ʻO Alexander Chistyakov kēia, he ʻeuanelio wau. a e haʻi wau iā ʻoe e pili ana i nā hanana ʻenehana maikaʻi loa 9 o 2019.
I kaʻu loiloi, hilinaʻi nui au i koʻu ʻono ponoʻī ma mua o ka manaʻo loea. ʻO ia ke kumu, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia nā kaʻa kaʻa ponoʻī i loko o kēia papa inoa, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mea hou a kahaha paha e pili ana i kēia ʻenehana.
ʻAʻole au i hoʻokaʻawale i nā hanana i loko o ka papa inoa ma ke ʻano nui a i ʻole ka wow-effect, no ka mea, e maopopo ana ko lākou koʻikoʻi i loko o ʻumi makahiki, a pōkole loa ka hopena wow, ua hoʻāʻo wale wau e hoʻohālikelike i kēia moʻolelo.
1. Nā polokalamu kikowaena lawe ma ka ʻōlelo hoʻolālā Rust no WebAssembly
E hoʻomaka wau i ka loiloi me nā hōʻike ʻelua:
1. Hoike , āna i heluhelu ai i ka makahiki 2018.
I ka manawa o ka heluhelu ʻana i ka hōʻike, hana ʻo Brian Cantrill ma Joyent ma ke ʻano he CTO a ʻaʻohe manaʻo pehea e pau ai ʻo 2019 iā ia a me Joyent.
2. , he lālā o ka hui Rust core a me ka mea kākau o "The Rust Programming Language," e hana ana ma Cloudflare, kahi e kamaʻilio aiʻo ia e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka'ōlelo Rust a me kaʻenehana WebAssembly, e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele e like me nā papahana no ka holoʻana i nā noi.
Ma 2019, WebAssembly me kāna , e hāʻawi ana i ke komo ʻana i nā mea ʻōnaehana hana e like me nā faila a me nā kumu, ua neʻe ma mua o nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele a ke huli nei i ka mākeke polokalamu kikowaena.
ʻIke ʻia ke ʻano o ka holomua: he manawa holo ʻē aʻe ke kanaka e hiki ai ke holo i nā polokalamu kelepona no ka Pūnaewele (e hoʻomanaʻo paha kekahi i ke kumu WORA, i haku ʻia e nā mea hana o ka ʻōlelo Java?).
Loaʻa iā mākou kahi ala palekana no ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia mau noi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōlelo Rust, nona ka raison d'être e hoʻopau i nā papa āpau o nā hewa i ka manawa hōʻuluʻulu.
ʻO WebAssembly kahi mea hoʻololi pāʻani i kākau ai ʻo Solomon Hykes, kekahi o nā mea hana o Docker, inā i noho ʻo WebAssembly a me WASI ma 2008, ʻaʻole i hānau ʻia ʻo Docker.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ua loaʻa ʻo Rust iā ia iho i waena o nā mea hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana lawe lima hou - ke ulu ikaika nei kona kaiaolaola a ua noho ʻo Rust i ka ʻōlelo papahana punahele no nā makahiki he nui e like me nā hopena. .
He kiʻi paheʻe kēia mai ka haʻiʻōlelo a Steve e hōʻike maopopo ana i ka lakio o ka helu o nā pepeke palekana hiki ke pale loa ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Rust i ka huina o nā pepeke ma MS. Windows, i loaʻa i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi a me ka hapa i hala.
Pono ʻo Microsoft e pane i kēia pilikia, a ua hana.
2. Papahana Verona mai Microsoft, ka mea e mālama ai Windows a e wehe i kahi ʻaoʻao hou o ka mōʻaukala no kekahi OS
Ka helu o nā hewa ma ka kernel Microsoft Windows a ua piʻi nui ka hapa nui o nā polokalamu mea hoʻohana ma kahi kokoke i ka linear i nā makahiki 12 i hala.
Ma 2019, ʻo Matthew Parkinson o Microsoft , hiki ke hoopau i keia.
He hana kēia na Microsoft e hana i kahi ʻōlelo papahana palekana e pili ana i nā manaʻo o ka ʻōlelo Rust: ua ʻike nā hoa hana mai Microsoft Research ua pili ka hapa nui o nā pilikia palekana me ka hoʻoilina kaumaha o ka ʻōlelo C, kahi i ka hapa nui o nā WindowsʻO ka ʻōlelo e like me Rust e hoʻokele ʻo Verona i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ke komo like ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai me ka hoʻohana ʻana Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike kikoʻī i ka hana ʻana, e nānā .
He mea hoihoi ia ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Microsoft ma ke ʻano he aupuni ʻino a he kūʻē i nā mea hou a pau, ʻoiai ʻo ia , ka mea hoʻomohala nui o ka Glasgow Haskell Compiler, hana ma Microsoft.
ʻO ka nīnau a Brian Cantrill mai ka helu mua, "ʻAʻole anei ka manawa e kākau hou ai i ka kernel ʻōnaehana hana ma Rust?" Ua loaʻa i kahi pane i manaʻo ʻole ʻia: ua maopopo ʻaʻole hiki ke kākau hou i ka kernel ʻōnaehana hana, akā ua kākau hou ʻia nā polokalamu e holo ana i ka userspace. Ua hoʻomaka kahi kaʻina hana hiki ʻole, a e wehe kēia i kahi mokuna hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana no nā ʻōnaehana hana āpau.
3. Ua kaulana ka ʻōlelo polokalamu Dart ma muli o ka Flutter framework
Manaʻo wau he mea kahaha nui kēia nūhou ʻaʻole no mākou a me ka lehulehu wale nō, akā no ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i pili pono i kāna hoʻomohala ʻana. ʻO ka ʻōlelo hoʻolālā Dart, i hoʻolauna ʻia ma Google i ʻewalu mau makahiki i hala, ua ʻike i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka kaulana i kēia makahiki.
Hoʻohana wau i kaʻu ala no ka loiloi ʻana i ka kaulana o nā ʻōlelo papahana ma ka nānā ʻana i nā waihona Github i hoʻokahi mahina. ʻOiai he 100 wale nō nā hale waihona Dart kaulana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki, i kēia lā aia he 313.
Ua ʻoi aku ka kaulana o Dart iā Erlang, PowerShell, R, Perl, Elixir, Haskell, Lua, a me CoffeeScript. Me he mea lā ʻaʻohe ʻōlelo papahana ʻē aʻe i ulu wikiwiki i kēia makahiki. No ke aha mai?
ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻike hōʻailona o kēia makahiki ua heluhelu ʻia e Richard Feldman a kāhea ʻia ʻO kahi hapa nui o ka hōʻike i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka nānā ʻana pehea e kaulana ai nā ʻōlelo papahana. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu nui, e like me Richard, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi noi kaulana a i ʻole framework - ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea pepehi kanaka.
ʻO ke kumu o ka kaulana ʻana o ka ʻōlelo Dart, ʻo ia ke kumu hoʻomohala polokalamu kelepona. , ua piʻi ka kaulana, e like me Google Trends, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia makahiki.
ʻAʻole mākou ʻike i kekahi mea e pili ana iā Dart, no ka mea, ʻaʻole mākou e hana i ka hoʻomohala kelepona, akā e hoʻokipa maikaʻi mākou i kahi ʻōlelo hoʻonohonoho statically typed.
4. Ka manawa kūpono o ke ola koʻikoʻi Linux a me kona kaiāulu mahalo i ka mīkini virtual eBPF
Makemake mākou i nā hālāwai kūkā ma VDSina: i kēia makahiki ua hele au i ka hālāwai DevOops ma St. I ka makahiki 2019, ua lanakila nā manaʻo i kēia mau kūkākūkā:
- Ua make ʻo Docker no ka mea ʻoluʻolu loa.
- Ke ola a maikaʻi nei ʻo Kubernetes no kekahi makahiki ʻē aʻe a i ʻole—e kamaʻilio mau ʻia ana ma nā ʻaha kūkā ma 2020.
- i kēia manawa, i loko o ke kikowaena Linux ʻaʻohe kanaka ola i nānā i loko no ka manawa lōʻihi
ʻAʻole wau e kaʻana like i ka manaʻo hope loa, mai koʻu manaʻo, i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka kernel Linux Ke hana nei nā mea i kēia manawa ʻaʻole wale he mea hoihoi, he mea hoʻokahuli aupuni. ʻO ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ia ka mīkini virtual eBPF, i hana mua ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka hana luhi o ke kānana ʻana i nā ʻeke pūnaewele a ua ulu aʻe i loko o kahi mīkini virtual pae kernel maʻamau.
Ka hoʻomohala ʻana no ka kernel Linux: ua
Ka hoʻomohala ʻana no ka kernel Linux: ua lilo ia
Me ka eBPF, hōʻike ka kernel i nā hanana i hiki ke lawelawe hapa ʻia ma waho o ka kernel—hiki i ka interface ke launa pū me ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi me ka kernel mai ka wahi mea hoʻohana a hoʻonui a hoʻokō i ka hana kernel. Linux, e kāpae ana i ka maka ʻike āpau o Linus Torvalds.
Ma mua o ka eBPF, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā polokalamu nona nā hana e pili pono ana i ka launa pū ʻana me ka kernel Linux he moʻolelo paʻakikī—ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā mea e like me nā mea hoʻokele no nā polokalamu lohi a me nā interface no nā ʻōnaehana faila ma ka wahi mea hoʻohana e pono ai kahi kaʻina loiloi kūhelu e nā mea hoʻomohala kernel akamai. Linux.
ʻO ka hiki ʻana mai o ka interface eBPF ua maʻalahi loa ke kaʻina o ke kākau ʻana i ia mau papahana-ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka pale komo, e hoʻonui ʻia nā mea hoʻomohala, a e ola hou ke kaiāulu.
ʻAʻole wau wale nō i koʻu hoihoi: haʻi ʻia i ke koʻikoʻi o ka eBPF no ke ola ʻana (!) o ke kaiaola hoʻomohala kernel. ʻO kekahi, mea hoʻomohala like kaulana (He aloha nui au iā ia) , ka mea i like ole no 50 makahiki.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole maʻamau ʻo Linus Torvalds e hoʻomaikaʻi ākea i nā mea e like me kēia, a hiki iaʻu ke hoʻomaopopo iā ia—ʻo wai ka mea makemake e hoʻolilo i ka lehulehu iā lākou iho? 🙂
5. Linux ua aneane kuʻi i ke kui hope loa i loko o ka pahu kupapaʻu o FreeBSD me ka interface asynchronous io_uring i loko o ka kernel Linux
ʻOiai mākou e kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i ke kumu Linux, he mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i kahi hoʻomaikaʻi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia i kēia makahiki: ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o kahi kumu hou na Jens Exboe mai Facebook.
No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻāpono nā luna hoʻomalu ʻōnaehana FreeBSD a me nā mea hoʻomohala i kā lākou koho ma o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka FreeBSD asynchronous I/O ma mua o LinuxEia kekahi laʻana, kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻO Gleb Smirnov mai Nginx.
I kēia manawa ua huli ka pāʻani. a he mea kupanaha ka hopena o ka ho'āʻo hana—ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana I/O mai 14% a i 102% ma muli o ka nui o ka poloka. Aia kahi prototype e hoʻohana i ka asynchronous I/O ma PostgreSQL (ma ka liʻiliʻi ), e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o PostgreSQL i asynchronous I/O. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano conservative o ke kaiāulu hoʻomohala, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike i kēia mau loli i 2020.
6. ʻO ka hoʻi lanakila o AMD me ka laina kaʻina hana Ryzen
ʻAʻohe mea ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia wale nō ʻo AMD, kahi hui i hana lōʻihi i ke kuleana lua i ka ʻoihana, ke haki nei i ka moʻolelo ma hope o ka moʻolelo.
ʻO ka laina hou o nā kaʻina hana Ryzen i hōʻike i kahi kumukūʻai kūʻai nui / hoʻokō: lākou , a ma kekahi mau wahi I ka hakakā hoʻokūkū, koi ʻia ʻo Intel : hana i nā polokalamu i hana ʻia me kā lākou mea hoʻopili ponoʻī e holo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā kaʻina hana hoʻokūkū. ʻOiai ʻo nā hana hoʻopunipuni a Intel, .
7. Ma hope o AMD, manaʻo ʻo Apple e ʻai i ka ʻai o Intel me nā iPadOS a me nā hana hoʻopunipuni kahiko a Gates.
I nā kaua ma waena o nā pilikua, ʻo ka poʻe a pau e hiki ke mālama i kahi mea kaua e hoʻāʻo pinepine e komo, a ʻaʻole ʻo AMD wale nō ka mea e koi ana i ka maunu a Intel. Ua like ʻo Apple me ka bipi kahiko i ka hoʻohenehene.
e iho mālie mākou i ke kuahiwiHe bipi kahiko a me ka bipi opiopio e ku ana ma ka piko o ka mauna, a e ai ana kekahi poe bipi malalo.
Hāʻawi ka bipi ʻōpio i ka mea kahiko:
- E hoʻolohe, e iho koke kāua i ka pipi.
a wikiwiki, e piʻi hou mākou i luna!
- ʻAʻole-o!
- A laila, e wikiwiki kāua-e iho koke i lalo, e wili i ʻelua bipi i kēlā me kēia a wikiwiki-
E piʻi koke kāua i luna!
- ʻAʻole-o!
- ʻAe, he aha kāu e manaʻo ai?
- E iho mālie mākou mai ka mauna mai, e kauo mākou i ka ʻohana a pau
E hoʻi mālie kākou i ko kākou wahi!
Me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka iPadOS hou, ua hoʻohana ʻo Apple i kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo "disruptive innovation" e kūʻē iā Intel.
wehewehe Wikipedia
ʻO nā hana hou e hoʻololi i ke koena o ka waiwai ma ka mākeke. I kēia hihia, lilo nā huahana i kēia manawa i mea hoʻokūkū ma muli wale nō o nā ʻāpana i alakaʻi mua i ka hoʻokūkū e nalowale ko lākou ʻano.
ʻO nā laʻana o nā "mea hou hoʻopilikia" ʻo ia ke kelepona (hoʻololi i ka telegraph), nā mokuahi (nā moku holo moku i pani ʻia), semiconductors (nā paipu hoʻoheheʻe i pani ʻia), nā pahu kiʻi kiʻi (nā pahu kiʻiʻoniʻoni i pani ʻia), a me ka leka uila (ka leka uila kahiko).
Hoʻohana ʻo Apple i kāna mau kaʻina hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ARM, a ua hōʻoia kēia i ka mea nui i nā mea hoʻohana ma mua o ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka Intel x86.
Loaʻa maikaʻi ʻo Apple i ka māhele mākeke ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka iPad mai kahi pahu hoʻokipa i kahi mea hana piha piha-ʻo ka mua no nā mea hana ʻike a i kēia manawa no nā mea hoʻomohala. ʻOiai ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike i kahi MacBook e pili ana i ka ARM i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻo nā pilikia liʻiliʻi me ka hoʻolālā keyboard MacBook Pro ke alakaʻi nei i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hopena ʻē aʻe, a ua hoʻohiki ʻo iPad Pro me iPadOS e lilo i hoʻokahi o lākou.
He aha ka pili o Gates a me Microsoft me kēia?
Ua huki like ʻo Gates i ka hoʻopunipuni like me IBM.
I nā makahiki 1970, ua noho aliʻi ʻo IBM ma ka mākeke kikowaena, me ka wiwo ʻole e hoʻowahāwahā i nā kamepiula pilikino no ke kanaka maʻamau. I nā makahiki 1980, ua hoʻohana ʻo Gates i nā kālā a IBM e hana a laikini iā MS-DOS, e mālama ana i nā kuleana ʻōnaehana hana nona iho. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kālā, ua hana ʻo Microsoft i kahi interface kiʻi no MS-DOS, a ua hānau ʻia ke ao o nā kamepiula. Windows — i ka wā mua he uhi kiʻi wale nō ma DOS, a laila ʻo ka ʻōnaehana hana PC mua i kūpono no ka lehulehu. Ua nalowale ʻo IBM, kahi hui nui a paʻakikī hoʻi, i ka mākeke kamepiula pilikino i ka Microsoft ʻōpio a wikiwiki hoʻi. Ua hōʻuluʻulu pōkole wau i kēia moʻolelo kupaianaha, no laila inā makemake ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokūkū ʻana o Apple me Intel i ka makahiki 2020 me iPadOS, paipai nui wau iā ia. .
8. Ke hoʻoikaika nei i ke kūlana o ZFSonLinux — ʻaʻole hōʻino ka lio kahiko i ka ʻauwaha
Canonical me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana faila ZFS ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana faila kumu pololei mai ka mea hoʻonoho. I kekahi manawa manaʻo wau ʻo nā ʻenekinia i hana ma Sun Microsystems e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano olaola ʻokoʻa o Homo sapiens (ʻo Brian Cantrill lāua ʻo Brendan Gregg i ʻōlelo ʻia ma Sun). E hoʻoholo iā ʻoe iho, ʻoiai nā makahiki o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ke kanaka e hana i kahi mea e like iki me ka ʻōnaehana faila ZFS, ʻoiai nā kapu laikini hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia e pale ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ke code kumu ZFS i ka lālā hoʻomohala kernel nui. Linux, ke hoʻohana mau nei mākou iā ZFS a ʻaʻole e loli koke kēia.
9. Oxide Computer Company - e mālama pono mākou i kēia hui, i maopopo hiki ke hana i nā mea he nui - ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, e hana ana i kahi hōʻike ʻoluʻolu.
E hoʻopau wau i kaʻu papa inoa me kahi ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe o Brian Cantrill, ka mea aʻu i hoʻomaka ai.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Brian Cantrill a me nā mea ʻenekinia ʻē aʻe (ʻo kekahi o lākou nā limahana mua o Sun) i kahi hui i kapa ʻia , nona ka pahuhopu nui e hana i kahi kikowaena kikowaena kūpono no ka hoʻohana nui. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole hoʻohana nā hui nui e like me Google, Facebook, a me Amazon i nā lako kikowaena maʻamau i kā lākou hana. Manaʻo ka hui ʻo Brian e hoʻoponopono i kēia āpau ma o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻenehana a me nā polokalamu lako polokalamu kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana e kekahi lawelawe kapuaʻi (me ka ʻōlelo papahana Rust).
ʻO ko lākou manaʻo ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki o kahi kipi hou, a ʻo wau, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, e nānā me ka hauʻoli i ka neʻe ʻana o ko lākou mau manaʻo a me ko lākou ulu ʻana i ka makahiki 2020 e hiki mai ana.
ʻO nā mea a mākou i hoʻokō ai ma 2019 ma VDSina
ʻAʻole mākou i hana i nā hanana ʻenehana me VDSina ma 2019, akā loaʻa iā mākou kahi mea e haʻaheo ai.
I Pepeluali, ua hoʻohui mākou i ka hiki ke hoʻohana i kahi pūnaewele kūloko ma waena o nā kikowaena a hoʻomaka i kahi lawelawe inoa inoa. Ua hana mākou i ke kumu kūʻai i hoʻokahi o nā mea haʻahaʻa loa ma ka mākeke-179 rubles no .ru/.rf, me ka hana hou.
I Malaki, ua kamaʻilio mākou ma IT Global Meetup #14.
I ʻApelila, hoʻonui mākou i ka bandwidth no kēlā me kēia kikowaena mai 100 a 200 megabits, a hoʻonui nui i ka palena o nā kaʻa no nā hoʻolālā āpau (koe wale ka mea liʻiliʻi loa) i 32 TB i kēlā me kēia mahina.
I Iulai, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku i ke koho e hoʻokomo ponoʻī Windows Server 2019. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka palekana DDoS manuahi ma loko o ka wahi ʻo Moscow.
I Iulai hoʻi, ua ʻike ʻia kā mākou hui ma Habr, e hoʻomaka ana a pehea ia i kōkua ai iā mākou e hana i kahi lele kūpono i ke kākoʻo o nā mea kūʻai aku.
I ʻAukake, ua hoʻohui mākou i ka hiki ke hana i nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi - kope kope o nā kikowaena.
Ua hoʻopuka mākou i kahi API lehulehu.
Hoʻonui i ka laula o ke kahawai no kēlā me kēia kikowaena mai 200 a 500 megabits.
Ua komo mākou i ka hui Chaos Constructions 2019, e hāʻawi ana i nā whips me ka logo ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he mea kūʻai (ʻo ka slogan hoʻolaha ʻo "I ka manawa o ka mea hoʻomohala ma luna") a puhi i nā kamaʻilio Telegram.
I Kepakemapa, ua hoʻolaha mākou i ka moʻolelo Instagram ʻoluʻolu a aloha loa no kahi hui IT—ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kaʻana like i ka nūhou a me ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā o VDSina. .
I Nowemapa, ua hele mākou i Highload++, ua komo mākou i kahi kūkākūkā pākaukau puni "Databases in Kubernetes," a kāhiko i nā mea komo i nā pāpale manō.
I Kekemapa, ua hōʻike lākou i kahi kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā waihona ma Kubernetes ma kahi hui DevOps ma ke keʻena o GazpromNeft a ma ka hālāwai DevOpsDays ma Moscow. , ʻo ia kaʻu hana maikaʻi loa o ka makahiki.
hopena
E like me ka ʻōlelo a Nassim Taleb, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka wānana ʻana i nā mea a mākou e ʻike ʻole ai. Makemake wau e kuhikuhi aku ʻo nā mea hou a pau a mākou e ʻike ai i ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻomaka ʻia i ka makahiki 2019, 2018, a ma mua. ʻAʻole au e hoʻāʻo e wānana pololei i ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā ʻaʻole ʻo 2020 ka makahiki. Linux ma ka pākaukau (i ka manawa hea ʻoe i ʻike hope ai i kahi pākaukau?) a me ka makahiki Linux Ua ʻike mākou i kēia ma nā polokalamu kelepona no kahi o ʻumi makahiki i kēia manawa.
I kekahi hihia, ke manaʻolana nei au i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki e hui hou mākou a kūkākūkā i ka hopena o nā mea āpau.
Hauʻoli lā hoʻomaha e hiki mai ana i nā kānaka a pau!
E hahai i kā mākou mea hoʻomohala ma Instagram
Source: www.habr.com
