"ʻumikūmālima" a i ʻole "ʻumikūmālima" he laʻana maikaʻi loa ia o kahi pāʻani loiloi maʻalahi i kaulana a puni ka honua. I mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka puzzle, pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻāpana me nā helu i ka hoʻonohonoho, mai ka liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka nui. ʻAʻole maʻalahi, akā hoihoi.
Ma ke kumu aʻo i kēia lā e hōʻike mākou iā ʻoe pehea e hoʻomohala ai i ʻumikumamālima ma Java 8 me Eclipse. No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka UI e hoʻohana mākou i ka Swing API.
Hoʻomaopopo mākou iā ʻoe: no ka poʻe heluhelu a pau o "Habr" - kahi ho'ēmi o 10 rubles i ka wā e kākau inoa ai i kekahi papa Skillbox e hoʻohana ana i ka code promotional "Habr".
Manaʻo ʻo Skillbox: Papa hoʻonaʻauao pūnaewele .
Hoʻolālā pāʻani
I kēia pae, pono ʻoe e wehewehe i nā waiwai:
- Nui - ka nui o ke kahua pāʻani;
- nbTiles - ka helu o nā hōʻailona ma ke kahua. nbTiles = nui * nui - 1;
- ʻO nā tile he hōʻailona ia he pūʻulu mana hoʻokahi o nā helu helu. E loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o nā hōʻailona kahi waiwai kūʻokoʻa ma ka laulā [0, nbTiles]. Hōʻike ʻo Zero i kahi huinahā kaʻawale;
- blankPos - ke kūlana o ka huinahā ʻole.
Loko pāʻani
Pono mākou e wehewehe i kahi ʻano hoʻoponopono i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaka i kahi kūlana pāʻani hou. Ma kēia ala mākou e hoʻonoho ai i kahi waiwai no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka papa inoa. ʻAe, a laila kau mākou i nā blankPos ma ke kūlana hope o ka array.
Pono mākou i kahi ʻano shuffle e shuffle i ka pūʻulu o nā hōʻailona. ʻAʻole mākou e hoʻokomo i ka hōʻailona hakahaka i ke kaʻina shuffling i mea e waiho ai ma ke kūlana like.
No ka mea ʻo ka hapalua wale nō o nā kūlana hoʻomaka o ka puzzle ka hopena, pono ʻoe e nānā i ka hopena shuffle hopena e hōʻoia i ka hiki ke hoʻonā ʻia ka hoʻolālā o kēia manawa. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, wehewehe mākou i ke ʻano isSolvable.
Inā hoʻokomo mua ʻia kekahi hōʻailona me ka waiwai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia he hoʻohuli. Ke waiho ʻia ka wahi kaʻawale, pono ka nui o nā hoʻololi ʻana i hiki ke hoʻonā ʻia ka puzzle. No laila, helu mākou i ka helu o ka hoʻohuli ʻana a hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo inā like ka helu.
A laila, he mea nui e wehewehe i ke ala isSolved e nānā inā ua hoʻoholo ʻia kā mākou Game Of Fifteen layout. E nana mua kakou i kahi o ka hakahaka. Inā ma ke kūlana mua, he mea hou ka alignment o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo mua ʻia. A laila, hoʻololi mākou i nā tile ma ka ʻaoʻao hope, a inā ʻokoʻa ke kumukūʻai o ka hōʻailona mai ka index pili +1, e hoʻihoʻi mākou i ka wahaheʻe. A i ʻole, i ka pau ʻana o ke ala ʻo ia ka manawa e hoʻihoʻi ʻoiaʻiʻo no ka mea ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka puzzle.
ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe e pono e wehewehe ʻia ʻo newGame. Pono e hana i kahi mea hou o ka pāʻani. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻihoʻi mākou i ke kahua pāʻani, a laila hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻomau a hiki i ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ke kūlana pāʻani.
Eia kahi code laʻana me ka loiloi kī o ka tag:
private void newGame() {
do {
reset(); // reset in initial state
shuffle(); // shuffle
} while(!isSolvable()); // make it until grid be solvable
gameOver = false;
}
private void reset() {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.length;
}
// we set blank cell at the last
blankPos = tiles.length - 1;
}
private void shuffle() {
// don't include the blank tile in the shuffle, leave in the solved position
int n = nbTiles;
while (n > 1) {
int r = RANDOM.nextInt(n--);
int tmp = tiles[r];
tiles[r] = tiles[n];
tiles[n] = tmp;
}
}
// Only half permutations of the puzzle are solvable/
// Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
// as an inversion. In our case, with the blank tile in the solved position,
// the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle to be solvable
private boolean isSolvable() {
int countInversions = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nbTiles; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (tiles[j] > tiles[i])
countInversions++;
}
}
return countInversions % 2 == 0;
}
private boolean isSolved() {
if (tiles[tiles.length - 1] != 0) // if blank tile is not in the solved position ==> not solved
return false;
for (int i = nbTiles - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (tiles[i] != i + 1)
return false;
}
return true;
}ʻO ka hope, pono ʻoe e hoʻolālā i ka neʻe ʻana o nā hōʻailona ma ka array. E kāhea ʻia kēia code ma hope aku ma o ka callback e pane i ka neʻe ʻana o ka cursor. E kākoʻo kā mākou pāʻani i nā neʻe tile he nui i ka manawa like. No laila, ma hope o ko mākou hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūlana i kaomi ʻia ma ka pale i kahi hōʻailona, loaʻa iā mākou ke kūlana o ka tag hakahaka a ʻimi i kahi kuhikuhi o ka neʻe ʻana e kākoʻo i kekahi o kāna mau neʻe i ka manawa like.
Eia kekahi laʻana code:
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;Hoʻomohala mākou i ka UI me ka Swing API
ʻO ka manawa kēia e hana ai ma ka interface. Lawe mua mākou i ka papa Jpanel. A laila huki mākou i nā hōʻailona ma ke kahua - e helu i ka nui o kēlā me kēia, e hoʻohana mākou i ka ʻikepili i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka pāʻani constructor parameter:
gridSize = (dim - 2 * margin);
tileSize = gridSize / size;ʻO Margin kekahi ʻāpana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka mea kūkulu pāʻani.
I kēia manawa pono mākou e wehewehe i ke ala drawGrid e huki i ka mākia a me nā kiko ma ka pale. Hoʻopili mākou i ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona a hoʻololi i nā hoʻonohonoho i nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻohana. A laila e kaha kiʻi i kēlā me kēia wahi me ka helu i waena:
private void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
// we convert 1D coords to 2D coords given the size of the 2D Array
int r = i / size;
int c = i % size;
// we convert in coords on the UI
int x = margin + c * tileSize;
int y = margin + r * tileSize;
// check special case for blank tile
if(tiles[i] == 0) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
drawCenteredString(g, "u2713", x, y);
}
continue;
}
// for other tiles
g.setColor(getForeground());
g.fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
drawCenteredString(g, String.valueOf(tiles[i]), x , y);
}
}ʻO ka hope, e hoʻopau i ke ʻano paintComponent, i loaʻa mai ka papa JPane. A laila hoʻohana mākou i ke ala drawGrid, a ukali ʻia e ke ala drawStartMessage e hōʻike i kahi leka e koi ana iā mākou e kaomi e hoʻomaka i ka pāʻani:
private void drawStartMessage(Graphics2D g) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setFont(getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 18));
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
String s = "Click to start new game";
g.drawString(s, (getWidth() - g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s)) / 2,
getHeight() - margin);
}
}
private void drawCenteredString(Graphics2D g, String s, int x, int y) {
// center string s for the given tile (x,y)
FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
int asc = fm.getAscent();
int desc = fm.getDescent();
g.drawString(s, x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + desc)) / 2));
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) g;
g2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawGrid(g2D);
drawStartMessage(g2D);
}Ka pane ʻana i nā hana mea hoʻohana ma ka UI
I mea e holo ai ka pāʻani i kāna papa, pono e hana i nā hana mea hoʻohana ma ka UI. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻohui i ka hoʻokō ʻana o MouseListener ma Jpanel a me ke code no ka neʻe ʻana i nā wahi, i hōʻike ʻia ma luna.
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
// used to let users to interact on the grid by clicking
// it's time to implement interaction with users to move tiles to solve the game !
if (gameOver) {
newGame();
} else {
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;
}
// we check if game is solved
gameOver = isSolved();
}
// we repaint panel
repaint();
}
});Hoʻokomo mākou i ke code i ka mea hana o ka papa GameOfFifteen. I ka hopena hope loa, kāhea mākou i ke ala houGame e hoʻomaka i kahi pāʻani hou.
Pāʻani pāʻani piha
ʻO ka hana hope ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana i ka pāʻani i ka hana, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea code a pau. Eia ka mea e hana nei:
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
// We are going to create a Game of 15 Puzzle with Java 8 and Swing
// If you have some questions, feel free to read comments ;)
public class GameOfFifteen extends JPanel { // our grid will be drawn in a dedicated Panel
// Size of our Game of Fifteen instance
private int size;
// Number of tiles
private int nbTiles;
// Grid UI Dimension
private int dimension;
// Foreground Color
private static final Color FOREGROUND_COLOR = new Color(239, 83, 80); // we use arbitrary color
// Random object to shuffle tiles
private static final Random RANDOM = new Random();
// Storing the tiles in a 1D Array of integers
private int[] tiles;
// Size of tile on UI
private int tileSize;
// Position of the blank tile
private int blankPos;
// Margin for the grid on the frame
private int margin;
// Grid UI Size
private int gridSize;
private boolean gameOver; // true if game over, false otherwise
public GameOfFifteen(int size, int dim, int mar) {
this.size = size;
dimension = dim;
margin = mar;
// init tiles
nbTiles = size * size - 1; // -1 because we don't count blank tile
tiles = new int[size * size];
// calculate grid size and tile size
gridSize = (dim - 2 * margin);
tileSize = gridSize / size;
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(dimension, dimension + margin));
setBackground(Color.WHITE);
setForeground(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 60));
gameOver = true;
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
// used to let users to interact on the grid by clicking
// it's time to implement interaction with users to move tiles to solve the game !
if (gameOver) {
newGame();
} else {
// get position of the click
int ex = e.getX() - margin;
int ey = e.getY() - margin;
// click in the grid ?
if (ex < 0 || ex > gridSize || ey < 0 || ey > gridSize)
return;
// get position in the grid
int c1 = ex / tileSize;
int r1 = ey / tileSize;
// get position of the blank cell
int c2 = blankPos % size;
int r2 = blankPos / size;
// we convert in the 1D coord
int clickPos = r1 * size + c1;
int dir = 0;
// we search direction for multiple tile moves at once
if (c1 == c2 && Math.abs(r1 - r2) > 0)
dir = (r1 - r2) > 0 ? size : -size;
else if (r1 == r2 && Math.abs(c1 - c2) > 0)
dir = (c1 - c2) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
if (dir != 0) {
// we move tiles in the direction
do {
int newBlankPos = blankPos + dir;
tiles[blankPos] = tiles[newBlankPos];
blankPos = newBlankPos;
} while(blankPos != clickPos);
tiles[blankPos] = 0;
}
// we check if game is solved
gameOver = isSolved();
}
// we repaint panel
repaint();
}
});
newGame();
}
private void newGame() {
do {
reset(); // reset in intial state
shuffle(); // shuffle
} while(!isSolvable()); // make it until grid be solvable
gameOver = false;
}
private void reset() {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
tiles[i] = (i + 1) % tiles.length;
}
// we set blank cell at the last
blankPos = tiles.length - 1;
}
private void shuffle() {
// don't include the blank tile in the shuffle, leave in the solved position
int n = nbTiles;
while (n > 1) {
int r = RANDOM.nextInt(n--);
int tmp = tiles[r];
tiles[r] = tiles[n];
tiles[n] = tmp;
}
}
// Only half permutations of the puzzle are solvable.
// Whenever a tile is preceded by a tile with higher value it counts
// as an inversion. In our case, with the blank tile in the solved position,
// the number of inversions must be even for the puzzle to be solvable
private boolean isSolvable() {
int countInversions = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nbTiles; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (tiles[j] > tiles[i])
countInversions++;
}
}
return countInversions % 2 == 0;
}
private boolean isSolved() {
if (tiles[tiles.length - 1] != 0) // if blank tile is not in the solved position ==> not solved
return false;
for (int i = nbTiles - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (tiles[i] != i + 1)
return false;
}
return true;
}
private void drawGrid(Graphics2D g) {
for (int i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
// we convert 1D coords to 2D coords given the size of the 2D Array
int r = i / size;
int c = i % size;
// we convert in coords on the UI
int x = margin + c * tileSize;
int y = margin + r * tileSize;
// check special case for blank tile
if(tiles[i] == 0) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
drawCenteredString(g, "u2713", x, y);
}
continue;
}
// for other tiles
g.setColor(getForeground());
g.fillRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g.drawRoundRect(x, y, tileSize, tileSize, 25, 25);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
drawCenteredString(g, String.valueOf(tiles[i]), x , y);
}
}
private void drawStartMessage(Graphics2D g) {
if (gameOver) {
g.setFont(getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, 18));
g.setColor(FOREGROUND_COLOR);
String s = "Click to start new game";
g.drawString(s, (getWidth() - g.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(s)) / 2,
getHeight() - margin);
}
}
private void drawCenteredString(Graphics2D g, String s, int x, int y) {
// center string s for the given tile (x,y)
FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
int asc = fm.getAscent();
int desc = fm.getDescent();
g.drawString(s, x + (tileSize - fm.stringWidth(s)) / 2,
y + (asc + (tileSize - (asc + desc)) / 2));
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) g;
g2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
drawGrid(g2D);
drawStartMessage(g2D);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setTitle("Game of Fifteen");
frame.setResizable(false);
frame.add(new GameOfFifteen(4, 550, 30), BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
// center on the screen
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}ʻO ka hope, e pāʻani kākou!
ʻO ka manawa kēia e hoʻomaka ai i ka pāʻani a hoʻāʻo iā ia i ka hana. Pono ke kahua penei:
E ho'āʻo kākou e hoʻonā i ka puzzle. Inā maikaʻi nā mea a pau, loaʻa iā mākou kēia:
ʻo ia wale nō. Ua manaʻo hou ʻoe? 🙂
Manaʻo ʻo Skillbox:
- Papa hana .
- Hoʻohana i ka papa pūnaewele .
- ʻElua makahiki papa hana .
Source: www.habr.com