft , wanda zai iya kawo karshen wannan.
Wannan wani shiri ne na Microsoft don ƙirƙirar harshen shirye-shirye mai aminci bisa ga ra'ayoyin harshen Rust: abokan aiki daga Microsoft Research sun gano cewa yawancin matsalolin tsaro suna da alaƙa da babban gadon harshen C, wanda yawancin WindowsHarshen Verona mai kama da Rust yana sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma damar shiga albarkatu a lokaci guda ta amfani da . Idan kana son fahimtar dalla-dalla yadda yake aiki, duba .
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa Microsoft bisa ga al'ada ana ɗauka a matsayin mugun daular kuma mai adawa da duk wani sabon abu, duk da cewa , babban mai haɓaka Glasgow Haskell Compiler, yana aiki a Microsoft.
Tambayar Brian Cantrill daga sakin layi na farko: "Shin ba lokaci ba ne da za a sake rubuta kernel ɗin tsarin aiki a cikin Rust?" ya sami amsar da ba zato ba tsammani - a bayyane yake cewa har yanzu bai yiwu a sake rubuta kernel ɗin tsarin aiki ba, amma an riga an sake rubuta shirye-shiryen da ke gudana a sararin samaniya. An fara wani tsari wanda ba zai iya tsayawa ba, kuma wannan zai buɗe sabon shafi na gaba ga duk tsarin aiki.
3. Haɓakar shaharar harshen shirye-shiryen Dart godiya ga tsarin Flutter
Ina da tabbacin cewa wadannan labarai na da matukar ban mamaki ba ga mu da sauran jama’a ba, har ma da mafi yawan wadanda suka shiga harkar samar da shi kai tsaye. Harshen shirye-shirye na Dart, wanda ya bayyana a Google shekaru takwas da suka gabata, ya sami saurin haɓaka cikin shahara a wannan shekara.
Ina amfani da hanyara ta tantance shaharar harsunan shirye-shirye ta hanyar nazarin ma'ajiyar bayanai akan Github, sau ɗaya a wata. . Idan a farkon shekara akwai mashahuran wuraren ajiya 100 akan Dart, a yau akwai 313 daga cikinsu.
Dart ya mamaye Erlang, PowerShell, R, Perl, Elixir, Haskell, Lua da CoffeeScript a cikin shahararru. Babu wani yaren shirye-shirye da alama ya girma cikin sauri a wannan shekara. Me yasa abin ya faru?
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan rahotanni na wannan shekara Richard Feldman ne ya karanta kuma aka kira shi Wani muhimmin sashi na rahoton ya keɓe ne ga nazarin yadda harsunan shirye-shirye suka zama sananne. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan, a cewar Richard, shine kasancewar sanannen aikace-aikace ko tsarin, a wasu kalmomi app na kisa.
Don harshen Dart, dalilin shahararsa shine tsarin haɓaka aikace-aikacen hannu , Yunƙurin shahararsa wanda, bisa ga Google Trends, ya faru ne a farkon wannan shekara.
Ba mu san komai game da Dart ba tunda ba ma yin ci gaban wayar hannu, amma muna maraba da wani yaren shirye-shirye na ƙididdiga.
4. Damar tsira daga mummunan yanayi Linux da kuma al'ummarta godiya ga na'urar eBPF ta kama-da-wane
Mu a VDSina soyayya taro: a wannan shekara na je taron DevOops a St. A cikin 2019, manyan ra'ayoyin a cikin irin wannan tattaunawa sune:
- Docker ya mutu saboda yana da ban sha'awa sosai
- Kubernetes yana da rai kuma zai ɗauki kusan shekara guda - har yanzu za a yi magana game da shi a taro a cikin 2020
- a halin yanzu, a cikin zuciyar Linux babu wani mutum mai rai da ya daɗe yana kallo
Ban raba batu na ƙarshe ba, daga ra'ayina, game da ci gaban ƙwayar Linux Abubuwa suna faruwa a yanzu waɗanda ba wai kawai suna da ban sha'awa ba, har ma suna da juyin juya hali. Mafi shahara shine na'urar eBPF ta kama-da-wane, wacce aka ƙirƙira ta da farko don magance aikin tace fakitin hanyar sadarwa mai wahala kuma tun daga lokacin ta rikide zuwa na'urar kama-da-wane ta matakin kernel.
Ci gaba don ƙwayar Linux: ya kasance
Ci gaba don ƙwayar Linux: ya zama
Tare da eBPF, kernel yanzu yana ba da rahoton abubuwan da za a iya sarrafa su kaɗan a wajen kernel - hanyar haɗin yanar gizon tana ba da damar yin hulɗa da kernel cikin aminci da inganci daga sararin mai amfani da kuma faɗaɗa da kuma daidaita ayyukan kernel. Linux, ta hanyar kauce wa idon Linus Torvalds mai gani da gani.
Kafin eBPF, haɓaka shirye-shirye waɗanda ayyukansu suna da alaƙa da hulɗa da kernel Linux Labari ne mai sarkakiya—ƙirƙirar abubuwa kamar direbobi don na'urori masu jinkiri da hanyoyin sadarwa don tsarin fayiloli a cikin sararin mai amfani yana buƙatar tsarin bita na yau da kullun daga ƙwararrun masu haɓaka kernel. Linux.
Bayyanar haɗin gwiwar eBPF ya sauƙaƙa sosai kan aiwatar da rubuta irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen - an saukar da ƙofar shiga, za a sami ƙarin masu haɓakawa kuma al'umma za su sake rayuwa.
Ba ni kaɗai ba a cikin sha'awara: yana bayyana mahimmancin eBPF don rayuwa (!) na tsarin haɓakar kernel. Wani, ba ƙaramin mashahurin mai haɓakawa ba (Ni babban masoyinsa ne) , wanda shekaru 50 ba a yi daidai ba.
A halin yanzu, Linus Torvalds yawanci ba ya yabonsa a bainar jama'a game da irin waɗannan abubuwa, kuma zan iya fahimtarsa - wanene yake son sanya kansa a fili kamar wawa? 🙂
5. Linux kusan ya bugi ƙusa ta ƙarshe a cikin akwatin gawar FreeBSD tare da hanyar haɗin io_uring asynchronous a cikin kernel Linux
Tunda muna magana ne game da ainihin Linux, ya zama dole a lura da wani babban ci gaba da ya faru a wannan shekarar: haɗa sabon core daga Jens Axbow na Facebook.
Shekaru da yawa, masu gudanar da tsarin FreeBSD da masu haɓaka tsarin sun ba da hujjar zaɓin su ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa FreeBSD yana da I/O mara daidaituwa fiye da yadda yake a da. LinuxMisali, wannan hujja Gleb Smirnov daga Nginx.
Yanzu wasan ya juye. kuma sakamakon aikin aikin yana da ban sha'awa, tare da IOPS yana ƙaruwa daga 14% zuwa 102% dangane da girman toshe. Akwai samfuri ta amfani da asynchronous I/O a cikin PostgreSQL (akalla ), akan canza PostgreSQL zuwa I/O mai kamanceceniya. Amma idan aka ba da yanayin ra'ayin mazan jiya na al'ummar haɓakawa, ba za mu ga waɗannan canje-canje ba tukuna a cikin 2020.
6. Komawar nasara na AMD tare da layin sarrafa Ryzen
Babu wani abu mai ban mamaki, kawai AMD, wanda ya kasance a gefe a cikin masana'antu na dogon lokaci, yana karya rikodin bayan rikodin.
Sabuwar layin na'urori masu sarrafawa na Ryzen sun nuna ƙimar farashi / ƙimar aiki mai ban mamaki: su , da kuma a wasu yankuna . A gasar, an tilasta Intel : Yana sa shirye-shiryen da aka gina da nasu na'ura mai haɗawa don yin aiki da ƙasa da inganci akan na'urar sarrafa gasa. Duk da ƙazantattun hanyoyin yaƙi na Intel, .
7. Bayan AMD, Apple yana da niyyar ɗaukar wani yanki na kek ɗin Intel tare da iPadOS da tsoffin dabaru na Gates.
Duk wanda zai iya rike makami a hannunsu yakan yi kokarin shiga cikin fadace-fadacen kattai, kuma ba AMD kadai ke fafatawa da tushen abinci na Intel ba. Apple ya kasance kamar tsohon bijimin a cikin barkwanci.
a hankali za mu gangara daga dutsenWani ɗan bijimi da tsoho yana tsaye a saman dutse, garken shanu kuma suna kiwo a ƙasa.
Saurayin bijimin yana ba da tsohon:
- Ji, mu yi sauri, da sauri mu sauka, mu ƙwanƙwasa saniya
da sauri, da sauri, za mu koma sama!
- A'a!
- To, sai mu yi sauri, mu sauka, mu kira shanu biyu kowanne da sauri-
Mu dawo da sauri!
- A'a!
- To, me kuke ba da shawara to?
- Za mu sannu a hankali, sannu a hankali gangara dutsen, za mu kashe dukan garke da
Mu dawo a hankali a hankali zuwa wurinmu!
Ta hanyar fitar da sabon iPadOS, Apple ya yi amfani da dabara a kan Intel da ake kira "bidi'a mai rudani."
Ma'anar Wikipedia
"Bidi'a mai rudani" wani sabon abu ne wanda ke canza ma'auni na dabi'u a kasuwa. A lokaci guda, tsofaffin samfuran sun zama marasa gasa kawai saboda sigogin da aka dogara akan gasar a baya sun rasa mahimmancin su.
Misalan "sababbin sababbin abubuwa" sune tarho (maye gurbin telegraph), jiragen ruwa (maye gurbin jiragen ruwa), semiconductor (masu maye gurbin na'urori), kyamarori na dijital (masu maye gurbin kyamarori na fim), da imel (wasiku na gargajiya).
Apple yana amfani da na'urori masu amfani da ƙananan ƙarfin ARM, kuma wannan ya tabbatar da cewa ya fi mahimmanci ga masu amfani fiye da ƙarancin ƙarancin aikin Intel's x86.
Apple yana kula da kwace wani kaso na kasuwa, yana mai da iPad daga tashar nishadi zuwa cikakken kayan aikin aiki - na farko ga waɗanda ke ƙirƙirar abun ciki, kuma yanzu ga masu haɓakawa. Tabbas, ba za mu ga MacBook na tushen ARM nan da nan ba, amma ƙananan matsaloli tare da ƙira na maɓallan MacBook Pro suna ƙarfafa neman hanyoyin mafita, kuma ɗayansu ya yi alkawarin zama iPad Pro tare da iPadOS.
Menene alakar Gates da Microsoft da shi?
A wani lokaci, Gates ya cire wannan dabarar da IBM.
A shekarun 1970, IBM ta mamaye kasuwar sabar, tana watsi da kwamfutocin mutum ɗaya da aminci ga talakawa. A shekarun 1980, Gates ya yi amfani da kuɗin IBM don ƙirƙira da ba da lasisi ga MS-DOS, yana riƙe haƙƙin tsarin aiki da kansa. Bayan ya karɓi kuɗin, Microsoft ta ƙirƙiri hanyar sadarwa ta zane don MS-DOS, kuma duniyar kwamfutoci ta samo asali. Windows — da farko dai kawai zane ne mai ban sha'awa a kan DOS, sannan kuma tsarin aiki na farko na PC wanda ya dace da jama'a. IBM, babban kamfani mai wahala, ya rasa kasuwar kwamfuta ta sirri ga matashin Microsoft mai sauri. Na taƙaita wannan labarin mai ban mamaki a takaice, don haka idan kuna sha'awar yadda Apple za ta fafata da Intel a 2020 tare da iPadOS, ina ba da shawarar sosai. .
8. Ƙarfafa matsayin ZFSonLinux — tsohon doki ba ya lalata gashin
Canonical amfani da tsarin fayil ɗin ZFS a matsayin tsarin tushen fayil kai tsaye daga mai sakawa. Wani lokaci ina tsammanin injiniyoyin da suka yi aiki a Sun Microsystems suna wakiltar wani nau'in halittu daban-daban na Homo sapiens (waɗanda aka ambata a baya Brian Cantrill da Brendan Gregg sun yi aiki a Sun). Yi hukunci da kanka, duk da shekaru da yawa na ƙoƙarin ɗan adam na ƙirƙirar wani abu ko da yake kama da tsarin fayil ɗin ZFS, duk da ƙuntatawa masu ƙarfi na lasisi waɗanda ke hana haɗa lambar tushe ta ZFS a cikin babban reshen haɓaka kernel. Linux, har yanzu muna amfani da ZFS kuma wannan ba zai canza nan ba da jimawa ba.
9. Kamfanin Kwamfuta na Oxide - za mu sa ido sosai kan ƙungiyar, wanda a fili yake iya da yawa - aƙalla ƙirƙirar wasan kwaikwayo mai sanyi.
Na ƙare lissafina tare da wani ambaton Brian Cantrill, inda na fara.
Brian Cantrill da sauran injiniyoyi (wasu daga cikinsu kuma a da sun yi aiki a Sun) sun kafa wani kamfani mai suna , Babban burin wanda shine ƙirƙirar dandamali na uwar garke wanda ya dace don amfani a kan babban sikelin. An san cewa manyan kamfanoni irin su Google, Facebook da Amazon ba sa amfani da kayan aikin uwar garken na yau da kullun a cikin ayyukansu. Kamfanin Brian yana da nufin kawar da wannan rashin daidaituwa ta hanyar haɓaka software da dandamali na hardware wanda ya dace don amfani da kowane sabis na girgije (ciki har da harshen shirye-shiryen Rust).
Tunaninsu alƙawarin sabon juyin juya hali ne, kuma zan yi, aƙalla, in ji daɗin kallon motsin tunaninsu da ci gabansu a cikin 2020 mai zuwa.
Abin da muka yi nasarar yi a cikin 2019 a VDSina
Ba mu yi wani ci gaban fasaha a cikin 2019 tare da VDSina ba, amma har yanzu muna da wani abu da za mu yi alfahari da shi.
A watan Fabrairu, mun ƙara ikon yin amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta gida tsakanin sabobin kuma ƙaddamar da sabis na rajistar yanki. Farashin da aka sanya daya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a kasuwa - 179 rubles da ru / рф, ciki har da sabuntawa.
A cikin Maris mun yi magana a Taron Duniya na IT #14.
A watan Afrilu, mun ƙara nisa tashoshi ga kowane uwar garken daga 100 zuwa 200 Megabits, da kuma muhimmanci kara yawan zirga-zirga iyaka ga duk jadawalin kuɗin fito (sai dai mafi arha) - zuwa 32 TB kowane wata.
A watan Yuli, an bai wa abokan ciniki zaɓi don shigar da ta atomatik Windows Server 2019. An fara samar da kariyar DDoS kyauta a cikin yankin Moscow.
Hakanan a cikin Yuli, kamfaninmu ya bayyana akan Habré, yana halarta da kuma yadda ya taimaka mana yin tsalle-tsalle na adadi a cikin tallafin abokin ciniki.
A watan Agusta, sun kara da ikon ƙirƙirar hotuna-majigin uwar garke.
An fito da API na jama'a.
Mun ƙara fadin tashar don kowane uwar garken daga 200 zuwa 500 Megabits.
Mun halarci taron hargitsi Constructions 2019, muna rarraba bulala tare da tambarin kamfani a matsayin fatauci ( taken yakin shine "Lokacin da mai haɓakawa ke kan gaba") kuma mun lalata taɗi na telegram.
A watan Satumba, mun ƙaddamar da mafi kyawun abokantaka da abokantaka na Instagram na kamfanin IT - VDSina ya fara magana game da labarai da rayuwar yau da kullun. .
A watan Nuwamba, mun je Highload ++, mu shiga cikin wani zagaye tebur a kan "databases a Kubernetes" da kuma ado da mahalarta a cikin shark huluna.
A watan Disamba, mun yi magana a taron DevOps a ofishin GazPromNeft tare da rahoto game da bayanan bayanai a Kubernetes da kuma a taron DevOpsDays a Moscow. , wanda tabbas shine mafi kyawun aikina na shekara.
ƙarshe
Kamar yadda Nassim Taleb ya ce, ya fi sauƙi a yi hasashen abin da ba za mu gani ba. Ina so in nuna cewa duk wani sabon abu da za mu gani a 2020 ya samo asali ne daga 2019, 2018, da kuma a baya. Ba zan yi ƙoƙarin yin hasashen abin da zai faru nan gaba daidai ba, amma 2020 ba shakka ba zai zama shekarar ba. Linux a kan tebur (yaushe ne karo na ƙarshe da ka ga tebur?) da kuma shekarar Linux Mun shafe kimanin shekaru goma muna ganin wannan a wayoyin hannu.
A kowane hali, ina fata a cikin shekara guda za mu sake haduwa kuma mu tattauna yadda komai ya kasance da gaske.
Happy Holidays kowa da kowa!
Bi mai haɓaka mu akan Instagram
source: www.habr.com
