"E hoa, i tae mai he karere mai i a Google Amor inanahi. E taunaki ana kia whakarerea koe e au, ka moe ai i tētahi atu tāne. E ai ki te tātaritanga o aku poroporo Aroha me ōu, o tā māua hītori tirotiro, me tā māua karere inamata, kua heke iho tā māua hototahitanga ki raro i te 31%. Ko te tikanga tēnei ko ngā kare ā-roto pai e whiwhihia ana e māua i roto i tā māua marena kei raro iho i te taumata iti rawa."
"Ā, ko wai hei tāne hou māu?" I rangona he reo hae i roto i te reo o te tangata, he mea ohorere ahakoa mōna.
Kātahi ka hoatu puku e te wahine tana waea ki a ia.
- Nā... Ko tana moni whiwhi ā-tau he $230, e noho ana ki Oklahoma. Kua tūtaki koe ki a ia?
- Kāo, e hine. I whakatau ahau ki te waea atu ki a ia i muri i taku kōrero ki a koe. He aha tāu e kī atu nei?
- Kei a koe te tikanga.
"Āe, e mōhio ana koe ki tēnā. Kāore a Google e hē. Tāpiri atu ki tēnā he whakahekenga taake ā-tau 15% mā tāua. Tekau ngā piro i roto i tō tāua mana pāpori. He utu pai, he utu pai. Kua tekau mā rua tau māua e marena ana, ā, kāore he tangata kē atu e tuku mai i tētahi utu pai ake mā māua."
- Ae rā, e hoa. He kōwhiringa pai tēnā...
Kāore anō kia tino tutuki tēnei. He pakiwaitara pūtaiao. Engari he wawata tino tūpono. Ahakoa te hunga matapo, te hunga turi, kua kitea kētia te awe o te ipurangi ki te tangata.
Kua tino TŪTURU te whakahaere i ngā whakaaro o te marea hei whakapiki i ngā hoko o ētahi taonga, tae atu ki te pōti i tētahi perehitini (!)! Ehara i te mea he mea tūturu noa te whakahaere tuhinga hiko, te hokohoko tuihono, me te whakaipoipo tuihono, engari he mea noa, he mea mōhio ki te karakia Paraire mō ngā Mahometa me te hāhi Rātapu mō ngā Karaitiana. He taahiraa anō, he rua rānei, e rima ki te tekau tau, ā, me te kore e mōhio, ka tino pehia tātou e te Ipurangi, ka rumakina ki roto ki te pūtake.
Koinei te momo āpōpō e hiahia ana koe? E whakaae ana ahau, he tino whakamarie i te tīmatanga. Engari he rite ki te whakamarie o te poroka i roto i te ipu wai i runga i te ahi. He rawe i te tīmatanga, engari kātahi ka kore e taea e koe te peke atu me te kore e kohuatia.
Ki te haere tonu te ia o te urunga whānui o te ipurangi, ka tika te kī, "Ko te tangata nāna te ipurangi, nōna te ao." Engari ko wai te tangata nāna te ipurangi? Ki tō whakaaro rānei kāore he rangatira o te ao mariko, arā, nō te katoa? E tino mōhio ana ahau ehara koe i te kuware.
Nō te katoa te Ipurangi, pērā i te Antarctica nō te katoa. Ahakoa ka taea e te tangata o Papuan o Guinea Bissau te haereere ki reira me te kore utu, ko te mea pono, nō ētahi whenua torutoru te tuaono o ngā whenua e kaha ana ki te whakapau moni nui ki te tiaki i ā rātou teihana ki reira.
Nā wai te ipurangi, e hia te utu hei pupuri, ā, ka taea te huri i te ia o te tangata e pehia ana e te ipurangi? Hei whakautu i tēnei pātai, me mārama tātou he aha te ipurangi.
"He piriona rorohiko ēnei e honoa ana mā te waea, mā te ahokore rānei, me ngā pouara, ngā pouwhanga, me ngā pūmanawa motuhake," e kī ana pea koe. Tērā pea ka maumahara te hunga matatau ki ngā wāhitau HTTP, IPv4, me ngā wāhitau IP. He pono tēnā, engari kāore i te tino tika. Ko te rewera, e ai ki tā rātou, kei roto i ngā taipitopito.
Ehara te ipurangi i te whatunga, engari he whatunga o ngā whatunga. Ko te tikanga he mano tini, he rau mano tini, o ngā whatunga rohe, e hono ana i tētahi rōpū rorohiko motuhake e whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ana mā tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā pouara. He rangatira tō ia whatunga rohe—he Kaiwhakarato Ratonga Ipurangi (ISP). Kātahi ka honoa ēnei pouara ki a rātou anō mā ngā taura waea, ngā taura ipurangi motuhake, ngā hononga ahokore rānei. Ko te mutunga iho ko te ipurangi.
He hinonga ture mana te kaiwhakarato ratonga ipurangi (ISP), he kamupene, nō reira kei raro i ngā mana whakahaere o te whenua e mahi ana ia. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā mana whakahaere te tapahi ngāwari i tō hononga ipurangi, te aukati rānei i te urunga atu ki ētahi mōhiohio ipurangi. Ka taea tēnei te whakauru atu ki ngā paetukutuku motuhake tae atu ki te kati ā-ao. Hei tauira, i ngā wā o ngā raruraru pāpori i Irāki, i Īrāna, i Rīpia, me ērā atu wāhi, i whakahaua e ngā mana whakahaere kia kati katoa te ipurangi, kia aukati rānei i te urunga atu ki ngā pāpāho pāpori.
Mā te whakaurunga o te ipurangi hou ki te pokapū ka māmā ake te aukati i ngā rerenga kōrero, ehara i te mea mā te mahi a te kāwanatanga anake. Tērā pea ka puta ngā momotu taura ā-tinana, ngā whakaekenga DDoS, me ētahi atu hapa rānei. E maumahara ana tātou katoa ki te āhua o te aukati i a Pukamata, i ētahi atu whatunga pāpori, me ētahi atu rauemi ipurangi i ia wā, i ia wā.
Ko te ngoikoretanga tuarua ko te kaha o tō ISP ki te kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio mō ō mahi ipurangi. Nā te mea, ko ia te kaiwhakahaere o te pouara, e mōhio ana ko tēhea IP i whakamahia e koe hei uru atu ki reira, me tēhea IP i ahu mai ai tō kete raraunga. Kāore he ara. VPN Ki te kore, kāore a Tor e āwhina. Ka taea e rātou te huna i tō tuakiri mai i ngā kaimātakitaki o waho, engari kāore e taea e tō ISP. Ka mōhio pū rātou ki te pūtake mai o ngā mōhiohio, me te aha tonu.
Tērā atu anō ngā ngoikoretanga, kāore i te iti iho te hiranga. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te ipurangi hou he whakaata i te hapori hou, me ōna pokapū mana, ngā mana whakahaere kaha, me te iwi kāore i te whai mana, ā, ko te whakaaro nui o te hunga pāpāho kei te pupuri tonu i a rātou. Pērā anō hoki mō te ipurangi. Kei reira ngā kaiwhakarato e ngohengohe ana ki ngā mana whakahaere. Kei reira ngā kamupene ipurangi nunui me ngā rauemi hinengaro me ngā rauemi pūtea nui, nā reira kua tata rātou te whakahaere i ngā ihirangi katoa me te whakahaere angitu i ngā whakaaro o te marea, me te tuku i ō rātou hiahia ki a tātou. Ā, kei reira anō ngā kaiwhakamahi noa, kāore nei he mana.
Nō reira, kei te piki haere te hurihanga o te Ipurangi mai i te taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te rokiroki mōhiohio watea ki te taputapu arumoni hei whakaputa moni, hei taputapu whakahaere hapori hoki.
Te whanaketanga, te hurihanga rānei?
He tino kitea ngā ngoikoretanga o te ipurangi hou, ā, he pono, he tokomaha te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakarerekē i tēnei āhuatanga. Hei tauira, ko te matua o te ipurangi tonu, ko Tim Berners-Lee, e mōhio ana ki ngā ngoikoretanga o tana whakaaro, kei te whakawhanake i te kaupapa Solid me tētahi rōpū tāngata whai whakaaro rite - te hanganga o tētahi whatunga kore mana whakahaere me te whāinga ki te wawahi i te mana whakahaere o ngā kamupene ipurangi nui pēnei i a Google me Facebook. Mā te kore mana whakahaere, ko te tikanga o Berners-Lee ko te hoatu ki ngā kaiwhakamahi te mana whakahaere katoa mō ā rātou raraunga puta noa i ngā ratonga katoa. Mena ka angitu te whakatinanatanga o tēnei kaupapa, kāore e taea e ngā kamupene ipurangi nunui te kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio maha, te tātari mā te whakamahi i ngā rauropi motuhake, kātahi ka whai mana ki te hapori whānui me tātou katoa.
He ara whanaketanga tēnei, ki tā mātou titiro, ā, he hapa nui tōna. Ka akiakihia tonu tātou ki te tahuri ki aua kamupene ipurangi nunui mō ngā mōhiohio. Ā, ki te pērā, he uaua ki te whakaaro kāore e tohaina ētahi o ā tātou mōhiohio whaiaro ki a rātou.
Heoi anō, kāore a Solid e aro ki te take o te aukati i te urunga atu ki ngā mōhiohio mā roto i ngā whakahau a te kāwanatanga, ngā whakaekenga DDoS, me ētahi atu.
Nō reira, tērā pea kāore ngā mea e ahu whakamua ana, engari ka huri hei mea hou? Mā tēhea ara?
Waihangahia he pūnaha whakahaere motuhake (OS) e ōrite ai ngā mana o ngā kaiwhakamahi katoa. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, mā tātou katoa e whakatau ko ēhea ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki a tātou anō ka tohaina ki te ipurangi, ā, mā wai hoki e tuku, e whiwhi rānei tātou i tēnei, i tēnā rānei mōhiohio. Arā, ka taea e tātou te noho hei kaihoko, hei kaiwhakarato hoki. Arā, kāore ngā ihirangi e rongoatia ana i waenganui, engari ka tohatohahia ki waenga i ngā kaiwhakamahi. Ka mahia te rapu mō ngā mōhiohio e tika ana mā te whakamahi i tētahi ripanga tātai, arā, he kōpaki e tuhi ana i ngā mōhiohio e rongoatia ana ki runga i ēhea rorohiko. Ka whakamahia te hangarau poraka mekameka hei rongoa me te tohatoha i ngā mōhiohio tino tairongo.
Hei tautuhi i ia kaiwhakamahi me te ārai i te tinihanga, e whakaarohia ana kia waihangahia he kōtaha matihiko. Engari ehara tēnei i te waitohu matihiko noa iho. Koinei te tūāpapa e hangaia ai e te kaiwhakamahi tōna wheako ipurangi. I runga i tēnei kōtaha matihiko, ka tīpakohia e te pūnaha whakahaere ngā ihirangi e hiahiatia ana e koe—te whakangahau, ngā mōhiohio, me ngā arumoni. Arā, hei utu mō te tutei a Google i a koe me te tātari i ō mōhiohio, te tuku kiriata, ngā purongo, me ngā hua ki a koe, ko koe te tangata e tohu ana i tāu e hiahia ana kia kite i runga i tō rorohiko. Mā tēnei ka whakakorea te ao hou o "i moe rātou i ahau i te kore ahau."
Ka taea e ngā whatunga hoa-ki-hoa, arā, ngā whatunga P2P, te whakamahi hei tauira mō te ipurangi o āpōpō. Ina koa, ko te BitTorrent rongonui. Ka tino whakarerekē tēnei i te huarahi e rapu ai, e tiki ai hoki i ngā mōhiohio. I tēnei wā, e ahu mai ana te katoa i te whakaaro kei runga i tētahi tūmau motuhake tētahi kōnae (ihirangi). I roto i te ipurangi o āpōpō e whakaarohia ana, ko te hash o tētahi kōnae motuhake kei tētahi wāhi ipurangi. Ko te hash he tohu kōnae ahurei i tatauhia mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha motuhake.
I tēnei wā, mēnā kei runga i ngā rorohiko maha te kōnae e rongoa ana, e kore te ngaronga o te hononga ki tētahi o aua rorohiko e aukati i a koe ki te uru atu ki ngā mōhiohio. Kāore koe e whakamahi i a Google, i tētahi atu pūkaha rapu rānei hei kimi, arā, kāore koe e tohatoha i tētahi mōhiohio whaiaro ki a ia.
Kua tino whakarei ake te haumarutanga o ngā mōhiohio kua tukuna. Mā te pūnaha whakahaere hou, ka taea te tuku tika i te īmēra kotahi ki te rorohiko a te kaiwhiwhi, me te karo i ngā tūmau īmēra e pai ana ki te tirotiro i ngā ihirangi. Kei te whakamahia tēnei tikanga e ngā taupānga karere rongonui pērā i a Viber me Telegram i tēnei wā.
Mā te kaupapa hoahoa ipurangi kua whakaarohia ka ea ngāwari te raruraru o te tauine. I tēnei wā, mā te whakarea i te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi ka piki ake te kawenga i runga i ngā tūmau e penapena ana i ngā ihirangi. Ka arahi tēnei ki ngā motumotu me ngā whakawhiti raraunga puhoi. Mā te hoahoa ipurangi hou, ka paku piki ake te kawenga i runga i tētahi rorohiko takitahi, ā, ka heke iho pea, nā te mea ka mahi hoki ngā rorohiko katoa hei tūmau.
He kaupapa hou mō te rokiroki raraunga
I kōrerotia ake nei e mātou kāore e pono te ipurangi nā te mea he iti noa ngā rorohiko e rongoa ana i ngā ihirangi (ki te whakaritea ki te whatunga whānui). Ka pāngia ēnei rorohiko e ngā whakaekenga DDoS, ka noho hei whāinga mā ngā kaipahua, ā, ka mutu noa te whakamahi i te ipurangi nā ngā take hangarau.
Mā te pūnaha whakahaere hou, e whakamahi ana i te ipurangi kore-pūnaha, ka tino whakapai ake i te pono o te kimi raraunga. Ko te ariā rokiroki raraunga e whai ake nei ka whakaarohia:
- ngā rorohiko a ngā kaiwhakamahi;
- ngā whare putunga raraunga motuhake.
Ka whakahaerehia te whakawhiti raraunga mā te whakamahi i ngā kawa e ahu mai ana i te hangarau poraka mekameka. Ko tēnei ariā:
- ka taea e koe te tiaki pono me te tuku mōhiohio;
- ka whakarite i te tere whakawhiti raraunga teitei;
- ka taea te whakarewa tere i tētahi kaupapa e hiahia ana ki te nui o te rorohiko (rorohiko tohatoha);
- ka whakatū i tētahi whakaritenga māmā mō tō ake pātengi raraunga.
Me pēhea te wikitoria?
He whakaaro kuware te whakaaro ka tukuna noatia e ngā kamupene nui o te ipurangi ā rātou hua piriona tāra. Nā, me aha tātou?
Tuatahi, me waihanga he pūnaha whakahaere. Ka taea e tātou te whai i te ara o Tim Berners-Lee, nāna i hanga he kamupene hou mō tana kaupapa Solid, he hunga mahi hōtaka tūao. Ki tā mātou titiro, ko te pūnaha whakahaere o muri mai me aro tuatahi ki ngā taputapu pūkoro, arā, me hono ngā hononga ipurangi mā roto i ngā whatunga ahokore, me te whakaiti i te maha o ngā kaiwhakarato. Kātahi, ko te kawa ipurangi matua ko te BGP (border gateway protocol), he kawa arataki hihiri.
Me tāuta te pūnaha whakahaere hou ki runga ake i ngā mea o mua (Android, iOS rānei), arā, ka waiho hei tāpiritanga ki te Ipurangi (whatunga paparua).
Me kore utu tēnei pūnaha whakahaere, me ngā ihirangi ka whakawhitiwhitihia e ngā kaiuru whatunga.
Ae, he kaha te mana motuhake o te ipurangi, i te taha pūtea me te taha hinengaro. Engari kāore e taea te ātete i ngā mahi tahi a te tini miriona tāngata. Ahakoa ngā kamupene kaha, kāore e taea te whakakore i te ariā o te whanaketanga o te hapori tangata, tae atu ki te ipurangi hei wāhanga o taua ariā, e whakahau ana kia nui ake te herekoretanga takitahi, te tūmataitinga, me te haumarutanga. Ko taua ariā anō hoki e whakahau ana kia hangaia he pūnaha whakahaere hou, i waenga i ngā whetu. He motuhake ngā whetu o te ao whānui tetahi i tetahi. Ka tukuna e rātou te māramatanga, ka mimiti hoki i te matū. Heoi anō, i te wā kotahi, e herea ana rātou e te papa kotahi o te kaha ā-pūngao. Kia whai pūnaha whakahaere i waenga i ngā whetu!
"E hine, i tae mai tēnei īmēra rorirori i a Google. Kei te kī mai rātou kia whakarere tāua. E mea ana rātou kua oti ā rātou rangahau, ā, kua whakatau kāore tāua i te tika mō tētahi ki tētahi. I kī mai anō rātou he tāne hou māku."
– Kāore anō kia taea e rātou te marino. Makahia tēnei pepa ki te kōpaki pāme.
"He pai kē ki ahau te aukati i a Google. Kua hoha ahau ki āna pānuitanga me ngā momo tuku whakararuraru katoa."
- Tērā pea anō hoki. Kua wareware kē ahau i te wā whakamutunga i whakatuwheratia ai e au.
Source: will.com
