Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya - , kuma duk da cewa an daɗe ana nazarinsa, akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa na ƙarya - ko aƙalla ba daidai ba - game da shi.
Za mu gaya muku game da mafi mashahuri daga cikinsu, da dalilin da ya sa ba shi da sauƙi a manta da komai, abin da ke sa mu "sata" ƙwaƙwalwar wani, da kuma yadda tunanin ƙagaggun ya shafi rayuwarmu.
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Ƙwaƙwalwar hoto shine ikon "tuna da komai"
Ƙwaƙwalwar hoto shine ra'ayin cewa mutum a kowane lokaci na iya ɗaukar wani nau'in "hoton hoto" nan take na gaskiyar da ke kewaye da shi kuma bayan wani lokaci ya "cire" daga cikin fadodin hankali. Ainihin, wannan tatsuniya ta dogara ne akan ra'ayin (kuma ƙarya) cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan adam tana ci gaba da rubuta duk abin da mutum yake gani a kusa da shi. Wannan labari yana da tsayin daka kuma yana da tsayin daka a cikin al'adun zamani - alal misali, wannan tsari ne na "rikodi na al'ada" wanda ya haifar da bayyanar shahararren faifan bidiyo daga jerin litattafai na Koji Suzuki na "Ring".
A cikin sararin samaniya na "Ring", wannan yana iya zama gaskiya, amma a cikin gaskiyarmu, kasancewar "ɗari bisa dari" ƙwaƙwalwar hoto ba a riga an tabbatar da shi a aikace ba. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tana da alaƙa ta kut da kut da sarrafa ƙirƙira da fahimtar bayanai; sanin kai da gano kai suna da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan tunaninmu.
Saboda haka, masana kimiyya suna da shakku game da iƙirarin cewa wani mutum na iya iya "rikodi" ko "hoton" gaskiyar. Sau da yawa suna haɗawa da sa'o'i na horo da kuma amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin farko na ƙwaƙwalwar "hotuna" da aka bayyana a cikin kimiyya .
Muna magana ne game da aikin Charles Stromeyer III. A cikin 1970, ya buga wani abu a cikin mujallar Nature game da wani Elizabeth, ɗalibin Harvard wanda zai iya haddace shafukan wakoki a cikin wani harshe da ba a sani ba a kallo. Har ma fiye da haka - kallon ido ɗaya a kan hoton ɗigo 10 na bazuwar, kuma washegari tare da ɗayan ido a wani hoto na biyu, ta sami damar haɗa duka hotuna a cikin tunaninta kuma "gani" autostereogram mai girma uku.
Gaskiya ne, sauran ma'abuta na musamman na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba za su iya maimaita nasarorin da ta samu ba. Elizabeth kanta ma ba ta sake yin gwajin ba - kuma bayan wani lokaci ta auri Strohmeyer, wanda ya kara da shakkun masana kimiyya game da "gano" da dalilansa.
Mafi kusa da tatsuniya na ƙwaƙwalwar hoto eydizm - ikon riƙewa da sake haifuwa dalla-dalla na gani (kuma wani lokacin gustatory, tactile, auditory da olfactory) hotuna na dogon lokaci. Bisa ga wasu shaidun, Tesla, Reagan da Aivazovsky suna da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar eidetic na musamman; hotunan eidetics kuma sun shahara a cikin shahararrun al'adun gargajiya - daga Lisbeth Salander zuwa Doctor Strange. Duk da haka, ƙwaƙwalwar eidetics kuma ba inji ba ne - ko da ba za su iya "sake rikodin" zuwa kowane lokaci na sabani ba kuma sake duba komai, a cikin cikakkun bayanai. Eidetics, kamar sauran mutane, suna buƙatar shigar da hankali, fahimtar batun, sha'awar abin da ke faruwa don tunawa - kuma a wannan yanayin, ƙwaƙwalwar su na iya ɓacewa ko gyara wasu cikakkun bayanai.
Amnesia ita ce cikakkiyar asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
Har ila yau, wannan tatsuniyar ta haifar da labarun daga al'adun pop - gwarzo-wanda aka azabtar da amnesia yawanci, sakamakon abin da ya faru, gaba daya ya rasa duk abin da ya gabata, amma a lokaci guda yana sadarwa tare da wasu kuma yana da kyau sosai a tunani. . A gaskiya, amnesia na iya bayyana kanta ta hanyoyi da yawa, kuma wanda aka kwatanta a sama ya yi nisa daga mafi yawan al'ada.
Photography - Unsplash
Alal misali, tare da retrograde amnesia, mai haƙuri bazai tuna abubuwan da suka faru kafin rauni ko rashin lafiya ba, amma yawanci yana riƙe da ƙwaƙwalwar bayanan tarihin rayuwa, musamman game da yara da samartaka. A cikin yanayin anterograde amnesia, wanda aka azabtar, akasin haka, ya rasa ikon tunawa da sababbin abubuwan da suka faru, amma, a gefe guda, ya tuna abin da ya faru da shi kafin rauni.
Halin da jarumi ba zai iya tunawa da komai ba game da abin da ya gabata na iya danganta da rashin jituwa, misali, yanayin. . A wannan yanayin, da gaske mutum ba ya tuna da wani abu game da kansa da kuma rayuwar da ta gabata, haka ma, zai iya fito da wani sabon biography da suna ga kansa. Dalilin irin wannan amnesia yawanci ba rashin lafiya ba ne ko rauni na bazata, amma abubuwan tashin hankali ko damuwa mai tsanani - yana da kyau cewa wannan yana faruwa sau da yawa a rayuwa fiye da a cikin fina-finai.
Duniyar waje ba ta shafar ƙwaƙwalwarmu
Wannan wani kuskure ne, wanda kuma ya samo asali ne daga ra'ayin cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarmu daidai kuma tana rubuta abubuwan da suka faru da mu. Da farko, da alama wannan gaskiya ne: wani irin abu ya faru da mu. Mun tuna da shi. Yanzu, idan ya cancanta, za mu iya "cire" wannan jigon daga ƙwaƙwalwarmu kuma mu " kunna" a matsayin shirin bidiyo.
Wataƙila wannan kwatankwacin ya dace, amma akwai ɗaya “amma”: ba kamar fim ɗin gaske ba, wannan shirin zai canza lokacin da aka “kwance” - dangane da sabon ƙwarewarmu, yanayi, yanayin tunanin mutum, da halayen masu shiga tsakani. A wannan yanayin, ba muna magana ne game da ƙarya da gangan ba - yana iya zama kamar mai tuna cewa yana ba da labari iri ɗaya a kowane lokaci - yadda komai ya faru.
Gaskiyar ita ce ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba kawai ilimin lissafi ba ne, amma har ma ginin zamantakewa. Lokacin da muka tuna kuma muka ba da labarin wasu al'amuran rayuwarmu, sau da yawa mukan daidaita su cikin rashin sani, la'akari da bukatun masu shiga tsakani. Bugu da ƙari, za mu iya "aron" ko "sata" tunanin wasu mutane - kuma mun yi kyau sosai.
Batun rancen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, musamman, masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Kudancin Methodist a Amurka suna nazarin batun. A daya daga cikinsu An gano cewa wannan al'amari ya yadu sosai - fiye da rabin wadanda suka amsa (daliban kwaleji) sun lura cewa sun ci karo da wani yanayi inda wani da suka sani ya sake ba da labarin kansa a farkon mutum. A lokaci guda, wasu waɗanda suka amsa sun kasance da tabbaci cewa abubuwan da aka sake faɗa sun faru da su a zahiri kuma ba a “ji su” ba.
Memories ba za a iya aro ba kawai, amma kuma ƙirƙira - wannan shi ne abin da ake kira ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙarya. A wannan yanayin, mutumin yana da cikakken tabbacin cewa ya tuna daidai wannan ko wancan taron - yawanci wannan ya shafi ƙananan bayanai, nuances ko gaskiyar mutum. Alal misali, za ka iya amincewa da "tuna" yadda sabon abokinka ya gabatar da kansa a matsayin Sergei, yayin da a gaskiya sunansa Stas. Ko kuma "tuna da gaske" yadda suke saka laima a cikin jaka (da gaske sun so saka shi, amma sun shagala).
Wani lokaci ƙwaƙwalwar ƙarya bazai zama marar lahani ba: abu ɗaya ne don "tuna" cewa ka manta da ciyar da cat, kuma wani don tabbatar da kanka cewa ka aikata laifi kuma ka gina cikakken "tunani" na abin da ya faru. Kungiyar masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Bedfordshire a Ingila suna nazarin irin waɗannan abubuwan tunawa.
Photography - Unsplash
A daya daga cikin nasa sun nuna cewa tunanin ƙarya na laifin da ake zargi ba wai kawai ya wanzu ba - ana iya ƙirƙira su a cikin gwaji mai sarrafawa. Bayan zaman hira guda uku, kashi 70% na mahalarta binciken sun “sadda” da aikata wani hari ko sata a lokacin da suke samari kuma sun “tuna” dalla-dalla na “laifi” nasu.
Tunanin karya wani sabon yanki ne na sha'awar masana kimiyya; ba wai kawai neuroscientists da masana ilimin halayyar dan adam ba, har ma masu aikata laifuka suna magance shi. Wannan siffa ta ƙwaƙwalwarmu tana iya ba da haske kan yadda da kuma dalilin da ya sa mutane suke ba da shaidar ƙarya kuma suna cin zarafin kansu - ba koyaushe ba ne mugun nufi a bayan wannan.
Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tana da alaƙa da tunani da hulɗar zamantakewa, ana iya ɓacewa, sake ƙirƙira, sata da ƙirƙira - watakila ainihin gaskiyar da ke tattare da ƙwaƙwalwarmu ta zama ba ƙasa ba, kuma wani lokaci ya fi ban sha'awa fiye da tatsuniyoyi da rashin fahimta game da shi.
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source: www.habr.com