ʻO nā ʻōnaehana hana ka pōhaku kihi o ka ʻoihana hou. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hoʻopau lākou i nā kumuwaiwai waiwai nui i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi mea ʻoi aku ka pono. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hana ka ʻōnaehana hana ma ke ʻano he orchestrator no nā noi kikowaena a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohuli i kahi ʻōnaehana computing hoʻokahi-tasking i kahi paepae multitasking, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻi i ka launa pū ʻana o nā poʻe hoihoi āpau me nā lako. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mana nui o nā ʻōnaehana lawelawe kikowaena ʻo Windows Server + kekahi mau māhele Linux o nā ʻano like ʻole. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau ʻōnaehana hana kona pono ponoʻī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me nā niches noi. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio pōkole mākou e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana e hele mai me kā mākou mau kikowaena.
Pūnaewele Windows
He mea kaulana loa kēia ʻōnaehana hana ma ka ʻāpana hui, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau e hoʻopili wale i ka Windows me ka mana desktop no nā PC. Ma muli o nā hana a me nā ʻōnaehana i koi ʻia e kākoʻo, ke hoʻohana nei nā ʻoihana i kekahi mau mana o Windows Server, e hoʻomaka ana me Windows Server 2003 a hoʻopau me ka mana hou loa - Windows Server 2019. Hāʻawi mākou i nā kikowaena me nā ʻōnaehana hana āpau i helu ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻO Windows Server 2003, 2008 R2, 2016 a me 2019.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Windows Server 2003 e kākoʻo i nā ʻōnaehana hui a me nā ʻupena i kūkulu ʻia ma Windows XP. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ke hoʻohana mau ʻia nei ka mana Microsoft o ka desktop OS, i hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki i hala aku nei, no ka mea, ua kākau ʻia ka nui o nā lako hana pono no ia i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Pēlā nō ia no Windows Server 2008 R2 a me Windows Server 2016 - ʻo ia ka mea kūpono loa me nā polokalamu kahiko akā hana a no laila ke hoʻohana ʻia nei i kēia lā.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi nui o nā kikowaena e holo ana i ka Windows ʻo ia ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokele, kahi ʻāpana nui o ka ʻike, nā manual a me nā polokalamu. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka ʻole o kahi kikowaena Windows inā loaʻa i ka kaiaola o ka hui nā polokalamu a i ʻole nā ʻoluʻolu e hoʻohana ana i nā hale waihona puke a me nā ʻāpana o ka kernel o nā ʻōnaehana Microsoft. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka ʻenehana RDP no ke komo ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana i nā noi kikowaena a me ka versatility holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā Windows Server kahi mana māmā me ka ʻole o ka GUI me ka hoʻohana waiwai ma ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi hoʻolaha Linux - Windows Server Core, e pili ana . Hoʻouna mākou i nā kikowaena Windows āpau me kahi laikini i hoʻāla ʻia (noa no nā mea hoʻohana hou).
Loaʻa nā hemahema o Winserver i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ka uku laikini a me ka hoʻohana waiwai. Ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana lawelawe kikowaena, ʻo Windows Server ka mea pōloli loa i ka mana a koi ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi kaʻina hana a mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a ʻekolu gigabytes o RAM wale nō no ka lawelawe kumu a me nā lawelawe maʻamau e hana. ʻAʻole kūpono kēia ʻōnaehana no nā hoʻonohonoho haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a loaʻa pū kekahi mau nāwaliwali e pili ana i ka RDP a me nā kulekele hui a me nā mea hoʻohana.
ʻO ka pinepine, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Windows Server no ka lawelawe ʻana i nā intranets ʻoihana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana o nā polokalamu kikoʻī, nā waihona MSSQL, nā mea hana ASP.NET a i ʻole nā polokalamu ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia no Windows. I ka manawa like, ʻo kēia ka OS piha piha kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kau i ka routing, hoʻokiʻekiʻe DNS a i ʻole nā lawelawe ʻē aʻe.
Ubuntu
ʻO Ubuntu kekahi o nā māhele kaulana a ulu mau o ka ʻohana Linux, i hoʻokuʻu mua ʻia ma 2004. I ka manawa he "homewives' go-to" i ka Gnome shell, ua lilo ʻo Ubuntu i OS server paʻamau ma muli o kona kaiāulu ākea a me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana. ʻO 18.04 ka mana kaulana hou, akā hāʻawi pū mākou i nā kikowaena no 16.04, a ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule i hala. , i lawe mai i na mea maikai he nui.
Inā hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Windows Server ma ke ʻano he OS e kākoʻo i nā polokalamu kikoʻī a me ka Windows-oriented software, a laila ʻo Ubuntu ma ke ʻano he Linux ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka open source a me ka hoʻomohala pūnaewele. No laila, ʻo ia nā kikowaena Linux i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokipa i nā kikowaena pūnaewele ma Nginx a i ʻole Apache (e kūʻē iā Microsoft IIS), e hana pū me PostgreSQL a me MySQL a i ʻole nā ʻōlelo hoʻomohala palapala kaulana i kēia manawa. ʻO nā lawelawe alahele a me nā lawelawe hoʻokele kaʻa e kūpono maikaʻi ma kahi kikowaena Ubuntu.
Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi i ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka Windows Server, a me ka hana maoli me ka console a me nā mana hoʻokele no nā ʻōnaehana Unix āpau. Eia kekahi, ʻo Ubuntu, ʻo ia ka "desktop home Unix", he mea hoʻohana maʻalahi ia, e maʻalahi ai ka lawelawe ʻana.
ʻO ka hemahema nui ʻo Unix, me nā mea a pau e pili ana. He hoaaloha paha ʻo Ubuntu, akā pili wale i nā ʻōnaehana Linux ʻē aʻe. No laila e hana pū me ia, ʻoi aku hoʻi i kahi hoʻonohonoho kikowaena piha - ʻo ia hoʻi, ma o ka terminal wale nō - pono ʻoe i kekahi mau mākau. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka Ubuntu i ka hoʻohana pilikino a ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hihia hui.
Debian
He mea hoʻohenehene ʻo Debian ka progenitor o ka Ubuntu kaulana loa a mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua. Ua paʻi ʻia ka hana mua o Debian ma mua o 25 mau makahiki i hala aku nei - i ka makahiki 1994, a ʻo ia ka code Debian i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o Ubuntu. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Debian kekahi o nā mea kahiko a ma ka manawa like i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hardcore ma waena o ka ʻohana o nā ʻōnaehana Linux. ʻOiai nā mea like a pau o Ubuntu, ʻaʻole e like me kāna "hoʻokō", ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Debian ka pae like o ka launa mea hoʻohana e like me ka ʻōnaehana ʻōpio. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i kēia nā mea maikaʻi. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o Debian ma mua o Ubuntu a hiki ke hoʻonohonoho hohonu a hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i kekahi mau hana kikoʻī, me nā ʻoihana hui.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o Debian ʻo ia ka palekana a me ka paʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Ubuntu a, ʻoi aku hoʻi, ʻo Windows. A ʻoiaʻiʻo, e like me nā ʻōnaehana Linux, ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ma ke ʻano o kahi server OS e holo ana i kahi pahu. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kaiāulu Debian he kumu wehe, no laila ke nānā nui nei kēia ʻōnaehana i ka hana pololei a me ka maikaʻi me nā hoʻonā manuahi.
Eia naʻe, hiki mai ka maʻalahi, hardcore a me ka palekana i ke kumukūʻai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Debian e ke kaiāulu open source me ka ʻole o kahi kumu maʻamau ma o ka ʻōnaehana o nā haku lālā, me nā mea āpau. I ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻekolu mau mana ʻo Debian: paʻa, paʻa ʻole a hoʻāʻo. ʻO ka pilikia, aia ka lālā hoʻomohala kūpaʻa ma hope o ka lālā hoʻāʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia pinepine nā ʻāpana a me nā modules i ka kernel. ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka hana hou ʻana o ka kernel a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lālā hoʻāʻo inā ʻoi aku kāu mau hana ma mua o ka hiki o ka mana paʻa o Debian. Ma Ubuntu, ʻaʻohe pilikia me ka wehe ʻana o ka mana: ma laila, hoʻokuʻu nā mea hoʻomohala i kahi mana LTS paʻa o ka ʻōnaehana i kēlā me kēia ʻelua makahiki.
CentOS
ʻAe, e hoʻopau i kā mākou kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana lawelawe kikowaena RUVDS ma CentOS. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka Ubuntu nui loa a, ʻoi aku hoʻi, ʻo Debian, ʻo CentOS ke ʻano he ʻōpio. A ʻoiai ua lilo ka ʻōnaehana i mea kaulana i waena o ka lehulehu i ka wā ma mua, e like me Debian a i ʻole ʻo Ubuntu, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kāna mana mua i ka manawa like me Ubuntu, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka makahiki 2004.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo CentOS no nā kikowaena virtual, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka waiwai ma mua o Ubuntu a i ʻole Debian. Hoʻouna mākou i nā hoʻonohonoho e holo ana i ʻelua mana o kēia OS: CentOS 7.6.1810 a me CentOS 7.2.1510 kahiko. ʻO ka hihia hoʻohana nui nā hana ʻoihana. He moʻolelo ʻo CentOS e pili ana i ka hana. ʻAʻole loa he ʻōnaehana hoʻohana home, e like me ke ʻano, no ka laʻana, me Ubuntu, ua hoʻomohala koke ʻia ʻo CentOS ma ke ʻano he RedHat-like like e pili ana i ka code open source. ʻO ia ka hoʻoilina mai RedHat e hāʻawi iā CentOS i kāna mau pono nui - e nānā i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia ʻoihana, kūpaʻa a me ka palekana. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ʻo ia ka hoʻolaha pūnaewele, kahi e hōʻike ai ʻo CentOS i nā hopena maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o nā māhele Linux ʻē aʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā hemahema o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻonui hou ʻana ma mua o ka Ubuntu ʻo ia ka mea i kekahi manawa pono ʻoe e hoʻokau i nā nāwaliwali a i ʻole nā pilikia i hoʻoholo ʻia i nā māhele ʻē aʻe. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻōnaehana no ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻāpana: ʻaʻohe apt-get, yum a me nā pūʻolo RPM wale nō. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kūpono ʻo CentOS no ka hoʻokipa ʻana a me ka hana ʻana me Docker / k8s container solutions, kahi i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Ubuntu a me Debian. He mea koʻikoʻi ka mea hope e like me ka virtualization o nā kikowaena pūnaewele a me nā noi ma o ka containerization e loaʻa ana ka manawa i ka honua DevOps i nā makahiki i hala. A ʻoiaʻiʻo, he kaiāulu liʻiliʻi ʻo CentOS i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka Debian a me Ubuntu kaulana loa.
Ma kahi o ka hoʻopuka
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia OS kona mau pono a me nā mea ʻino a loaʻa iā ia kāna niche ponoʻī. Kū kaʻawale nā kikowaena e holo ana i Windows - ʻo ke kaiapuni Microsoft, no laila e ʻōlelo ai, aia kona lewa a me nā lula o ka hana.
Ua like nā māhele Linux āpau i kekahi i kekahi ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana waiwai, akā loaʻa i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī a me nā ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka hana ma ka lima. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Ubuntu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana iā Debian. Hiki iā CentOS ke hana ma ke ʻano he pani no ka RedHat i uku ʻia, he mea nui inā makemake ʻoe i kahi OS hui piha piha i ka mana unix. Akā i ka manawa like, nāwaliwali ia i nā mea o ka containerization a me ka virtualization noi. Ma kēlā me kēia hihia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻaʻike i kā mākou poʻe loea a e koho mākou i ka hopena kūpono a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana no ʻoe e pili ana i kāu mau hana.
Hiki i nā mea hoʻohana i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ke komo i ka noiʻi. , e 'oluʻolu.
E ka poʻe heluhelu aloha, ʻo wai ka OS kikowaena āu e manaʻo ai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi?
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22,9%Windows server119
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32,9%ʻO Debian171
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40,4%ʻO Ubuntu210
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34,8%CentOS181
520 mea hoʻohana i koho. Ua hōʻole nā mea hoʻohana 102.
Source: www.habr.com