E hoʻomaka wau ma ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻaʻole wau he anti-vaxxer, ʻokoʻa loa. Akā, ʻokoʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi aku i kēia manawa a kūʻē i kahi maʻi maʻi kaulana. No laila, he aha kā mākou i kēia lā?
ʻO Gamaleevsky Sputnik V. He lāʻau lapaʻau weliweli a hou loa, aia wale nō ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kona ʻano maʻemaʻe. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika, ka manawa a me ke kālā i hoʻolilo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO ia wale nō ka mea hiki i ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO kāna mau pōmaikaʻi ʻike: ka pane ʻana o ka immune kiʻekiʻe (ma kahi o nā antibodies, loaʻa iā mākou ka palekana cellular) me nā hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi. Akā, aia kekahi nuance, no kekahi kumu, ua kamaʻilio ʻia e pili ana i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa, a ʻaʻole naʻe i ka media, akā i nā lehulehu olakino kūikawā. I kēia manawa e wehewehe wau i kaʻu e kamaʻilio nei.
ʻO kēia kano he adenovirus i hoʻololi ʻia, a i ʻole ʻelua mau adenovirus neutralized (serotypes 5 a me 26), i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino me ka manawa o 3 pule. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka coronavirus spike protein gene i kēlā me kēia genome. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ia nā "mīkini" nona ka hana e hāʻawi i kahi "mīkini" koʻikoʻi i kāna huakaʻi. A laila hele nā mea a pau e like me ke ʻano i manaʻo ʻia: hāʻawi ka adenovirus i ka ʻano coronavirus i loko o nā cell, wehe i laila a hoʻomaka e hana i nā protein ʻelua a me kāna ponoʻī. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana o kēia mau protein e ka cell i maʻi ʻia, a laila e aʻo ai i nā T-lymphocytes. Ma hope o ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka "cell factory", nā protein viral (ʻo ia hoʻi nā protein, ʻaʻole nā virions i mākaukau e hoʻopili i nā cell hou, e like me ka maʻi) e komo i ke koko, a laila e hoʻoulu ai i ka hana o nā antibodies. ʻAʻole hiki ke maʻi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pale ʻana, a ua maikaʻi nā mea a pau. Akā ʻo kahi hopena ʻaoʻao o kēia kano ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi pane kūlohelohe i nā ʻāpana adenoviral o ka vector ponoʻī. Ma muli o ka hoʻolauna pinepine ʻana, ʻaʻole loaʻa ka "kaʻa me kahi kaʻa" i ka manawa e hele ai i ke kelepona, akā e luku koke ʻia e nā antibodies i hoʻokumu ʻia ma muli o ka "hoaloha". ʻIke ʻia ʻo Satellite V hiki ke hoʻohana hoʻokahi wale nō. A ʻaʻole wale kēia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ke kano no kāna kumu i manaʻo ʻia - ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka ikaika o ka pale ʻana i ka coronavirus e kekahi, a ʻike ʻia nā hihia o nā maʻi maʻi, akā kakaikahi. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke ola holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia adenovector gene therapy, me ka mālama ʻana i ka oncology e pono ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana, he mea weliweli. Ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei kēia mau mea a pau, a ma hope o kēlā "hoʻāʻo nui", e holo wikiwiki ana nā mea. Eia hou, pono a pono ʻole kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, akā pono ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi i kēia lā. No laila, eia nā mea a pau e koho no lākou iho i ka mea nui iā lākou. He mea maʻamau ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kūpono no ka poʻe ʻelemakule. Akā inā ʻo wau ka poʻe ʻōpio (loaʻa iā lākou nā manawa āpau o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā e hiki mai ana), e noʻonoʻo ʻelua wau no ia mea.
Ua lohe au e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi mana o Sputnik-Lite, no ka poʻe e pale ana i ko lākou (kiʻi) palekana. ʻO kēia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻāpana hoʻokahi i hana ʻia ma muli o hoʻokahi serotype. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia koho, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia kona hoʻokuʻu ʻana a hiki i Dekemaba 2021.
ʻElua mau lāʻau lapaʻau Lūkini hou aʻe: EpiVacCorona mai ke kikowaena Vector (i hana ʻia mai nā protein viral) a me ke kano virion holoʻokoʻa mai ke kikowaena Chumakov (i hana ʻia mai ka maʻi virus holoʻokoʻa) ke hele nei. Hana ʻia lāua ʻelua i ke ala kahiko. Aia kekahi manaʻo no kēia kumu ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia lākou i ka hāʻule ʻole, a no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻāla i ka T-cell immunity, ʻaʻole i maʻalili i kēia mau lā. I kēia manawa he mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana i kēlā me kēia, no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka nui o lākou. ʻIke ʻia kā lākou PR, a i ʻole he mea huna pūʻali koa.
ʻO ka maʻi āpau-virion Chumakov he mea maʻamau, ke ʻano o ke kanaka i ulu pū me. Maʻaneʻi, hoʻohana ʻia kahi maʻi holoʻokoʻa, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka palekana palekana, no ka mea e hāʻawi ana i kahi pūʻulu o nā antigens. Akā, ua make ka maʻi maʻi, no laila, ʻo ka pane ʻana o ka immune he antibody wale nō, akā ikaika ia, a ikaika nā hopena. He ʻano koʻikoʻi ia, akā i ka wā o kahi maʻi maʻi kūpono ia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka poʻe olakino, makemake ʻole a koa. ʻO nā waiwai a pau o ke koho, makemake wau iā ia ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻomaopopo no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka palekana. Akā i kēia manawa aia wale nō i ka manaʻo. ʻAʻohe inoa i kēia manawa. Akā ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka hana nui no Malaki. E kali a ike.
ʻO ke kolu o ka lāʻau lapaʻau Lūkini ʻo EpiVacCorona mai ke kikowaena Vector. ʻAʻole ia i loko o ka mea olaola o ka maʻi maʻi, akā ʻo kāna mau protein synthesized wale nō, i ʻole e koi i kā mākou mau cell e hana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia. He maʻalahi ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻohe hopena ʻaoʻao, akā ʻaʻohe immunogenicity maikaʻi. ʻAʻole i hana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau peptide e hoʻopuka ana i ka pale ʻana lōʻihi. No laila, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka pane immune, hoʻohana ʻia nā adjuvants i loko o lākou. Eia ka alumini hydroxide. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu inā he maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha kēia, akā ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o nā "mea hana" i loko o ke kano, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Akā me ka lāʻau lapaʻau Vector, ʻaʻole like me Sputnik V, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi helu pau ʻole o nā kānaka. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia i nā poʻe ʻelemakule (65+) a me nā keiki (14-17), a me nā poʻe me nā maʻi maʻi. Ke ho'āʻo nei lākou e puʻunaue i ka pai. No nā keiki, ʻae wau, akā no ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ʻaʻole wau maopopo. Pono lākou i kēia manawa i ka palekana RELIABLE. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolaha ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki. Manaʻo wau inā loaʻa ia ma kahi?
ʻAe, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau nui o nā ʻāina ʻē, ma hea mākou inā ʻaʻole lākou? Hana ʻia ma ke kumu o nā ʻenehana adenovector: Kina CanSino Biological. Hana ʻia mai ka 5th serotype o adenovirus, ka mea i laha loa i ka heluna kanaka. Manaʻo ʻia he 30% o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka pale ʻana iā ia, no laila ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka lāʻau lapaʻau iā lākou. ʻAmelika Johnson&Johnson - e pili ana i ka serotype 26. ʻAʻole maʻamau kēia kānana, akā aia nō ka hiki. No laila, ua lawe ʻo Sputnik i nā paepae ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi, e ʻike pono! ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Pelekania-Suedese ʻo AstraZeneca/oxford. I kēia manawa ka mea kauoha loa ma ka honua. Ma kahi o 3 biliona doses ua kauoha ʻia. Hana ʻia ia ma ke kumu o kahi chimpanzee adenovirus. ʻO kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hāʻawi i kahi hōʻoia 100% ʻaʻole i hālāwai ka ʻōnaehana pale kanaka i kēlā ʻano maʻi ma mua a ʻaʻole e hālāwai hou me ia, akā ʻo ka zoovirus i ka wā o ka mutation hiki ke hoʻopuka i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i ke kino kanaka, nona iho. he mea weliweli.
Ua hana ʻia ʻelua mau holomua honua e pili ana i nā ʻenehana mRNA: Pfizer BioNTech a me Moderna. He kuhikuhi hou loa kēia, i kēia manawa ʻo ia ka piko o ka pharmacology. Ma mua o kēia, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau mRNA. Ua like ka ʻenehana me ka ʻenehana vector, akā ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe ʻāpana viral ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, a ʻo ka "mīkini" he lipid nanoparticle i hana ʻia, e komo maʻalahi i nā membrane o kā mākou mau cell, a ʻo ka "paʻa" ʻo ia ka gene a i ʻole mRNA e hoʻopili ana i ka protein spike coronavirus. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole i luku ʻia nā cell i komo ai ka mRNA, a puka mālie ka protein, e hana ana i ka T-cell maikaʻi a me ka antibody immunity. Ua maikaʻi nā mea a pau, akā aia hou nā nuances. ʻO ka mea mua, he polyethylene glycol, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ka mRNA me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (a hiki i -70), ʻo ia iho he allergen a hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, me ka haʻalulu anaphylactic. A ʻo ka lua, ʻo ia nā wahi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia o kā mākou "holoholona". A inā ʻo ka pahuhopu maoli o ka adenovirus he mau sela kikoʻī, pinepine nā cell o ka ʻōpū hanu kiʻekiʻe, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka coronavirus gene i nā adenovector vaccines, a laila kahi e hāʻawi ʻia ai ka coronavirus mRNA e nā lipid nanoparticles - ʻo ke Akua wale nō ka mea ʻike. A hiki i kēia mau wahi ʻokoʻa loa kahi e pono ai lākou e hana: nā kīʻaha koko, nā hui, nā aʻalolo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. , Ua piha ka Pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa me nā hopena ʻaoʻao mai Pfizer. Akā ʻaʻole hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke kano mai ka hoʻohana ʻana. No laila, pehea ʻoe inā e hele liʻiliʻi ʻoe me ka helehelena ʻino? ʻAʻole kēia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o Covid, pololei? Akā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā antibodies i kēia "mīkini", akā i ka "lima wale nō". Ma keʻano laulā, aia kekahi mea e noʻonoʻo ai.
Hana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻAmelika ʻo Novavax ma muli o nā protein recombinant. ʻO ka maʻi kano ka lua o ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa o nā maʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka honua. No laila he aha kāna mea huna? A ma kekahi ʻenehana kūikawā o ka "hui" recombinant proteins i loko o nā nanoparticles, mahalo i ka immunogenicity o ka protein e hoʻonui, a me ka adjuvant kumu Matrix-M. ʻAe, ʻo ia wale nō i kēia manawa.
ʻO Sinovac kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau i hana ʻia e Kina. He virion holoʻokoʻa, e wehewehe ana i kona kaulana. ʻO nā kūlana mālama maʻamau a me kahi mīkini hoʻomaopopo no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka palekana hiki ke loaʻa iā ia i nā ʻāina he nui. Ma muli o nā hopena o nā ʻāpana mua ʻelua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa, akā i nā hopena interim o ke kolu o ka pae, ua hōʻike ʻia ke kano he 50% wale nō. Manaʻo wau inā hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia kēia?
ʻO kekahi mea e like me kēia. Hoʻokahi mea i maopopo ʻaʻohe kano kano kūpono i ka honua i kēia manawa, akā ma hope a ma hope paha e hoʻoholo ʻia kekahi mau hoʻoholo. I kēlā me kēia hihia, makemake wau i ke olakino a me ka palekana ikaika!
Source: www.habr.com