Alexander Chistyakov yana tuntuɓar, ni mai bishara ne kuma ya gaya muku game da mafi kyawun abubuwan fasaha guda 9 na 2019.
A cikin kima na, na dogara da dandano na fiye da ra'ayin masana. Saboda haka, wannan jeri, alal misali, ba ya haɗa da motoci marasa direba, saboda babu wani sabon abu ko abin mamaki a wannan fasaha.
Ban tsara abubuwan da suka faru a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka faru da mahimmanci ko tasirin wow ba, saboda mahimmancin su zai bayyana a fili nan da shekaru goma, kuma tasirin wow bai daɗe ba, kawai na yi ƙoƙarin sanya wannan labarin ya daidaita.
1. Aikace-aikacen sabar uwar garke a cikin harshen shirye-shirye na Rust don WebAssembly
Zan fara bitar da rahotanni guda biyu:
1. Rahoton , ya karanta a baya a cikin 2018.
A lokacin karanta rahoton, Brian Cantrill yana aiki a Joyent a matsayin CTO kuma bai san yadda 2019 zai ƙare a gare shi da Joyent ba.
2. , memba na core tawagar na Rust harshe da kuma marubucin littafin "The tsatsa Programming Language", aiki a Cloudflare, inda ya yi magana game da fasali na Rust harshen da WebAssembly fasahar, wanda ba ka damar amfani da yanar gizo bincike kamar yadda. dandamali don gudanar da aikace-aikacen.
A cikin 2019, WebAssembly tare da shi , wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da abubuwa na tsarin aiki kamar fayiloli da soket, ya wuce masu bincike kuma yana niyya ga kasuwar software na uwar garke.
Asalin ci gaban a bayyane yake - ɗan adam yana da ƙarin lokaci guda wanda zai iya tafiyar da aikace-aikacen šaukuwa don gidan yanar gizon (shin wani ya tuna ka'idar WORA, wanda marubutan harshen Java suka ƙirƙira?).
Hakanan muna da ingantacciyar hanyar gina waɗannan aikace-aikacen godiya ga Yaren Rust, wanda raison d'être shine kawar da duka nau'ikan kurakurai a lokacin tattarawa.
WebAssembly irin wannan mai sauya wasa ne wanda Solomon Hikes, daya daga cikin masu kirkiro Docker, ya rubuta cewa da WebAssembly da WASI sun kasance a cikin 2008, Docker kawai ba za a haife shi ba.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Rust yana cikin masu karɓar sabuwar fasahar šaukuwa - yanayin muhallinta yana haɓaka da ƙarfi kuma Rust ya kasance yaren shirye-shirye da aka fi so shekaru da yawa, bisa ga sakamakon. .
Wannan zane-zane ne daga maganar Steve, wanda ke nuna a sarari adadin adadin kurakuran tsaro waɗanda ba za a iya kaucewa gaba ɗaya ba yayin amfani da Tsatsa zuwa jimlar adadin kwaro da aka samu a cikin MS Windows a cikin shekaru goma da rabi da suka gabata.
Dole ne Microsoft ko ta yaya ya amsa irin wannan ƙalubale, kuma ya yi.
2. Project Verona daga Microsoft, wanda zai ajiye Windows da kuma bude wani sabon shafi na tarihi ga kowane OS
Adadin kwari a cikin kwaya ta Microsoft Windows da galibin shirye-shiryen mabukaci ya karu kusan a layi daya cikin shekaru 12 da suka gabata.
A cikin 2019, Matthew Parkinson na Microsoft , wanda zai iya kawo karshen wannan.
Wannan shi ne yunƙurin Microsoft don ƙirƙirar ingantaccen yaren shirye-shirye bisa ra'ayoyin Yaren Rust: abokan aiki daga Microsoft Research sun gano cewa yawancin matsalolin tsaro suna da alaƙa da manyan abubuwan tarihi na C, wanda aka rubuta yawancin Windows. Harshen Rust na Verona yana sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da samun dama ga albarkatu ta amfani da lokaci guda . Idan kana son fahimtar dalla-dalla yadda yake aiki, duba .
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa Microsoft bisa ga al'ada ana ɗauka a matsayin mugun daular kuma mai adawa da duk wani sabon abu, duk da cewa , babban mai haɓaka Glasgow Haskell Compiler, yana aiki a Microsoft.
Tambayar Brian Cantrill daga sakin layi na farko: "Shin ba lokaci ba ne da za a sake rubuta kernel ɗin tsarin aiki a cikin Rust?" ya sami amsar da ba zato ba tsammani - a bayyane yake cewa har yanzu bai yiwu a sake rubuta kernel ɗin tsarin aiki ba, amma an riga an sake rubuta shirye-shiryen da ke gudana a sararin samaniya. An fara wani tsari wanda ba zai iya tsayawa ba, kuma wannan zai buɗe sabon shafi na gaba ga duk tsarin aiki.
3. Haɓakar shaharar harshen shirye-shiryen Dart godiya ga tsarin Flutter
Ina da tabbacin cewa wadannan labarai na da matukar ban mamaki ba ga mu da sauran jama’a ba, har ma da mafi yawan wadanda suka shiga harkar samar da shi kai tsaye. Harshen shirye-shirye na Dart, wanda ya bayyana a Google shekaru takwas da suka gabata, ya sami saurin haɓaka cikin shahara a wannan shekara.
Ina amfani da hanyara ta tantance shaharar harsunan shirye-shirye ta hanyar nazarin ma'ajiyar bayanai akan Github, sau ɗaya a wata. . Idan a farkon shekara akwai mashahuran wuraren ajiya 100 akan Dart, a yau akwai 313 daga cikinsu.
Dart ya mamaye Erlang, PowerShell, R, Perl, Elixir, Haskell, Lua da CoffeeScript a cikin shahararru. Babu wani yaren shirye-shirye da alama ya girma cikin sauri a wannan shekara. Me yasa abin ya faru?
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan rahotanni na wannan shekara Richard Feldman ne ya karanta kuma aka kira shi Wani muhimmin sashi na rahoton ya keɓe ne ga nazarin yadda harsunan shirye-shirye suka zama sananne. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan, a cewar Richard, shine kasancewar sanannen aikace-aikace ko tsarin, a wasu kalmomi app na kisa.
Don harshen Dart, dalilin shahararsa shine tsarin haɓaka aikace-aikacen hannu , Yunƙurin shahararsa wanda, bisa ga Google Trends, ya faru ne a farkon wannan shekara.
Ba mu san komai game da Dart ba tunda ba ma yin ci gaban wayar hannu, amma muna maraba da wani yaren shirye-shirye na ƙididdiga.
4. Dama don tsira na Linux kernel da al'ummarta godiya ga na'ura mai mahimmanci na eBPF
Mu a VDSina soyayya taro: a wannan shekara na je taron DevOops a St. A cikin 2019, manyan ra'ayoyin a cikin irin wannan tattaunawa sune:
- Docker ya mutu saboda yana da ban sha'awa sosai
- Kubernetes yana da rai kuma zai ɗauki kusan shekara guda - har yanzu za a yi magana game da shi a taro a cikin 2020
- A halin yanzu, babu wani mai rai da ya daɗe yana duban kwaya ta Linux
Ba na raba batu na ƙarshe; daga ra'ayi na, ba kawai ban sha'awa ba, amma abubuwan juyin juya hali suna faruwa a yanzu a cikin ci gaban Linux kernel. Mafi shahara shi ne na'ura mai kama da eBPF, wacce aka ƙirƙira ta asali don magance aiki mai ban sha'awa na tace fakitin cibiyar sadarwa, sannan ya girma ya zama na'ura mai mahimmanci na matakin kwaya.
Haɓaka don Linux kernel: ee
Haɓaka don Linux kernel: yanzu
Godiya ga eBPF, kernel yanzu yana ba da rahoton faruwar abubuwan da za a iya sarrafa su a waje da kwaya - ƙirar tana ba da damar yin hulɗa cikin aminci da inganci tare da kernel daga sararin mai amfani da faɗaɗa da haɓaka ayyukan kwaya ta Linux, ta ketare duka. - ganin idon Linus Torvalds.
Kafin eBPF, haɓaka shirye-shiryen waɗanda ayyukansu ke da alaƙa da hulɗa da kwaya ta Linux labari ne mai wahala - ƙirƙirar abubuwa kamar direbobi don jinkirin na'urori da musaya don tsarin fayil a sararin mai amfani da ake buƙata ta hanyar bita ta yau da kullun ta masu haɓaka kernel Linux.
Bayyanar haɗin gwiwar eBPF ya sauƙaƙa sosai kan aiwatar da rubuta irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen - an saukar da ƙofar shiga, za a sami ƙarin masu haɓakawa kuma al'umma za su sake rayuwa.
Ba ni kaɗai ba a cikin sha'awara: yana bayyana mahimmancin eBPF don rayuwa (!) na tsarin haɓakar kernel. Wani, ba ƙaramin mashahurin mai haɓakawa ba (Ni babban masoyinsa ne) , wanda shekaru 50 ba a yi daidai ba.
A halin yanzu, Linus Torvalds yawanci ba ya yabonsa a bainar jama'a game da irin waɗannan abubuwa, kuma zan iya fahimtarsa - wanene yake son sanya kansa a fili kamar wawa? 🙂
5. Linux ya sanya kusan ƙusa na ƙarshe a cikin akwatin gawar FreeBSD godiya ga asynchronous io_uring interface a cikin Linux kernel
Yayin da muke kan batun Linux kernel, yana da kyau a lura da wani gagarumin ci gaba da ya faru a wannan shekara: haɗa da wani sabon abu. daga Jens Axbow na Facebook.
Shekaru da yawa, masu gudanar da tsarin da masu haɓaka FreeBSD sun dogara da zaɓin su akan gaskiyar cewa FreeBSD ya fi dacewa da I/O fiye da Linux. Misali wannan hujja Gleb Smirnov daga Nginx.
Yanzu wasan ya juye. kuma sakamakon aikin aikin yana da ban sha'awa, tare da IOPS yana ƙaruwa daga 14% zuwa 102% dangane da girman toshe. Akwai samfuri ta amfani da asynchronous I/O a cikin PostgreSQL (akalla ), akan canza PostgreSQL zuwa I/O mai kamanceceniya. Amma idan aka ba da yanayin ra'ayin mazan jiya na al'ummar haɓakawa, ba za mu ga waɗannan canje-canje ba tukuna a cikin 2020.
6. Komawar nasara na AMD tare da layin sarrafa Ryzen
Babu wani abu mai ban mamaki, kawai AMD, wanda ya kasance a gefe a cikin masana'antu na dogon lokaci, yana karya rikodin bayan rikodin.
Sabuwar layin na'urori masu sarrafawa na Ryzen sun nuna ƙimar farashi / ƙimar aiki mai ban mamaki: su , da kuma a wasu yankuna . A gasar, an tilasta Intel : Yana sa shirye-shiryen da aka gina da nasu na'ura mai haɗawa don yin aiki da ƙasa da inganci akan na'urar sarrafa gasa. Duk da ƙazantattun hanyoyin yaƙi na Intel, .
7. Bayan AMD, Apple yana da niyyar ɗaukar wani yanki na kek ɗin Intel tare da iPadOS da tsoffin dabaru na Gates.
Duk wanda zai iya rike makami a hannunsu yakan yi kokarin shiga cikin fadace-fadacen kattai, kuma ba AMD kadai ke fafatawa da tushen abinci na Intel ba. Apple ya kasance kamar tsohon bijimin a cikin barkwanci.
a hankali za mu gangara daga dutsenWani ɗan bijimi da tsoho yana tsaye a saman dutse, garken shanu kuma suna kiwo a ƙasa.
Saurayin bijimin yana ba da tsohon:
- Ji, mu yi sauri, da sauri mu sauka, mu ƙwanƙwasa saniya
da sauri, da sauri, za mu koma sama!
- A'a!
- To, sai mu yi sauri, mu sauka, mu kira shanu biyu kowanne da sauri-
Mu dawo da sauri!
- A'a!
- To, me kuke ba da shawara to?
- Za mu sannu a hankali, sannu a hankali gangara dutsen, za mu kashe dukan garke da
Mu dawo a hankali a hankali zuwa wurinmu!
Ta hanyar fitar da sabon iPadOS, Apple ya yi amfani da dabara a kan Intel da ake kira "bidi'a mai rudani."
Ma'anar Wikipedia
"Bidi'a mai rudani" wani sabon abu ne wanda ke canza ma'auni na dabi'u a kasuwa. A lokaci guda, tsofaffin samfuran sun zama marasa gasa kawai saboda sigogin da aka dogara akan gasar a baya sun rasa mahimmancin su.
Misalan "sababbin sababbin abubuwa" sune tarho (maye gurbin telegraph), jiragen ruwa (maye gurbin jiragen ruwa), semiconductor (masu maye gurbin na'urori), kyamarori na dijital (masu maye gurbin kyamarori na fim), da imel (wasiku na gargajiya).
Apple yana amfani da na'urori masu amfani da ƙananan ƙarfin ARM, kuma wannan ya tabbatar da cewa ya fi mahimmanci ga masu amfani fiye da ƙarancin ƙarancin aikin Intel's x86.
Apple yana kula da kwace wani kaso na kasuwa, yana mai da iPad daga tashar nishadi zuwa cikakken kayan aikin aiki - na farko ga waɗanda ke ƙirƙirar abun ciki, kuma yanzu ga masu haɓakawa. Tabbas, ba za mu ga MacBook na tushen ARM nan da nan ba, amma ƙananan matsaloli tare da ƙira na maɓallan MacBook Pro suna ƙarfafa neman hanyoyin mafita, kuma ɗayansu ya yi alkawarin zama iPad Pro tare da iPadOS.
Menene alakar Gates da Microsoft da shi?
A wani lokaci, Gates ya cire wannan dabarar da IBM.
A cikin 1970s, IBM ya mamaye kasuwar uwar garke, tare da amincewar wani kato mai yin watsi da kwamfutoci na mutum don matsakaita. A cikin 1980s, Gates ya ƙirƙiri IBM da kuɗi kuma ya ba shi lasisin MS-DOS, yana barin haƙƙin tsarin aiki ga kansa. Bayan samun kuɗin, Microsoft ya ƙirƙiri ƙirar hoto don MS-DOS, kuma an haifi Windows - da farko kawai ƙarar hoto akan DOS, sannan tsarin aiki na farko don PC, dacewa don amfani da talakawa. IBM, kasancewarsa babban kamfani, kamfani, yana rasa kasuwar kwamfuta ta sirri ga matasa da sauri Microsoft. Na sake maimaita wannan babban labarin a taƙaice, don haka idan kuna mamakin yadda Apple zai yi wasa da Intel a 2020 tare da iPadOS, Ina ba da shawarar sosai. .
8. Ƙarfafa matsayi na ZFSonLinux - tsohon doki baya lalata furrow
Canonical ta amfani da tsarin fayil na ZFS azaman tushen tsarin fayil kai tsaye daga mai sakawa. Wani lokaci a gare ni cewa injiniyoyin da suka yi aiki a Sun Microsystems suna wakiltar nau'in halitta daban-daban na Homo sapiens (Brian Cantrill da Brendan Gregg, wanda aka riga aka ambata a sama, sun yi aiki a Sun). Yi hukunci da kanku, duk da shekaru da yawa na ƙoƙarin ɗan adam don yin wani abu har ma da kama da tsarin fayil ɗin ZFS, duk da ƙayyadaddun lasisin da ba za a iya warwarewa ba wanda ke hana haɗa lambar tushen ZFS a cikin babban reshe na ci gaban Linux kernel, har yanzu muna amfani da shi. ZFS, kuma a cikin halin da ake ciki ba zai canza ba a nan gaba.
9. Kamfanin Kwamfuta na Oxide - za mu sa ido sosai kan ƙungiyar, wanda a fili yake iya da yawa - aƙalla ƙirƙirar wasan kwaikwayo mai sanyi.
Na ƙare lissafina tare da wani ambaton Brian Cantrill, inda na fara.
Brian Cantrill da sauran injiniyoyi (wasu daga cikinsu kuma a da sun yi aiki a Sun) sun kafa wani kamfani mai suna , Babban burin wanda shine ƙirƙirar dandamali na uwar garke wanda ya dace don amfani a kan babban sikelin. An san cewa manyan kamfanoni irin su Google, Facebook da Amazon ba sa amfani da kayan aikin uwar garken na yau da kullun a cikin ayyukansu. Kamfanin Brian yana da nufin kawar da wannan rashin daidaituwa ta hanyar haɓaka software da dandamali na hardware wanda ya dace don amfani da kowane sabis na girgije (ciki har da harshen shirye-shiryen Rust).
Tunaninsu alƙawarin sabon juyin juya hali ne, kuma zan yi, aƙalla, in ji daɗin kallon motsin tunaninsu da ci gabansu a cikin 2020 mai zuwa.
Abin da muka yi nasarar yi a cikin 2019 a VDSina
Ba mu yi wani ci gaban fasaha a cikin 2019 tare da VDSina ba, amma har yanzu muna da wani abu da za mu yi alfahari da shi.
A watan Fabrairu, mun ƙara ikon yin amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta gida tsakanin sabobin kuma ƙaddamar da sabis na rajistar yanki. Farashin da aka sanya daya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a kasuwa - 179 rubles da ru / рф, ciki har da sabuntawa.
A cikin Maris mun yi magana a Taron Duniya na IT #14.
A watan Afrilu, mun ƙara nisa tashoshi ga kowane uwar garken daga 100 zuwa 200 Megabits, da kuma muhimmanci kara yawan zirga-zirga iyaka ga duk jadawalin kuɗin fito (sai dai mafi arha) - zuwa 32 TB kowane wata.
A watan Yuli, abokan ciniki sun sami damar shigar da Windows Server 2019 ta atomatik. An fara ba da kariya ta DDoS kyauta a cikin wurin Moscow.
Hakanan a cikin Yuli, kamfaninmu ya bayyana akan Habré, yana halarta da kuma yadda ya taimaka mana yin tsalle-tsalle na adadi a cikin tallafin abokin ciniki.
A watan Agusta, sun kara da ikon ƙirƙirar hotuna-majigin uwar garke.
An fito da API na jama'a.
Mun ƙara fadin tashar don kowane uwar garken daga 200 zuwa 500 Megabits.
Mun halarci taron hargitsi Constructions 2019, muna rarraba bulala tare da tambarin kamfani a matsayin fatauci ( taken yakin shine "Lokacin da mai haɓakawa ke kan gaba") kuma mun lalata taɗi na telegram.
A watan Satumba, mun ƙaddamar da mafi kyawun abokantaka da abokantaka na Instagram na kamfanin IT - VDSina ya fara magana game da labarai da rayuwar yau da kullun. .
A watan Nuwamba, mun je Highload ++, mu shiga cikin wani zagaye tebur a kan "databases a Kubernetes" da kuma ado da mahalarta a cikin shark huluna.
A watan Disamba, mun yi magana a taron DevOps a ofishin GazPromNeft tare da rahoto game da bayanan bayanai a Kubernetes da kuma a taron DevOpsDays a Moscow. , wanda tabbas shine mafi kyawun aikina na shekara.
ƙarshe
Kamar yadda Nassim Taleb ya ce, yana da sauƙin yin hasashen abin da shakka ba za mu gani ba. Ina so in lura cewa duk wani sabon abu da za mu gani a cikin 2020 ya koma 2019, 2018 da kuma baya. Ba na tsammanin yin hasashen makomar gaba daidai ba, amma 2020 tabbas ba zai zama shekarar Linux akan tebur ba (yaushe ne lokacin ƙarshe da kuka ga tebur?) Kuma mun kasance muna ganin shekarar Linux akan na'urorin hannu har goma. shekaru yanzu.
A kowane hali, ina fata a cikin shekara guda za mu sake haduwa kuma mu tattauna yadda komai ya kasance da gaske.
Happy Holidays kowa da kowa!
Bi mai haɓaka mu akan Instagram
source: www.habr.com